Drumming out
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Drumming out is the historical act of being dishonorably dismissed from military service to the sound of the Rogue's March or a drum. In modern figurative usage, it may refer to any act of expulsion or dismissal in disgrace.[1]
Origin
One of the earliest recorded references to drumming out occurs in Alexander Pope's Moral Essays, 3rd epistle, 1731–1733: "Chartres was a man infamous for all manner of vices. When he was an ensign in the army, he was drummed out of the regiment for a cheat; he was next banished Brussels, and drummed out of Ghent, on the same account."[2]
It also occurs in a figurative sense in Thomas Amory's 1766 Life of John Buncle: "They ought to be drummed out of society."[3]
American Revolutionary War
The earliest known discharge of an American soldier involved the drumming out of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin for attempted sodomy in March 1778 during the Revolutionary War. The diary of Lieutenant James McMichael contains a record of the sentence being carried out:
"March 15. — I this morning proceeded to the grand parade, where I was a spectator to the drumming out of Lieut. Enslin of Col. Malcom's regiment. He was first drum'd from right to left of the parade, thence to the left wing of the army; from that to the centre, and lastly transported over the Schuylkill with orders never to be seen in Camp in the future. This shocking scene was performed by all the drums and fifes in the army—the coat of the delinquent was turned wrong side out."[4]
The sentencing order, approved by George Washington, called for Enslin to be permanently drummed out of the Continental Army.
American Civil War
American Civil War officers drummed out of service might have their heads shaved and their uniforms stripped of insignia and be paraded in front of their comrades. Fellow officers were forbidden to touch the person being dishonorably discharged, but in more than one case after the war had ended, a drummed-out man was found dead after receiving a beating from his former comrades.[6] When someone was being drummed out, the tune "Rogue's March" would be played.[7]
References
- ^ "Drum". thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
- ^ The Works of Alexander Pope, Esq: Moral essays. Printed for J. and P. Knapton, H. Lintot, J. and R. Tonson and S. Draper, and C. Bathurst. 1752. Retrieved 2012-02-16 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Drummed out of the army". phrases.org.uk. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ James McMichael, Pennsylvania Archives (Second Series), William Henry Egle, ed., v.15, Harrisburg, PA: E.K. Meyers, State Printer, 1890. p. 217
- ^ Forbes 1890, p. 303.
- ^ Robert Niepert. "Crimes And Punishments In The Civil War". floridareenactorsonline.cm. Archived from the original on 2009-08-13. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "Civil War Harper's Weekly, June 1, 1861". Harper's Weekly. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
Drumming out Albany volunteers who refused to take the oath.