Asian conical hat
The Asian conical hat, commonly known as an Asian rice hat, or just rice hat (particularly in the US), coolie hat or Chinese hat (in the UK), chinaman’s hat (Australia)[citation needed], oriental hat, or farmer's hat, is a simple style of conically shaped sun hat originating in East, South and Southeast Asia; and notable in modern-day nations and regions of China, Taiwan, parts of Outer Manchuria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Nepal, Tibet, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is kept on the head by a cloth (often silk) or fiber chin strap.
Regional names
English terms for the hat include sedge hat, rice hat, paddy hat, bamboo hat and sometimes coolie hat.[1] Note, however, that coolie is often considered a derogatory racial slur.[2][3]
In South-east Asia, it is known as do'un (ដួន) in Cambodia; caping in Indonesia; koup (ກຸບ) in Laos; terendak in Malaysia; งอบ in Thailand; khamauk (ခမောက်) in Myanmar; salakot, sarok, sadok, s'laong, hallidung, kallugong, and tabungaw among other names in the Philippines; and nón lá in Vietnam.[citation needed]
In East Asia it is called dǒulì (斗笠, literally meaning a "one-dǒu bamboo hat") in China; kasa (笠) in Japan; and satgat (삿갓) in Korea.
In South Asia, it is known as jaapi (জাপি) in Assam (India); in Bangladesh it is known as mathal (মাথাল).[4]
Use
Asian conical hats are, throughout Asia, primarily used as a form of protection from the sun and rain. When made of straw or other woven materials, it can be dipped in water and worn as an impromptu evaporative cooling device.[5]
China
In China, it was typically associated with farmers, while mandarins wore tighter circular caps, especially in the winter.[6]
Japan
It is also widely understood in East Asia, most notably Japan, where they were known as kasa, as a symbol of Buddhism, as it is traditionally worn by pilgrims and Buddhist monks in search of alms.
Sturdier, even metal, variants, known as jingasa (battle kasa), were also worn by samurai and foot-soldiers in Japan, as helmets.[citation needed]
Philippines
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Philippine_military_uniforms_-_1862.jpg/300px-Philippine_military_uniforms_-_1862.jpg)
In the Philippines, the salakot is more commonly a pointed dome-shape, rather than conical, with a spike or knob finial. Unlike most other mainland Asian conical hats, it is characterized by an inner headband in addition to a chinstrap. It can be made from various materials including bamboo, rattan, nito, bottle gourd, buri straw, nipa leaves, pandan leaves, and carabao horn. The plain type is typically worn by farmers, but nobles in the pre-colonial period (and later principalia in the Spanish period) crafted ornate variations with jewels, precious metals, or tortoiseshell. These are considered heirloom objects passed down from generation to generation within families.[7][8]
The salakot was also commonly worn by native soldiers in the Spanish colonial army. It was adopted by Spanish troops in the early 18th century as part of their campaign uniform. In doing so, it became the direct precursor of the pith helmet (still called salacot or salacco in Spanish and French).[9]
Vietnam
In Vietnam, the nón lá, nón tơi (“hats”), nón gạo (“rice hat”), nón dang (“conical hat”) or nón trúc ("bamboo hat") forms a perfect right circular cone which tapers smoothly from the base to the apex. Special conical hats in Vietnam contain colourful hand-stitch depictions or words while the Huế varieties are famous for their nón bài thơ (lit. poem conical hats). These contain random poetic verses and Chữ Hán which can be revealed when the hat is directed above one's head in the sunlight. In modernity, they have become part of Vietnam's national costume.[10]
Others
In India and Borneo, the plain conical hat was worn by commoners during their daily work, but more decoratively-colored ones were used for festivities. In Sabah, the colorful conical hat is worn for certain dances while in Assam they are hung in homes as decoration or worn by the upper classes for special occasions.[citation needed]
Gallery
A farmer in Bangladesh wearing a mathal (মাথাল)
A selection of conical hats in Hainan, China
Conical hats of the Dusun people in Sabah, Malaysia
Making conical hats (nón tơi) in Huế countryside, Vietnam
Three Sama-Bajau women wearing saruk from Jolo, Sulu, Philippines, c.1900
Tortoiseshell and silver salakot from the Philippines
See also
- List of hats and headgear
- Kasa
- Ngob
- Gat
- Fulani hat
- Pointed hat
- Pilgrim's hat
- Mokoliʻi, an island in Hawaii with a nickname "Chinaman's Hat"
References
- ^ "Coolie hat - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary".
- ^ "Definition of COOLIE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ^ "Definition of coolie | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ^ "Bamboo Craft". Banglapedia.
- ^ "Conical Hats". Nguyentientam.com. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 558–559, see page 558, lines 3 to 5.
The term “mandarin” is ...[applied]... only to those who are entitled to wear a “button,” which is a spherical knob, about an inch in diameter, affixed to the top of the official cap or hat
. - ^ Peralta, Jesus T. (2013). Salakot and Other Headgear (PDF). National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) & Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (ICHCAP), UNESCO. p. 232.
- ^ Nocheseda, Elmer I. "The Filipino And The Salacot". Tagalog Dictionary. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
- ^ Antón, Jacinto (December 5, 2013). "La romántica elegancia de Salacot". El País. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2018 – via elpais.com.
- ^ "Vietnamese Costumes: Non toi".
External links
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