Carnarvonia araliifolia
Carnarvonia araliifolia | |
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Foliage | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Subfamily: | Grevilleoideae |
Genus: | Carnarvonia F.Muell. |
Species: | C. araliifolia
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Binomial name | |
Carnarvonia araliifolia |
Carnarvonia is a flowering plant genus of a single species, commonly named red oak or red silky oak and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. The single species named Carnarvonia araliifolia grows to large trees of 30 m (100 ft) or more. They grow naturally only (endemic) to the Wet Tropics rainforests region of north-eastern Queensland, Australia.[3][4][5] The species has two described varieties, Carnarvonia araliifolia var. araliifolia and Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana, and the common names are used for both.[2][3][4][5]
Carnarvonia araliifolia var. araliifolia grows naturally in the lowlands and up to the lower parts of the uplands, from about 50 to 1,000 m (160 to 3,280 ft) altitude.[3][5] The trees are recorded as developing into the largest size on basalt derived fertile soils.[3]
Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana grows naturally in the uplands, tablelands and mountains of the region, from about 650 to 1,300 m (2,130 to 4,270 ft) altitude, with its variety name referring to mountains.[4][5]
Taxonomy and naming
In 1867, the colonial botanist Ferdinand von Mueller named the species in honour of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon.[1][2][5][6] In 1995, the Australian tropical rainforest botanist Bernie Hyland updated the description and described the two different varieties.[2]
Phylogenetics studies have indicated that C. araliifolia branched off from an early lineage of the plant family Proteaceae and it retains the ancient characteristics. Botanists have classified the species as a member of the subfamily Grevilleoideae because its cotyledons have auricles, which all other Grevilleoideae have and other Proteaceae outside the subfamily do not have.[7]
Description
C. araliifolia grows up to a tall trees in its native rainforest habitats.[5] The trunks have a pale grey colour and have rounded buttresses with bases likened to an elephant's foot.[5][6] The compound leaves are up to 35 cm (14 in) long, arranged alternately along the stem. From Nov. to May white–cream flowers grow in panicle–structured compound inflorescences.[5][6] They grow into woody follicle fruits, ripening from July to March with 1 or 2 winged seeds inside, which sulphur-crested cockatoos eat.[5]
References
- ^ a b Mueller, Ferdinand von (Dec 1867). "Carnavonia; Carnavonia araliifolia". XLIII (Digitised archive copy, online, via biodiversitylibrary.org). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae (in Latin). Vol. 6. Auctoritate Gubern. Coloniæ Victoriæ, Ex Officina Joannis Ferres. pp. 80–81. Retrieved 29 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Carnarvonia%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 29 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b c d F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan (2020). "Carnarvonia araliifolia var. araliifolia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b c F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan (2020). "Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. pp. 408–9. ISBN 9780958174213. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. pp. 128–29. ISBN 0-207-17277-3.
- ^ Weston, Peter H.; Barker, Nigel P. (2006). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera" (PDF). Telopea. 11 (3): 314–344. doi:10.7751/telopea20065733. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24.
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- CS1 Latin-language sources (la)
- Articles with short description
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata
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- Proteaceae
- Proteales of Australia
- Trees of Australia
- Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
- Endemic flora of Queensland
- Wet Tropics of Queensland