Avdiivka

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For the village in Russia, see Avdeyevka, Russia.

Avdiivka
Авдіївка (Ukrainian)
Авдеевка (Russian)
City
Федоренко. Авдеевка 01.jpg
Avdiivka Flag
Flag
Avdiivka
Coat of arms
Avdiivka is located in Donetsk Oblast
Avdiivka
Avdiivka
Location of Avdiivka in Donetsk Oblast
Avdiivka is located in Ukraine
Avdiivka
Avdiivka
Location of Avdiivka in Ukraine
Coordinates: 48°08′43″N 37°44′42″E / 48.14528°N 37.74500°E / 48.14528; 37.74500Coordinates: 48°08′43″N 37°44′42″E / 48.14528°N 37.74500°E / 48.14528; 37.74500
Country Ukraine
Oblast Donetsk Oblast
RaionFlag of Pokrovsk raion.png Pokrovsk Raion
Founded1778
Government
 • Leader of CMAVitalii Barabash
Area
 • Total29 km2 (11 sq mi)
Population
 (2022[1])
 • Total2,500
 • Density86/km2 (220/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
86060-86075
Area Code+380 6236
ClimateDfb
Websiteavdeevka.dn.ua

Avdiivka or Avdeevka (Ukrainian: Авдіївка, pronounced [ɐu̯ˈd(j)ijiu̯kɐ], Russian: Авдеевка) is a city of regional significance in Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast. The city is in the center of the region, just north of the city of Donetsk. Avdiivka has a large Avdiivka Coke Plant. The city's population is officially estimated as 31,940 (2021 est.)[2]; in January 2017, BBC News estimated that the population ranged between 16,000 and 22,000.[3] As of 3 August, 2022, only 2,500 people, or 10% of the city's pre-war population remain in Avdiivka according to Vitalii Barabash, head of the city's military–civilian administration.[1] Avdiivka is within the claimed boundaries of the separatist Donetsk People's Republic, and has seen fighting as part of the War in Donbas and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

History

The presence of nomadic people in the area of Avdiivka dates back to at least the 9th to 13th centuries as evidenced by a stone sculpture (or baba) that was discovered in a mound.

Avdiivka is one of the oldest settlements in Donetsk region. The first settlement on the territory of the modern city was founded in the middle of the 18th century by people from the Kursk, Voronezh and Poltava provinces. In 1778, by order of the Novorossiysk governor, the newly established village became state property. It was named after the name of the first settler, Avdiivka.

According to census data for 1859, 2,299 people (1,180 males and 1,119 females) lived in the state village of Bakhmut District, Katerynoslav Province. There were 450 farmsteads, an Orthodox church and a post office.

As of 1886, 3,087 people lived in the former state village in the center of Avdiiv Volost. There were 555 farm households, an Orthodox church and a school, and 2 fairs were held a year.

In the mid-1880s, the Catherine Railway passed through the area where the city is now located and a railway station was built here.

According to the 1897 census, the number of residents decreased to 2,153 (1,282 males and 871 females), of which 2,057 were of the Orthodox faith.

In 1908, 5,475 people (2,736 males and 2,739 females) lived in the village and there were 865 farm households.

In April 1920, a detachment of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine attacked the Avdiivka railway station, where they destroyed railway property and telephone sets. In November 1920, Nestor Makhno ordered the detachment of Fyodor Shuss to occupy Avdiivka and the village near it.

Avdiivka suffered as a result of the Holodomor in 1932-1933. The number of established victims in Avdiivka was 485 people.

Russo-Ukrainian War

Main article: Russo-Ukrainian War

2014 pro-Russian unrest

Main article: 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine

Starting Mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast;[4][5] including Avdiivka. On 21 July 2014, Ukrainian forces reportedly secured the city from separatists.[6] This claim was repeated the next day.[7] Ukrainian forces kept control of Avdiivka, which became a frontline city and frequently shelled.[8][3] According to the OSCE, the area between Avdiivka and neighboring separatist-controlled Yasynuvata is one of the hotspots of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[9]

In March 2016 the Ukrainian army set up its fortifications in the area "Industrial Zone", until then a buffer zone between the Donetsk People's Republic controlled territories and the Ukrainian army controlled Ukraine in the eastern part of Avdiivka.[10] This meant that the pro-Russian separatists no longer had full control of the highway that connected Donetsk and Horlivka (two major cities under their control), and that it became more difficult for them to fire at Avdiivka even with weapons that Minsk II did not prohibit.[10] Since March 2016, fighting for Avdiivka's "Industrial Zone" greatly intensified.[10]

2017 battle

Main article: Battle of Avdiivka (2017)

In 2017, the city was embroiled in a battle from 29 January until 4 February, which left the city without electricity and heating for several days.[11][12][13]

2022 battle

Main article: Battle of Avdiivka (2022)

As part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces fired rockets towards Avdiivka, most notably the coke plant in the city[14]. As of October 2022, the city remains under Ukrainian control.

Demographics

As of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[15]

Ethnicity
Language

Industry and infrastructure

Local heating energy is normally provided via natural gas from the Avdiivka Coke Plant. In 2017, the plant was damaged during a bombardment by pro-Russian separatists, leaving the town without heating for several days.[12][13]

Other than the Avdiivka Coke Plant, the city also has Avdiivka Factory of Metallic Structures, quartz sand quarry and some other factories and industrial centers.

The city had its own tramway service which connects the city's center with Avdiivka Coke Plant.[16] Due to the war in Donbas it is no longer operating.[16] The line had three rail stops[16] and the city train station.

The city is conditionally split by a railroad into Old city and settlement "Khimik" (literally: Chemist).

Notable people

Gallery

  • St. Mary Magdalene Church

    St. Mary Magdalene Church

  • Memorial stone commemorating the opening of Avdiivka railway station in 1884

    Memorial stone commemorating the opening of Avdiivka railway station in 1884

  • A tram in Avdiivka

    A tram in Avdiivka

  • Avdiivka Coke Plant

    Avdiivka Coke Plant

  • Old sand quarry in Avdiivka

    Old sand quarry in Avdiivka

References

  1. ^ a b "2,500 civilians remain in Avdiivka despite relentless Russian shelling". Ukrainska Pravda. 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
  3. ^ a b Ukraine conflict: Evacuation planned in frontline town of Avdiivka, BBC News (31 January 2017)
  4. ^ Leonid Ragozin (16 April 2014). "Putin Is Accidentally Helping Unite Eastern and Western Ukraine - The New Republic". The New Republic. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  5. ^ "TASS: World - Donbass defenders put WWII tank back into service". TASS. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  6. ^ "TASS: World - Ukraine's army launches massive offensive operation on Donetsk". TASS. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  7. ^ "BBC: Ukrainian military 'seizes Avdiivka' in rebel Donetsk stronghold". KyivPost. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  8. ^ Bloomberg: Ukraine pushes for UN peacekeepers, Ukraine Today (21 April 2015)
    Ukraine crisis: The factory that has been shelled 165 times, BBC News (17 April 2015)
    Civilians Stuck in the Middle of Donbass Horror, Moscow Times (29 July 2015)
  9. ^ Spike In Fighting In Eastern Ukraine Threatens Fragile Cease-Fire, Radio Free Europe (1 April 2016)
  10. ^ a b c "Замерзнути у вогні. Що відбувається в Авдіївці?". Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 31 January 2017.
  11. ^ Violence flares in war-weary Ukraine as US dithers and Russia pounces, The Guardian (14 February 2017)
  12. ^ a b "Ukraine clashes rage for third day, sparking EU concern". Agence France-Presse. 31 January 2017. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. An AFP reporter saw the separatists shell the town of about 20,000 people with repeated rounds of Grad multiple rocket systems and artillery fire from the early morning. "Right now, there is no power. We have not resolved problems with heating homes, and the gas pipe has been shattered," local Ukrainian army unit spokeswoman Olena Mokrynchuk told AFP [...] The town's heating is provided by a coke plant that has been heavily damaged by the falling shells. Plant director Musa Magomedov said it would be incredibly difficult to resume gas production were the factory's generators shut down. That would leave Avdiivka without a source of local power and uncertainty about its future.
  13. ^ a b http://pda.pravda.com.ua/news/id_7134509/ In Avdiyivka switched to heating mode stable
  14. ^ "Russian troops target Avdiivka with rocket launcher Smerch". Ukrinform. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  15. ^ "Офіційна сторінка Всеукраїнського перепису населення". Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  16. ^ a b c (in Ukrainian) Avdeevsky tram. Inexpensive legend of world-class industrial transport, Informator (20 September 2018)
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