Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia
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| Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia | |
|---|---|
| Војска Кнежевине Србије | |
.svg) National flag and ensign | |
| Founded | 1830 |
| Disbanded | 1882 |
| Headquarters | Paraćin (June 1876) |
| Leadership | |
| Supreme Commander | Milan I of Serbia |
| Personnel | |
| Active personnel | 124,000[1] (June 1876)[a] |
The Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Оружане снаге Кнежевине Србије, romanized: Oružane snage Kneževine Srbije) or Army of the Principality of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Војска Кнежевине Србије, romanized: Vojska Kneževine Srbije), known as the Serbian Military or Serbian Army (Serbian Cyrillic: Српска војска, romanized: Srpska vojska), was the armed forces of the Principality of Serbia.
Founded in 1830, it became a standing army to take part to the First and Second Serbo Turkish Wars of 1876-1878, the first conflict in the nation modern history, after which the country gained its full independence. It was succeeded by the Royal Serbian Army.
Establishment
A small army was established in 1830 after the Russian victory over the Ottomans in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29), and the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), which re-guaranteed the autonomy of Serbia as per the earlier Akkerman Convention (1826). Serbia’s professional army came out of the personal guard that Prince Miloš Obrenović created in 1830. The first army law of 1839 established that force to 4,000 men and 63 officers.[2] Most officers had attended military schools in Russia, France or Austria. A military academy known as the Artillery School was created on 18 September 1850, its first students graduated in 1855.[3] When Mihailo Obrenović became Prince after his brother's abdication in 1861, he created a National Militia (Narodna Vojska). Serbia's People Army added up to 125,000 men in July 1876 at the start of the First Serbian–Ottoman War.[4]
History
Serbian officers participated in the Serb uprising of 1848–49 and the Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877).[b]
Wars
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878) |  Serbia
|
 Ottoman Empire
|
Victory |
Notes
- ^ Not including volunteer corps of about 5,000 men from neighbouring areas.
- ^ During and after the Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878), between 30,000 and 70,000 Muslims, mostly Albanians, were expelled by the Serbian army from the Sanjak of Niș and fled to the Kosovo Vilayet,[5][6][7][8][9][10] where, with the help of Ottoman Albanian troops, they exacted revenge onto the local Kosovo Serb population who in turn fled Kosovo for Serbia.[11][12][13][14][15][16]
References
- ^ Babac 2015, p. 23.
- ^ Stokes 1990, p. 108.
- ^ Babac 2015, p. 21.
- ^ Stokes 1990, p. 109.
- ^ Pllana, Emin (1985). "Les raisons de la manière de l'exode des refugies albanais du territoire du sandjak de Nish a Kosove (1878–1878) [The reasons for the manner of the exodus of Albanian refugees from the territory of the Sanjak of Niš to Kosovo (1878–1878)] ". Studia Albanica. 1: 189–190.
- ^ Rizaj, Skënder (1981). "Nënte Dokumente angleze mbi Lidhjen Shqiptare të Prizrenit (1878–1880) [Nine English documents about the League of Prizren (1878–1880)]". Gjurmine Albanologjike (Seria e Shkencave Historike). 10: 198.
- ^ Şimşir, Bilal N, (1968). Rumeli’den Türk göçleri. Emigrations turques des Balkans [Turkish emigrations from the Balkans]. Vol I. Belgeler-Documents. p. 737.
- ^ Bataković, Dušan (1992). The Kosovo Chronicles. Plato.
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. p. XXXII. ISBN 9780333666128.
- ^ Stefanović, Djordje (2005). "Seeing the Albanians through Serbian eyes: The Inventors of the Tradition of Intolerance and their Critics, 1804–1939". European History Quarterly. 35 (3): 470.
- ^ Frantz 2009.
- ^ Müller 2009.
- ^ Stefanović 2005.
- ^ Lampe, 2000, p. 55.
- ^ Ahrens & Johns Hopkins University Press 2007, p. 290.
- ^ Filipović, G. (1989). Kosovo--past and Present. Review of International Affairs.
Sources
- Babac, D. (2015). The Serbian Army in the Wars for Independence Against Turkey, 1876-1878. Helion. ISBN 978-1-909982-24-6.
- Stokes, G. (1990). Politics as Development: The Emergence of Political Parties in Nineteenth-century Serbia. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1016-7.
- Milićević, Milić; Popović, Ljubodrag (2003). Генерали војске Кнежевине и Краљевине Србије. Vojnoizdavački zavod.
- Vasić, Pavle (1980). Uniforme srpske vojske: 1808-1918. Jugoslavija.
- Milićević, Milan (1876). Кнежевина Србија: географија, орографија, хидрографија, топографија, аркеологија, историја, етнографија, статистика, просвета, култура, управа.
- Milkić, Miljan (2003). "Специфичности верског живота у војсци Кнежевине–Краљевине Србије". Војно дело.
- Đorđević, Života (1984). Srpska narodna vojska: studija o uređenju narodne vojske Srbije 1861-1864. Narodna knjiga.
- Stanojević, Danilo. Zlatiborci u vojsci Kneževine Srbije: 1815–1878. Istorijski Arhiv, 2008.
- Đorđević, Branislav D. "Training of the Serbian Army." Vojno delo 51.5-6 (1999): 149–165.
- Đukić, Slobodan. "Contribution of the Military Academy to the development of military theory in Serbia in the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century." Vojno delo 67.5 (2015): 401–425.
- Frantz, Eva Anne (2009). "Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 29 (4): 460–461. doi:10.1080/13602000903411366. S2CID 143499467.
- Müller, Dietmar (2009). "Orientalism and Nation: Jews and Muslims as Alterity in Southeastern Europe in the Age of Nation-States, 1878–1941". East Central Europe. 36 (1): 63–99. doi:10.1163/187633009x411485.
- Ahrens, G.H.; Johns Hopkins University Press (2007). Diplomacy on the Edge: Containment of Ethnic Conflict and the Minorities Working Group of the Conferences on Yugoslavia. Woodrow Wilson Center Press Series. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8557-0.
External links
- Bjelajac, Mile (2015). "Tradicija". O Vojsci. Vojska Srbije. Archived from the original on 2016-01-05. Retrieved 2017-05-09.