Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2
![]() Technicians in a clean room at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, check out the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 before the mission’s Dec. 7, 1968, launch. | |
Mission type | Astronomy |
---|---|
Operator | NASA |
COSPAR ID | 1968-110A |
SATCAT no. | 3597 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Manufacturer | Grumman |
Dry mass | 2,012 kilograms (4,436 lb) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 7 December 1968, 08:40:09 | UTC
Rocket | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-36B |
End of mission | |
Last contact | January 1973 |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Perigee altitude | 768 kilometres (477 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 777 kilometres (483 mi) |
Inclination | 35.0 degrees |
Period | 100.30 minutes |
Epoch | 6 January 1969[1] |
The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 (OAO-2, nicknamed Stargazer) was the first successful space telescope (first space telescope being OAO-1, which failed to operate once in orbit), launched on December 7, 1968.[2] An Atlas-Centaur rocket launched it into a nearly circular 750-kilometre (470 mi) altitude Earth orbit.[3] Data was collected in ultraviolet on many sources including comets, planets, and galaxies.[2][4] It had two major instrument sets facing in opposite directions; the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and the Wisconsin Experiment Package (WEP).[4] One discovery was large halos of hydrogen gas around comets,[4] and it also observed Nova Serpentis, which was a nova discovered in 1970.[2]
Celescope: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, also called Celescope, had four 12 inch (30.5 cm) Schwarzschild telescopes that fed into Uvicons.[5] Various filters, photocathodes, and electronics aided in collecting data in several ultraviolet light passbands.[5] The experiment was completed in April 1970.[5] By the time it finished about 10 percent of the sky was observed.[5] The Uvicon was an ultra-violet light detector based on the Westinghouse Vidicon.[6] Ultraviolet light was converted into electrons which were in-turn converted to a voltage as those electrons hit the detection area of the tube.[7] There has been a Uvicon in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution since 1973.[6]
Wisconsin Experiment Package
The Wisconsin Experiment Package had eleven different telescopes for ultraviolet observations.[8] For example, there was a photoelectric photometer fed by a 16-inch (40.64 cm) telescope with a six-position filter wheel.[8] WEP observed over 1200 targets in ultraviolet light before the mission ended in early 1973.[4]
Spacecraft bus
The observatory was built in the shape of an octagonal prism. It measured about 10 by 7 ft (3.0 by 2.1 m) and weighed 4,400 lb (2,000 kg).[9]
See also
References
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Joseph A. Angelo (2014). Spacecraft for Astronomy. Infobase Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4381-0896-4.
- ^ Gunter – OAO-2
- ^ a b c d Orbiting Astronomical Observatory OAO-2
- ^ a b c d High-Resolution Telescopes
- ^ a b "Detector, Uvicon, Celescope". National Air and Space Museum. 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ "Detector, Uvicon, Celescope | National Air and Space Museum". airandspace.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-01-25.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Experiment Package
- ^ "OAO-2". Space Based Telescopes. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
External links
- OAO 2 observations of the Alpha Persei cluster
- OAO-2 Info and pics
- 50th Anniversary Overview of OAO-2 including video