Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)
Lyttelton is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1853 to 1890, and again from 1893 to 1996, when it was replaced by the Banks Peninsula electorate.
Population centres
The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, passed by the British government, allowed New Zealand to establish a representative government. The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853. Lyttelton was one of the initial single-member electorates.[1]
The electorate was in the eastern suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand, and included the port of Lyttelton.
History
The electorate was created in 1853 and existed until 1890. In the 1890 election, the Akaroa electorate covered the town of Lyttelton.[2] The Lyttelton electorate was re-established for the 1893 election and existed until 1996, the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) election, when it was included in the Banks Peninsula electorate.
The nomination meeting for the first election was held on 15 August 1853 at the Reading Room in Lyttelton. The first election was held two days later on a Wednesday at the Resident Magistrate's Office in Lyttelton, with Charles Simeon as Resident Magistrate acting as the returning officer.[3] The election was contested by Christopher Edward Dampier, the solicitor of the Canterbury Association, and James FitzGerald, who in the previous month had been elected Canterbury's first Superintendent. FitzGerald won the election by 55 votes to 45.[4] In the 1855 election, FitzGerald was returned unopposed.[5] FitzGerald represented the electorate until 1857, when he resigned due to ill health.[6]
Crosbie Ward won the resulting by-election in May 1858.[7] Ward was re-elected unopposed on 25 January 1861.[8][9]
Edward Allen Hargreaves won the 1866 election.[10] He resigned in April 1867.[11] Hargreaves was succeeded by George Macfarlan, who was elected unopposed in a 1 July 1867 by-election.[12] Macfarlan died in office on 9 October 1868.[13]
John Thomas Peacock won the 2 November 1868 by-election.[14] At the 1871 election, Peacock was re-elected unopposed.[15] He held the seat until April 1873, when was promoted to the New Zealand Legislative Council (the upper house).[16][17] He resigned from Parliament on 5 April 1873.[18] The resulting by-election on 19 May 1873 was won by his brother in law, Henry Richard Webb, who beat Hugh Murray-Aynsley.[19]
At the 28 December 1875 general election, the Lyttelton electorate was contested by the same two candidates as the 1873 by-election, but this time, Murray-Aynsley was successful.[20][21] Murray-Aynsley was defeated by Harry Allwright in the 1879 general election held on 4 September.[22]
John Joyce represented Lyttelton from 1887 to 1890 and from 1893 to 1899. The electorate was held from 1913 by James McCombs for the Social Democrats and then for Labour; he was succeeded by his wife when he died, and then his son when she also died.
The 1925 general election was contested by Melville Lyons and the incumbent, James McCombs.[23] The original count resulted in a tie of 4,900 votes each. The returning officer gave his casting vote to Lyons and declared him elected. A recount was demanded, and on 3 December 1925, an amended result of 4890 votes for Lyons and 4884 votes for McCombs was determined, with the differences in the counts explained by counting informal votes in a different way.[24] Lyons' election was declared void on 13 March 1926, and the previous holder, McCombs, was restored as the holder of the electorate.[23] The 22nd Parliament had its first sitting on 16 June 1926, hence Lyons had not been sworn in before his election was declared void.[25]
The 1931 election had a close result, with McCombs just 32 votes ahead of the United–Reform Coalition candidate, Christchurch civil engineer Frederick Willie Freeman.[26][27]
The seat has been held by National and Norman Kirk transferred to the safer (for Labour) Sydenham seat in 1969, just as his predecessor Harry Lake transferred to the safer (for National) Fendalton seat in 1960.
Election results
Key
Independent Liberal Social Democrat Labour Reform National
Table footnotes:
Election results
1993 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Ruth Dyson | 9,616 | 40.60 | ||
National | David Carter | 8,939 | 37.74 | ||
Alliance | Ann Lewis | 3,729 | 15.74 | +6.98 | |
NZ First | Ross Gluer | 829 | 3.50 | ||
Christian Heritage | Bruce Burnett | 375 | 1.58 | ||
Natural Law | David Lovell-Smith | 193 | 0.81 | ||
Majority | 677 | 2.85 | |||
Turnout | 23,681 | 87.71 | +0.55 | ||
Registered electors | 26,997 |
1990 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Gail McIntosh | 9,368 | 41.13 | ||
Labour | Peter Simpson | 9,300 | 40.83 | -15.13 | |
NewLabour | Ann Lewis | 1,996 | 8.76 | ||
Green | Cliff Mason | 1,760 | 7.72 | ||
Democrats | Audrey Evans Scott | 141 | 0.61 | ||
Social Credit | Louise Moore | 137 | 0.60 | ||
McGillicuddy Serious | Tom Wells | 74 | 0.32 | ||
Majority | 68 | 0.29 | |||
Turnout | 22,776 | 87.16 | -1.37 | ||
Registered electors | 26,129 |
1987 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Peter Simpson | 12,362 | 55.96 | ||
National | Philip Hall | 8,629 | 39.06 | ||
Democrats | Michael Bruce | 813 | 3.68 | -0.45 | |
NZ Party | A J Roberts | 187 | 0.84 | ||
Imperial British Conservative | P A Swafford | 96 | 0.43 | ||
Majority | 3,733 | 16.90 | |||
Turnout | 22,087 | 88.53 | -4.11 | ||
Registered electors | 24,948 |
1984 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Ann Hercus | 11,994 | 51.52 | -2.47 | |
National | D G Graham | 7,031 | 30.20 | ||
NZ Party | Ross Burrows | 3,291 | 14.13 | ||
Social Credit | Michael Bruce | 962 | 4.13 | -5.86 | |
Majority | 4,963 | 21.32 | +3.34 | ||
Turnout | 23,278 | 92.64 | +1.91 | ||
Registered electors | 25,127 |
1981 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Ann Hercus | 11,685 | 53.99 | +5.43 | |
National | Simon Stamers-Smith | 7,793 | 36.01 | ||
Social Credit | Michael Bruce | 2,163 | 9.99 | ||
Majority | 3,892 | 17.98 | +11.40 | ||
Turnout | 21,641 | 90.73 | +19.93 | ||
Registered electors | 23,852 |
1978 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Ann Hercus | 10,493 | 48.56 | ||
National | Colleen Dewe | 9,070 | 41.98 | -5.90 | |
Social Credit | Louise Moore | 1,294 | 5.98 | ||
Values | H Chambers | 577 | 2.67 | ||
Independent | John Victor Pierson | 153 | 0.70 | ||
Tory | Suzanne Sadler | 17 | 0.07 | ||
Majority | 1,423 | 6.58 | |||
Turnout | 21,604 | 70.80 | -15.09 | ||
Registered electors | 30,510 |
1975 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Colleen Dewe | 10,107 | 47.88 | ||
Labour | Tom McGuigan | 9,108 | 43.15 | -13.73 | |
Values | Peter Heal | 1,300 | 6.15 | ||
Social Credit | Errol Crockett | 592 | 2.80 | ||
Majority | 999 | 4.73 | |||
Turnout | 21,107 | 85.89 | -5.69 | ||
Registered electors | 24,574 |
1972 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom McGuigan | 11,078 | 56.88 | +9.68 | |
National | John Blumsky | 7,843 | 40.27 | ||
Social Credit | Joe Pounsford | 472 | 2.42 | ||
Liberal Reform | W J Jamieson | 52 | 0.26 | ||
New Democratic | Robert Ramsay Scarth | 31 | 0.15 | ||
Majority | 3,235 | 16.61 | +15.05 | ||
Turnout | 19,476 | 91.58 | -0.18 | ||
Registered electors | 21,266 |
1969 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom McGuigan | 8,800 | 47.20 | ||
National | Peter de Latour | 8,508 | 45.63 | +5.83 | |
Social Credit | Terry Huggins | 1,042 | 5.58 | ||
Majority | 292 | 1.56 | |||
Turnout | 18,642 | 91.76 | +4.12 | ||
Registered electors | 20,315 |
1966 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman Kirk | 9,045 | 52.00 | -2.04 | |
National | Peter de Latour | 6,924 | 39.80 | ||
Social Credit | Cliff Munnings | 1,424 | 8.18 | +1.11 | |
Majority | 2,121 | 12.19 | -2.97 | ||
Turnout | 17,393 | 87.64 | -4.51 | ||
Registered electors | 19,844 |
1963 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman Kirk | 9,539 | 54.04 | +6.35 | |
National | Tom Flint | 6,862 | 38.87 | ||
Social Credit | Cliff Munnings | 1,249 | 7.07 | +0.81 | |
Majority | 2,677 | 15.16 | +13.60 | ||
Turnout | 17,650 | 92.15 | -0.53 | ||
Registered electors | 19,153 |
1960 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman Kirk | 7,910 | 47.65 | -1.00 | |
National | Jim Hay | 7,650 | 46.08 | ||
Social Credit | Cliff Munnings | 1,040 | 6.26 | ||
Majority | 260 | 1.56 | -1.86 | ||
Turnout | 16,600 | 92.68 | -1.93 | ||
Registered electors | 17,911 |
1957 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman Kirk | 8,064 | 48.65 | ||
National | Harry Lake | 7,497 | 45.23 | +2.94 | |
Social Credit | Wilfrid Owen | 1,014 | 6.11 | -12.21 | |
Majority | 567 | 3.42 | |||
Turnout | 16,575 | 94.61 | -3.01 | ||
Registered electors | 17,519 |
1954 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Harry Lake | 6,175 | 42.29 | -8.15 | |
Labour | Tom McGuigan | 6,151 | 42.12 | ||
Social Credit | Wilfrid Owen | 2,675 | 18.32 | ||
Majority | 24 | 0.16 | -0.73 | ||
Turnout | 14,601 | 91.90 | +2.24 | ||
Registered electors | 15,887 |
1951 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Harry Lake | 7,480 | 50.44 | ||
Labour | Terry McCombs | 7,347 | 49.55 | -3.81 | |
Majority | 133 | 0.89 | |||
Turnout | 14,827 | 89.36 | -2.51 | ||
Registered electors | 16,591 |
1949 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 7,758 | 53.36 | -1.50 | |
National | Richard Ralph Beauchamp | 6,780 | 46.63 | ||
Majority | 978 | 6.72 | -4.30 | ||
Turnout | 14,538 | 91.87 | +1.55 | ||
Registered electors | 15,824 |
1946 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 7,682 | 54.86 | +3.05 | |
National | Ted Taylor | 6,319 | 45.13 | +3.77 | |
Majority | 1,543 | 11.02 | +0.57 | ||
Turnout | 14,001 | 90.32 | +0.82 | ||
Registered electors | 15,500 |
1943 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 6,817 | 51.81 | -9.58 | |
National | Ted Taylor | 5,443 | 41.37 | ||
Democratic Labour | Malcolm Frederick Nottage | 781 | 5.94 | ||
Real Democracy | Leonard Alexander Jarden | 117 | 0.89 | ||
Informal votes | 124 | 0.93 | 0.53 | ||
Majority | 1,374 | 10.44 | -12.34 | ||
Turnout | 13,282 | 84.04 | -9.10 | ||
Registered electors | 15,805 |
1938 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 8,041 | 61.39 | 2.68 | |
National | Isaac Wilson | 5,057 | 38.61 | ||
Majority | 2,984 | 22.78 | -0.61 | ||
Informal votes | 53 | 0.40 | -0.19 | ||
Turnout | 13,151 | 93.14 | 7.87 | ||
Registered electors | 14,120 |
1935 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 6,965 | 58.71 | 0.06 | |
United/Reform | Seton Fulton Marshall | 4,190 | 35.32 | ||
Democrat | Benjamin Henry Riseley | 709 | 5.98 | ||
Majority | 2,775 | 23.39 | 4.49 | ||
Informal votes | 71 | 0.59 | |||
Turnout | 11,935 | 85.27 | |||
Registered electors | 13,997 |
1935 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terry McCombs | 5,437 | 58.65 | ||
United/Reform | Melville Lyons | 3,685 | 39.75 | ||
Independent Labour | Edward Hills | 103 | 1.11 | ||
Independent | G.S. Hamilton | 46 | 0.50 | ||
Majority | 1752 | 18.9 | -6.75 | ||
Turnout | 9,271 | 67.43[40] |
1933 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Elizabeth McCombs | 6,344 | 61.66 | 11.89 | |
United/Reform | Frederick Freeman | 3,675 | 35.72 | -13.76 | |
Independent Labour | Edward Hills | 269 | 2.61 | ||
Majority | 2,669 | 25.94 | +25.65 | ||
Turnout | 10,288 | 74.98 |
1931 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | James McCombs | 5,404 | 49.77 | ||
Reform | Frederick Willie Freeman | 5,372 | 49.47 | ||
Independent | William Ling Page | 83 | 0.76 | ||
Majority | 32 | 0.29 | |||
Informal votes | 71 | 0.65 | |||
Turnout | 10,930 | 86.57 | |||
Registered electors | 12,625 |
1928 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | James McCombs | 5,022 | 46.53 | -3.52 | |
Reform | John Beanland | 3,036 | 28.13 | ||
United | William Thomas Lester | 2,734 | 25.33 | ||
Majority | 1,986 | 18.40 | 18.29 | ||
Informal votes | 88 | 0.81 | -0.26 | ||
Turnout | 10,880 | 90.27 | -0.85 | ||
Registered electors | 12,053 |
1925 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | James McCombs[nb 1] | 4,900 | 50.06 | -3.39 | |
Reform | Melville Lyons | 4,889 | 49.94 | ||
Majority | 11 | 0.11 | -6.78 | ||
Informal votes | 106 | 1.07 | -0.19 | ||
Turnout | 9,895 | 91.12 | 0.73 | ||
Registered electors | 10,859 |
1922 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | James McCombs | 4,758 | 53.45 | 12.27 | |
Reform | Robert Macartney | 4,144 | 46.55 | 13.30 | |
Majority | 614 | 6.90 | -1.03 | ||
Informal votes | 114 | 1.26 | -0.71 | ||
Turnout | 9,016 | 90.40 | 6.99 | ||
Registered electors | 9,974 |
1919 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | James McCombs | 2,999 | 41.18 | -20.31 | |
Reform | Robert Macartney | 2,422 | 33.26 | ||
Liberal | William Thomas Lester | 1,277 | 17.53 | ||
Liberal | Harry Ell | 585 | 8.03 | ||
Majority | 577 | 7.92 | -15.06 | ||
Informal votes | 147 | 1.98 | 0.49 | ||
Turnout | 7,430 | 83.41 | -0.44 | ||
Registered electors | 8,908 |
1914 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democrat | James McCombs | 4,276 | 61.49 | 9.24 | |
Reform | Malcolm Miller | 2,678 | 38.51 | -9.24 | |
Majority | 1,598 | 22.98 | 18.48 | ||
Informal votes | 105 | 1.49 | |||
Turnout | 7,059 | 83.85 | |||
Registered electors | 8,419 |
1913 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democrat | James McCombs | 2,075 | 42.20 | ||
Reform | Malcolm Miller | 1,560 | 31.73 | ||
Liberal | James Laurenson | 922 | 18.75 | ||
Independent Liberal | Henry Thacker | 263 | 5.35 | ||
Independent | William Radcliffe | 97 | 1.97 | ||
Turnout | 4,917 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democrat | James McCombs | 2,628 | 52.25 | ||
Reform | Malcolm Miller | 2,402 | 47.75 | ||
Majority | 226 | 4.50 | |||
Turnout | 5,030 | ||||
Social Democrat gain from Liberal | Swing |
1911 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Laurenson | 4,160 | 66.66 | 9.76 | |
Independent Liberal | Colin Cook | 2,081 | 33.34 | ||
Majority | 2,079 | 33.31 | 19.51 | ||
Informal votes | 79 | 1.25 | 0.47 | ||
Turnout | 6,320 | 83.85 | 0.27 | ||
Registered electors | 7,537 |
1908 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Laurenson | 3,682 | 56.90 | 9.21 | |
Independent Liberal | Henry Thacker | 2,789 | 43.10 | ||
Majority | 893 | 13.80 | -7.47 | ||
Informal votes | 51 | 0.78 | |||
Turnout | 6,522 | 83.58 | -2.92 | ||
Registered electors | 7,803 |
1905 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Laurenson | 2,515 | 47.69 | -30.09 | |
Liberal | William Radcliffe | 1,393 | 26.41 | ||
Conservative | Charles Lord Russell | 967 | 18.34 | ||
Conservative | Samuel R. Webb | 399 | 7.57 | ||
Majority | 1,122 | 21.27 | -34.28 | ||
Informal votes | 121 | 2.24 | |||
Turnout | 5,395 | 86.50 | 6.15 | ||
Registered electors | 6,237 |
1902 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Laurenson | 3,041 | 77.77 | 2.50 | |
Liberal | William Rollitt | 869 | 22.23 | ||
Majority | 2,172 | 55.55 | 5.01 | ||
Turnout | 3,910 | 80.35 | 6.26 | ||
Registered electors | 4,866 |
1899 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Laurenson | 2,700 | 75.27 | ||
Conservative | William Jacques | 887 | 24.73 | ||
Majority | 1,813 | 50.54 | |||
Informal votes | |||||
Registered electors | 4,841 | ||||
Turnout | 3,587 | 74.10 |
1896 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Joyce | 1,734 | 49.83 | -18.12 | |
Conservative | William Jacques | 1,288 | 37.01 | ||
Independent Liberal | Samuel R. Webb | 458 | 13.16 | ||
Majority | 446 | 12.82 | |||
Informal votes | |||||
Registered electors | 4,285[55] | ||||
Turnout |
1893 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Joyce | 1,895 | 67.95 | ||
Liberal | Edwin Blake | 854 | 30.62 | ||
Independent | John Moncrieff Douglass | 40 | 1.43 | ||
Majority | 1,041 | 37.33 | |||
Informal votes | |||||
Turnout | 2,789 | 77.71 | |||
Registered electors | 3,589 |
1887 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | John Joyce | 613 | 59.75 | ||
Independent | Harry Allwright | 413 | 40.25 | -7.49 | |
Majority | 200 | 19.49 | 13.67 | ||
Turnout | 1,026 | 74.08 | -11.05 | ||
Registered electors | 1,385 |
1884 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Harry Allwright | 328 | 47.74 | 13.35 | |
Independent | Samuel R. Webb | 288 | 41.92 | 9.25 | |
Independent | E. M. Clissold | 71 | 10.33 | ||
Majority | 40 | 5.82 | 4.36 | ||
Turnout | 687 | 85.13 | 5.87 | ||
Registered electors | 807 |
1881 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Harry Allwright | 259 | 34.40 | -17.78 | |
Independent | Edward Richardson | 248 | 32.93 | ||
Independent | Samuel R. Webb | 246 | 32.67 | ||
Majority | 11 | 1.46 | -2.89 | ||
Turnout | 753 | 79.26 | -1.47 | ||
Registered electors | 950 |
1879 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Harry Allwright | 192 | 52.17 | ||
Independent | Hugh Murray-Aynsley | 176 | 47.83 | -8.68 | |
Majority | 16 | 4.35 | -8.66 | ||
Informal votes | 5 | 1.34 | |||
Turnout | 373 | 80.74 | 4.34 | ||
Registered electors | 462 |
1875 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Hugh Murray-Aynsley | 139 | 56.50 | 7.98 | |
Independent | Henry Richard Webb | 107 | 43.50 | -7.98 | |
Majority | 32 | 13.01 | 10.06 | ||
Turnout | 246 | 76.40 | |||
Registered electors | 322 |
1873 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Henry Richard Webb | 122 | 51.48 | ||
Independent | Hugh Murray-Aynsley | 115 | 48.52 | ||
Turnout | 237 | ||||
Majority | 7 | 2.95 |
1866 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Edward Hargreaves | 107 | 60.80 | ||
Independent | Henry Sewell | 69 | 39.20 | ||
Majority | 38 | 21.59 | |||
Turnout | 176 | 48.09 | |||
Registered electors | 366 |
1853 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | James FitzGerald | 55 | 55.0% | ||
Independent | Christopher Edward Dampier | 45 | 45.0% | ||
Majority | 10 | 10.0% | |||
Turnout | 100 | 80.0% | |||
Registered electors | 125 |
Footnotes
- ^ Melville Lyons was elected for the Reform Party, originally the votes were equal (4900), then a recount found for Lyons. But on appeal his election was declared void on 13 March 1926, and the previous holder, James McCombs, was restored as the electorate representative.
Notes
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 29f.
- ^ "Akaroa-cum-Lyttelton". The Star. No. 7029. 6 December 1890. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ "Public Notice". Lyttelton Times. Vol. III, no. 134. 30 July 1853. p. 1. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Lyttelton Election". Lyttelton Times. Vol. III, no. 137. 20 August 1853. p. 6. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "The Lyttelton Times". Lyttelton Times. Vol. V, no. 328. 2 December 1855. p. 6. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ McIntyre, W. David. "FitzGerald, James Edward". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Rice, Geoffrey W. "Ward, Crosbie". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Canterbury". Wellington Independent. Vol. XVI, no. 1495. 8 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Local Intelligence". Lyttelton Times. Vol. XV, no. 857. 26 January 1861. p. 4. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Lyttelton election". The Press. Vol. IX, no. 1036. 5 March 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 112.
- ^ "Lyttelton Election". Press. Vol. XII, no. 1450. 2 July 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 122.
- ^ "Election of a Member for Lyttelton". The Star. No. 148. 2 November 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ "Lyttelton election". The Star. No. 823. 16 January 1871. p. 3. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ "The Evening Post. Thursday, April 3, 1873". The Evening Post. Vol. IX, no. 44. 3 April 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
- ^ "Local and General". The Star. No. 1600. 7 April 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
- ^ "Local and General". The Star. No. 1599. 5 April 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
- ^ "Lyttelton Election". The Star. No. 1634. 20 May 1873. p. 3. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
- ^ "Lyttelton Polling". The Star. No. 2424. Lyttelton. 29 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Lyttelton polling". The Press. Vol. XXIV, no. 3222. 29 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ "The General Elections". The Star. No. 3558. 5 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 213.
- ^ "Lyttelton Recount". The Evening Post. Vol. CX, no. 135. 4 December 1925. p. 9. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 141.
- ^ a b The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "General Election, 1931". Akaroa Mail and Banks Peninsula Advertiser. Vol. LV, no. 5635. 27 November 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 56.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 58.
- ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, p. 264.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, p. 263.
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- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 92.
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- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 88.
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References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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