Tick–tock model
Tick–tock was a production model adopted in 2007 by chip manufacturer Intel. Under this model, every microarchitecture change (tock) was followed by a die shrink of the process technology (tick). It was replaced by the process–architecture–optimization model, which was announced in 2016 and is like a tick–tock cycle followed by an optimization phase. As a general engineering model, tick–tock is a model that refreshes one side of a binary system each release cycle.
History
Every "tick" represented a shrinking of the process technology of the previous microarchitecture (sometimes introducing new instructions, as with Broadwell, released in late 2014) and every "tock" designated a new microarchitecture.[1] These occurred roughly every year to 18 months.[2] In 2014, Intel created a "tock refresh" of a tock in the form of a smaller update to the microarchitecture[3] not considered a new generation in and of itself.
In March 2016, Intel announced in a Form 10-K report that it deprecated the tick–tock cycle in favor of a three-step process–architecture–optimization model, under which three generations of processors are produced under a single manufacturing process, with the third generation out of three focusing on optimization.[4] The first optimization of the Skylake architecture was Kaby Lake. Intel then announced a second optimization, Coffee Lake,[5] making a total of four generations at 14 nm.[6]
Roadmap
Pentium 4 / Core roadmap
Change (step) |
Fabrication process |
Micro- architecture |
Code names for step |
Intel Generation Desktop |
Intel Generation Xeon |
Intel Microcode shortcut(s) Desktop/WS[7][8] |
Intel Microcode shortcut(s) Xeon/Server |
Release date |
Processors | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8P/4P Server | 4P/2P Server/WS | Embedded Xeon | 1P Xeon | Enthusiast/WS | Desktop | Mobile | |||||||||
Tick (new fabrica- tion process) |
65 nm | P6, NetBurst | Yonah (P6), Presler (NetBurst), Cedar Mill (NetBurst) |
— | 1995-11-1 (P6), 2000-11-20 (Netburst) |
— | — | — | Presler (NetBurst) | Cedar Mill (NetBurst) | Yonah (P6) | ||||
Tock (new micro- architecture) |
Core | Merom[9] | 2006-07-27[10][11] | Tigerton | Woodcrest Clovertown |
Kentsfield | Conroe | Merom | |||||||
Tick | 45 nm | Penryn | 2007-11-11[12] | Dunnington | Harpertown | Yorkfield | Wolfdale | Penryn | |||||||
Tock | Nehalem | Nehalem | 1 | — | NHM[13] | — | 2008-11-17[14] | Beckton | Gainestown | Lynnfield | Bloomfield | Lynnfield | Clarksfield | ||
Tick | 32 nm | Westmere | 1 | WSM[13] | 2010-01-04[15][16] | Westmere-EX | Westmere-EP | — | Gulftown | Clarkdale | Arrandale | ||||
Tock | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge | 2 | 1 | SNB | JKT (Jaketown) | 2011-01-09[17] | (Skipped)[18] | Sandy Bridge-EP | Gladden | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge-E | Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge-M | |
Tick | 22 nm[19] | Ivy Bridge | 3 | 2 | IVB | IVT (Ivytown) | 2012-04-29 | Ivy Bridge-EX[20] | Ivy Bridge-EP[20] | Gladden | Ivy Bridge | Ivy Bridge-E[21] | Ivy Bridge | Ivy Bridge-M | |
Tock | Haswell | Haswell | 4 | 3 | HSW, CRW (Crystal Well) with Iris Pro[22][23] |
HSX | 2013-06-02 | Haswell-EX | Haswell-EP | — | Haswell-DT | Haswell-E | Haswell-DT[24] | Haswell-MB (notebooks) Haswell-LP (ultrabooks)[24] | |
Refresh | Haswell Refresh, Devil's Canyon[25] |
4 | — | HSW, CRW (Crystal Well) with Iris Pro[22][23] |
—} | 2014-05-11, 2014-06-02 |
No server version released | Devil's Canyon | No mobile version released | ||||||
Tick (Process) | 14 nm[19] | Broadwell[26] | 5 | 4 | BDW | BDX | 2014-09-05 | Broadwell-EX[27] | Broadwell-EP[27] | Broadwell-DE | Broadwell-DT | Broadwell-E | Broadwell-DT | Broadwell-H Broadwell-U Broadwell-Y | |
Tock (Architecture) | Skylake[26] | Skylake[26] | 6 | 5 | SKL | SKX | 2015-08-05[28] | Skylake-SP | Skylake-DE | Skylake-DT/H | Skylake-X | Skylake | Skylake-H Skylake-U Skylake-Y | ||
Optimization (Refresh) [4][29][30][31] |
Kaby Lake[32] | 7 | 6 | KBL | — | 2017-01-03[33] | Only 1P server (Xeon E3) version released | Kaby Lake-DT/H cores: 4 (4/8) |
Kaby Lake-X[34] | Kaby Lake | Kaby Lake-H Kaby Lake-U Kaby Lake-Y | ||||
Kaby Lake R[35][36] | 8 | — | KBL-R | 2017-08-21[36] | Only mobile version released | Kaby Lake R | |||||||||
Coffee Lake | 8, 9[37] | E-2xxx | CFL | 2017-10-05[38] | Cascade Lake-SP Cooper Lake (Q2'20) |
Cascade Lake-AP | Coffee Lake-DT/H cores: 6 (12) |
Skylake-X Refresh | Coffee Lake-S Coffee Lake-R |
Coffee Lake-H Coffee Lake-U Coffee Lake-H Refresh | |||||
Whiskey Lake, Amber Lake[39] |
8 | — | WHL AML |
2018-08-28[39] | Only mobile version released | Whiskey Lake-U Amber Lake-Y | |||||||||
Comet Lake[40] | 10 | CML | 2019-08-21[40] | No server version released | Comet Lake-W | Comet Lake-S | Comet Lake-H Comet Lake-U | ||||||||
Architecture | Cypress Cove[41] | Rocket Lake[41] | 11 | RKL | 2021-03-30[42] | — | Rocket Lake-S | — | |||||||
Process | 10 nm | Palm Cove | Cannon Lake | 8 | CNL | 2018-05-16[43] | Only mobile version released | Cannon Lake-U | |||||||
Architecture | Sunny Cove | Ice Lake[44] | 10 | 3 | ICL | 2019-08-01[45] | Ice Lake-SP (1H21)[46] | — | Ice Lake-U Ice Lake-Y | ||||||
Optimization[31] | Willow Cove | Tiger Lake[31] | 11 | — | TGL | 2020-09-02[47] | Only mobile version released | Tiger Lake-H35 Tiger Lake-UP3 Tiger Lake-UP4 | |||||||
Architecture | Intel 7 | Golden Cove | Alder Lake | 12 | ADL | 2021-11-04 | No server / WS version released | Alder Lake-S | Alder Lake-H Alder Lake-P Alder Lake-U | ||||||
Sapphire Rapids[48] | — | 4 | — | SPR | 2022 | Sapphire Rapids-SP | TBA | Only server / WS version released | |||||||
Optimization | TBA | Raptor Lake | 13 | — | RPL | — | 2022 | No server / WS version released | TBA | ||||||
Emerald Rapids | — | 5 | — | EMR | 2023 | Emerald Rapids-SP | TBA | Only server / WS version released | |||||||
Tick | Intel 4[49] | Meteor Lake[50] | 14 | — | MTL | — | 2023 | No server / WS version released | TBA | ||||||
Tick | Intel 3 | Granite Rapids[51] | — | 6 | — | GNR | 2024 | Granite Rapids-SP | TBA | Only server / WS version released | |||||
Tick | Intel 20A | Arrow Lake[52] | 15 | — | ARL | — | 2024 | No server / WS version released | TBA | ||||||
Tick | Intel 18A | Lunar Lake | 16 | — | LNL | — | TBA | No server / WS version released | TBA | ||||||
Change (step) |
Fabrication process |
Micro- architecture |
Code names for step |
Intel Generation Desktop |
Intel Generation Xeon |
Intel Microcode shortcut(s) Desktop/WS[7][8] |
Intel Microcode shortcut(s) Xeon/Server |
Release date |
8P/4P Server | 4P/2P Server/WS | Embedded Xeon | 1P Xeon | Enthusiast/WS | Desktop | Mobile |
Processors |
Atom roadmap
With Silvermont Intel tried to start Tick-Tock in Atom architecture but problems with the 10 nm process did not allow to do this. In the table below instead of Tick-Tock steps Process-Architecture-Optimization are used. There is no official confirmation that Intel uses Process-Architecture-Optimization for Atom but it allows us to understand what changes happened in each generation.
Change | Fabrication process |
Micro- architecture (Abbr.)[13] |
Code names for step |
Release date |
Processors/SoCs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MID, Smartphone | Tablet | Netbook | Nettop | Embedded | Server | CE | |||||
Process / Architecture | 45 nm | Bonnell (BNL) | Bonnell | 2008 | Silverthorne | — | Diamondville | — | — | — | |
Optimization | Bonnell | 2010 | Lincroft | Pineview | Tunnel Creek Stellarton |
— | Sodaville Groveland | ||||
Process | 32 nm | Saltwell | 2011 | Medfield (Penwell & Lexington) & Clover Trail+ (Cloverview) | Clover Trail (Cloverview) | Cedar Trail (Cedarview) | — | Centerton & Briarwood | Berryville | ||
Process / Architecture | 22 nm | Silvermont (SLM) | Silvermont | 2013 | Merrifield (Tangier)[54] & Moorefield (Anniedale)[55] & Slayton | Bay Trail-T (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-M (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-D (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-I (Valleyview) |
Avoton Rangeley |
Unknown |
Process | 14 nm[53] | Airmont | 2014 | Binghamton & Riverton | Cherry Trail-T (Cherryview)[56] | Braswell[57] | Denverton![]() |
Unknown | |||
Architecture | Goldmont[58] (GLM) |
Goldmont | 2016 | Broxton ![]() |
Broxton ![]() Apollo Lake |
Apollo Lake | Apollo Lake | Unknown | Denverton | Unknown | |
Architecture | Goldmont Plus (GLM+, GLP) |
Goldmont Plus | 2017 | Unknown | Gemini Lake | Gemini Lake | Gemini Lake | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
Optimization | Goldmont Plus | 2019 | Unknown | Gemini Lake Refresh | Gemini Lake Refresh | Gemini Lake Refresh | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||
Process / Architecture | 10 nm | Tremont | Tremont | 2020 | Unknown | Jasper Lake | Jasper Lake | Jasper Lake | Elkhart Lake | Snow Ridge | Unknown |
Architecture | Intel 7 | Gracemont | Gracemont | 2021 | Unknown | Unknown | Alder Lake (hybrid) | Unknown | Unknown | ||
Process / Architecture | Intel 3 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Sierra Forest-AP | Unknown |
Note: There is further the Xeon Phi. It has up to now undergone four development steps with a current top model that got the code name Knights Landing (shortcut: KNL;[13] the predecessor code names all had the leading term Knights in their name) that is derived from the Silvermont architecture as used for the Intel Atom series but realized in a shrunk 14 nm (FinFET) technology.[59]
Both
See also
References
- ^ "Intel Tick–Tock Model". Intel.com. Intel Corporation.
- ^ "Intel tick–tock model". intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
A yearly product cadence moves the industry forward in a predictable fashion that can be planned in advance.
- ^ "Intel Haswell Refresh Processors Codenamed Devil's Canyon - Launching in Mid 2014 With Unlocked Design and Improved TIM". Wccftech.com. 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ a b "Intel's 'Tick–Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process–Architecture–Optimization'". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ "Intel Official News on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ "Intel's 8th-gen 'Coffee Lake' chips reuse 14nm process as other Core CPUs ease into new tech". PC World. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ a b Intel Releases Linux CPU Microcodes To fix Meltdown & Spectre Bugs by Lawrence Abrams on January 11, 2018
- ^ a b Linux* Processor Microcode Data File Version 20180312 on 3/12/2018
- ^ Crothers, Brooke (2009-02-10). "Intel moves up rollout of new chips | Nanotech - The Circuits Blog". CNet.com. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- ^ "Intel CEO: Latest Platforms, Processors Form New Foundations For Digital Entertainment And Wireless Computing". Intel.com. Intel Corporation.
- ^ "Intel Unveils World's Best Processor". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation.
- ^ "Intel Unveils 16 Next-Generation Processors, Including First Notebook Chips Built on 45nm Technology". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 7, 2008.
- ^ a b c d "X86 / Amd64 library". GitHub. 25 October 2021.
- ^ "Intel Launches Fastest Processor on the Planet". Intel.com (Press release). Intel Corporation. November 17, 2008.
- ^ Bohr, Mark (February 10, 2009). "Intel 32nm Technology" (PDF). Intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ "Revolutionizing How We Use Technology—Today and Beyond". Intel.com. Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation.
- ^ Crothers, Brooke (November 15, 2010). "Intel Sandy Bridge chip coming January 5". CNet.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Pop, Sebastian (April 9, 2012). "Intel Ivy Bridge CPU Range Complete by Next Year". Softpedia.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ a b Bohr, Mark; Mistry, Kaizad (May 2011). "Intel's Revolutionary 22 nm Transistor Technology" (PDF). Intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ a b Novakovic, Nebojsa (April 9, 2012). "Ivy Bridge EP and EX coming up in a year's time – the multi-socket platform heaven". VR-Zone.com. VR Zone AP Pte. Ltd. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Knight, Shawn (March 19, 2012). "Ivy Bridge-E Delayed Until Second Half of 2013". techspot.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ a b Products formerly Crystal Well at Intel web page
- ^ a b What is Crystalwell? by Matt Egan on OCT 31, 2013 at macworld.com
- ^ a b "Leaked specifications of Haswell GT1/GT2/GT3 IGP". TechNewsPedia.com. 2012-05-20. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- ^ "Intel Core i7-4790K: Devils Canyon mit bis zu 4,4 GHz, ohne verlöteten Deckel" [Intel Core i7-4790K: Devils Canyon with up to 4.4 GHz, without soldered lid]. golem.de (in German). June 3, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ a b c Demerjian, Charlie (March 31, 2011). "After Intel's Haswell comes Broadwell". SemiAccurate.com. Stone Arch Networking Services, Inc. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ a b Shilov, Anton (August 21, 2015). "Intel to release 22-core Xeon E5 v4 'Broadwell-EP' late in 2015". KitGuru.net. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Carey, Gabe (July 7, 2015). "The wait for Skylake is almost over, first desktop chips likely to hit August 5". DigitalTrends.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ "Intel 14nm Kaby Lake "Skylake Refresh" Platform Detailed – Launching in 2H 2016, 256 MB eDRAM H-Series and 91W K-Series Unveiled". wccftech.com. July 2015.
The Kaby Lake platform will be similar to Skylake platform that launches this year and will act as a platform refresher
- ^ "Intel Releasing 14nm Kaby Lake Processor in 2016 Ahead of 10nm Cannonlake". legitreviews.com. 2015-07-08.
We have long known that Intel was planning a 'Skylake Refresh' that has always been on the roadmap between Skylake and Cannonlake, but it appears that refresh might be going by the code name Kaby lake now.
- ^ a b c Mujtaba, Hassan (January 20, 2016). "Intel's Cannonlake CPUs To Be Succeeded By 10nm Ice Lake Family in 2018 and 10nm Tiger Lake Family in 2019". WCCFTech.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Bright, Peter (July 15, 2015). "Intel confirms tick–tock shattering Kaby Lake processor as Moore's Law falters". ArsTechnica.com.
the switch to 10nm manufacturing has been delayed until the second half of 2017.
- ^ Walton, Jarred (January 4, 2017). "Intel's Kaby Lake: Everything you need to know". PCGamer.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Today marks the official launch date of the desktop S-series 7th Generation Core processors...
- ^ "Intel Core X-series Processors Product Specifications". Intel ARK (Product Specs). Retrieved 2017-10-05.
- ^ Products formerly Kaby Lake R
- ^ a b Ngo, Allen (August 21, 2017). "Intel Core i5-8250U, i5-8350U, i7-8550U, and i7-8650U Kaby Lake-R series launches today". Notebookcheck.
Intel Core i5-8250U, i5-8350U, i7-8550U, and i7-8650U Kaby Lake-R launches today (Source: Intel)
- ^ "Products formerly Coffee Lake".
- ^ "Intel Unveils the 8th Gen Intel Core Processor Family for Desktop, Featuring Intel's Best Gaming Processor Ever | Intel Newsroom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
- ^ a b "New 8th Gen Intel Core Processors Optimize Connectivity, Great Performance, Battery Life for Laptops | Intel Newsroom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ a b "Intel Expands 10th Gen Intel Core Mobile Processor Family, Offering Double Digit Performance Gains". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ^ a b "Intel Previews 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake: Core i9-11900K and Z590, Coming Q1". 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ "11th Gen Intel Core: Unmatched Overclocking, Game Performance". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ Tyson, Mark. "Intel Core i3-8121U 10nm processor hits ARK database". HEXUS.net. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
- ^ Eassa, Ashraf (January 18, 2016). "What's the Name of Intel's Third 10-Nanometer Chip? This Fool has learned the code name of the follow-on to Intel's Icelake processor". Fool.com; The Motley Fool. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ "Intel Launches First 10th Gen Intel Core Processors: Redefining the Next Era of Laptop Experiences". Retrieved 2019-08-07.
- ^ "Intel Confirms 10nm Ice Lake Xeon Production Has Started". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ "Intel Launches World's Best Processor for Thin-and-Light Laptops: 11th Gen Intel Core". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ "Intel Confirms 10nm Ice Lake Xeon Production Has Started". Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ Tyson, Mark (2012-05-15). "Intel currently developing 14nm, aiming towards 5nm chips". HEXUS.net. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- ^ James, Dave (2021-03-23). "Meteor Lake, Intel's first 7nm CPU, to tape in before July this year and release in 2023". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
- ^ "Intel reveals the design of Alder Lake, Sapphire Rapids, Meteor Lake and Granite Rapids CPUs". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ "Intel Client & Server CPU Roadmap Updates: Meteor Lake In 2023, 20A & 18A Powered Xeons & Core Chips Beyond 2024". Wccftech. 17 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Lal Shimpi, Anand (May 6, 2013). "Intel's Silvermont Architecture Revealed: Getting Serious About Mobile". AnandTech.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Hiroshige, Goto. "Intel Products for Tablets & SmartPhones" (PDF). Impress.co.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-14.
- ^ "Import Data and Price of Anniedale". zauba.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ Kazuaki Kasahara (November 30, 2012). "アウトオブオーダーと最新プロセスを採用する今後のAtom" [Future Atom adopting out-of-order and latest process]. Impress.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- ^ "Products (Formerly Braswell)". Ark.Intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
- ^ Smith, Ryan; Cutress, Ian (29 April 2016). "Intel's Changing Future: Smartphone SoCs Broxton & SoFIA Officially Canceled". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ Intel veröffentlicht Xeon Phi mit bis zu 7 Teraflops
External links
- "Intel Tick–Tock Model of Architecture & Silicon Cadence". intel.com. Intel Corporation.
- Intel Tick–Tock Model at IDF 2009, Anandtech.com
- "Intel Tick–Tock Model at IDF 2011" (PDF). intel.com. Intel Corporation. p. 21.
fr:Intel#Stratégies tic-tac et processus-architecture-optimisation