Justice League

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Justice League
File:JLA-AlexRoss.jpg
The seven original members of the Justice League: Green Lantern, Flash, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman and Martian Manhunter. Art by Alex Ross.
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceThe Brave and the Bold #28 (March 1960)
Created byGardner Fox
In-story information
Base(s)The Hall
Watchtower
Satellite
Secret Sanctuary
Detroit Bunker
The Refuge
JLI Embassies
Roster
See: List of Justice League members

The Justice League (also known as The Justice League of America) are a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The team first appeared in The Brave and the Bold #28 (March 1960). The team was conceived by writer Gardner Fox as a revival of the Justice Society of America, a similar team from DC Comics from the 1940s which had been pulled out of print due to a decline in sales.

The Justice League is an all-star ensemble cast of established superhero characters from DC Comics' portfolio. Diegetically, these superheroes usually operate independently but occasionally assemble as a team to tackle especially formidable villains. This in contrast to certain other superhero teams such as the X-Men, whose characters were created specifically to be part of the team, with the team being central to their identity. The cast of the Justice League usually features a few highly popular characters who have their own solo books, such as Superman, alongside a number of lesser-known characters who benefit from exposure, such as Cyborg.[1] The Justice League was created to boost the profiles and sales of said characters through cross-promotion and helped develop the DC Universe as a shared universe, as it is through teams like the Justice League that the setting's characters regularly interact with each other.[2]

Beyond comic books, the Justice League has been adapted to a number of television shows, movies, and video games.

Fictional overview

Members

Main article: List of Justice League members

The members of the Justice League are heroes who normally operate independently but who occasionally team up to tackle especially formidable villains. This is in contrast to teams such as the X-Men or the Fantastic Four, who normally operate as a team and for whom the team is central to their identity.

Most versions of the Justice League feature a select cast of highly popular characters from the DC Comics portfolio, such as Superman and Batman, to attract readers with their star power; and they often co-feature a few lesser-known characters who benefit from exposure, such as Cyborg or Black Canary. DC Comics has in several periods deviated from this formula, most notably in the late 1980s and early 1990s with books such as Justice League International, which deliberately featured a cast of lesser-known characters. The advantage of this was that lesser-known characters are not burdened by convoluted continuities, which gives writers more creative flexibility to write character-driven stories. This was done to emulate the model of Marvel Comics' X-Men books, whose stories were more character-driven and which favored more obscure or even new characters.

The Justice League is an independent group, although it usually accepts some constraints from the US government or the United Nations so as to receive their sanction. Particularly in the early decades of publication, DC Comics was keen for its superheroes to be perceived as law-abiding because children were the main audience. The cast is rarely more than a dozen people in size so as to give a reasonable and equal time for each character. While sometimes the League is shown to have a designated chairperson or leader, there is otherwise no hierarchy; they are a small band of equals who make major decisions, such as inducting new members, by vote.

Headquarters

The Justice League operates out of a headquarters. In the 1960s, their headquarters was secretly in a hollowed-out mountain outside the fictional town of Happy Harbor in Rhode Island. In Justice League of America #78 (1970), they moved to a satellite. In the Super Friends cartoons which ran from 1973 to 1985, they operated out of the "Hall of Justice" located in Washington, DC. During the brief "Justice League Detroit" era, they were headquartered in a repurposed bomb shelter in Detroit. In the JLA comic book which ran from 1997 to 2006, their headquarters was on the Moon and called "the Watchtower". The centerpiece of the headquarters is a conference table around which the Justice League discusses menaces to deal with. The satellite and moon base headquarters are equipped with teleporters for those members who cannot fly to it.

Villains

The Legion of Doom was created for the Challenge of the Super Friends animated TV series as a villainous counterpart to the Justice League. In that original incarnation, it consisted of established villains associated with each of the Justice League's members, e.g. Lex Luthor for Superman, Gorilla Grodd for the Flash, and Cheetah for Wonder Woman. The Legion of Doom, or some variant of it, has since appeared in other TV shows and comic books.

Comic books

Since 1960, the Justice League has appeared in comic books published by DC Comics (periodicals and graphic novels). These comic books constitute the bulk of Justice League fiction.

Silver Age and Bronze Age (1960–1984)

File:Brave bold 28.jpg
The Brave and the Bold #28, their first appearance. Superman and Batman do not appear on the cover but do appear in the story within.

In its inception, the Justice League was a revival of the Justice Society of America, created by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox in 1940. After World War 2, superheroes fell out of popularity, which led to the cancellation of many characters, including the Justice Society, which last appeared in All-Star Comics #57 (1951). A few years later, sales rose again, and DC Comics revived some of these retired characters, reinventing a few of them in the process. Editor Julius Schwartz asked writer Gardner Fox to reintroduce the Justice Society of America. Schwartz decided to rename it the "Justice League of America" because he felt "League" would appeal better to young readers, evoking sports organizations such as the National League.[3] The Justice League of America debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 (March 1960), and after two further appearances in that title, got its own series, which quickly became one of the company's best-selling titles.[4] This led DC Comics to create a bunch of other superhero teams, such as the Teen Titans. Marvel Comics, a rival comic book publisher, noticed the Justice League's success and created the Avengers and the Fantastic Four.

The initial Justice League lineup included seven of DC Comics' superheroes who were regularly published at that time: Superman, Batman, Aquaman, Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, and Wonder Woman. Fox also created a new, non-superhero character called Snapper Carr that was intended to represent DC's teenaged readership and joined the League as an Honorary member in their debut story.[5] While Superman and Batman were include in the Justice League's initially lineup, they were largely absent from the League's early stories playing only minor roles as the pair were already starring together in DC's World's Finest Comics and Fox was worried the two more famous heroes would detract attention from their less popular teammates. As the series went on however, Superman and Batman became more and more present as readers increasingly demanded to see more of them in the League's stories. The team roster would quickly expand with Green Arrow, the Atom and Hawkman being added to the team over the next four years.

In the Justice Society stories from the 1940s (in All-Star Comics), the Justice Society was used more as a framing device for its members' solo adventures. The stories tended to have the following structure: the Justice Society meets to discuss some new menace, they split up to undertake individual missions that somehow connect to said menace, and finally regroup for the showdown with the main villain. In the 1940s, most comic books were anthologies, and All-Star Comics was in practice not a major deviation from that. By contrast, the Justice League worked together more closely in their stories, thereby having a stronger identity as a team.

In another change from the Justice Society stories of the 1940s, Batman and Superman were regular members of the cast, not mere "honorary members" who made occasional cameos.

Justice League of America #21 (1963) featured the first crossover story in which the Justice League meets and teams up with the Justice Society of America. In doing so, DC Comics brought back a number of legacy characters such as Doctor Fate and Black Canary. The issue was a hit with readers and such crossovers became a recurring event.

Detroit era (1984–1986)

From the Justice League's inception in 1960 up until 1984, the team's roster always included a number of A-list characters to draw in readers, such as Green Lantern and Superman. But in Justice League of America Annual #2 (1984), the Justice League was revised to entirely comprise more obscure characters, such as Vixen, Vibe, and Martian Manhunter. The original A-list members would not be brought back into the cast until 1996. The motives behind this change were to dispense with the convoluted continuities of the classic characters by using lesser-known and new characters, thus giving the writers more flexibility to write character-driven stories; and to give the team a more youthful, hipper feel similar to that of the Teen Titans and the X-Men, which were selling better.[6] The cast was multicultural: Gypsy was Romani[a], Vibe was Latino, Vixen was Black. However, the writing of Vibe and Gypsy was criticized for using clichés of their ethnic groups, symptomatic of writers who were well-meaning but out of touch with certain specifics of minorities, something for which said writers (Gerry Conway and Chuck Patton) later expressed regret.[7][8][9] This era of the Justice League, which lasted about two years, is popularly known as "Justice League Detroit" because they were headquartered in Detroit.

Justice League International and its spin-offs (1986–1996)

Main article: Justice League International

The 1986 company-wide crossover "Legends" concluded with the formation of a new Justice League. The new team was dubbed "Justice League," then "Justice League International" (JLI) and was given a mandate with less of an American focus. The Justice League International was recognized by the United Nations as a political entity and established "embassies" all over the world. The new series was character-driven and had a quirky, humorous tone which proved popular with readers. Numerous spin-off teams such as Justice League Europe, Extreme Justice, and Justice League Task Force were created. In 1996, these series were cancelled due to low sales.

The Justice League International featured characters that had previously not been part of the DC Universe, which had been absorbed from the portfolios of other publishers that DC Comics had purchased. These included Captain Atom and Blue Beetle, which were created for Charlton Comics in the 1960s. In 1983, DC Comics purchased Charlton Comics and, a few years later, integrated Blue Beetle and Captain Atom into the DC Universe. Captain Marvel, originally from the Fawcett Comics universe, was similarly integrated.

JLA (1996–2006)

The cancellation of the aforementioned spin-off books prompted DC to revamp the League as a single team in a single title. A new Justice League of America was launched in September 1996 limited series Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare by Mark Waid and Fabian Nicieza, which returned to the classic cast. In 1997, DC Comics launched a new book titled JLA. Grant Morrison wrote JLA for the first four years, and they gave the book an epic feel by making the Justice League an allegory for a pantheon of gods, and in their stories they regularly fought villains who threatened the entire world or even the entire cosmos.[10] JLA was cancelled in 2006.

Modern Age (2006–present)

The Justice League books more or less continued the trend set by the JLA era: world-shaking threats with epic stakes, with a focus on plot over character development, and strong tie-ins to all the company's crossover events. In The New 52 era, the continuity was changed to make Cyborg, one of DC's premiere African-American heroes, a founding member of the team.

DC Comics also released a sister title called Justice League Dark, which is an ensemble team of prominent magic users of the DC Universe, such as John Constantine and Zatanna.

Inter-company crossovers

The Justice League has on a few occasions appeared in crossover stories with superhero characters from rival publishers such as Marvel Comics and Dark Horse Comics. In general, such inter-company crossovers are rare because a lot of resources must be spent in sorting out the legal issues and corporate politics of the two companies, and due to licensing issues, they can't create spin-off merchandise and media, which all reduce the profitability of such projects.

The last crossover between DC Comics and Marvel Comics was JLA/Avengers, which they jointly published in 2003. Now that Marvel Comics and DC Comics are part of major multimedia corporations (Disney and Warner Brothers respectively), those aforementioned hurdles are even more complicated, which makes another project like JLA/Avengers much less likely.[11] In 2017, Dan Didio remarked that DC Comics and Marvel are very competitive towards each other and only did crossovers when their sales were low.[12] However, DC Comics did go on to feature the Justice League in crossovers with smaller companies such as Dark Horse Comics, such as a crossover with Black Hammer in 2019.

In other media

Main article: Justice League in other media

Animated movies

Animated TV shows

Live-action TV

Live-action movies

The Justice League is referenced in several other movies that are part of the DC Extended Universe setting, which includes Suicide Squad and Shazam!.

Cultural impact

Most of the characters that appear in DC Comics' books are set in the same fictional universe, known as the DC Universe. They occasionally make guest appearances in each other's solo books, and more regularly in team books such as Justice League. Such crossovers encouraged readers to buy other books in DC Comics' catalogue, and readers became engrossed not just in the individual characters but in their web of relationships across the broader setting, thereby building brand loyalty. Marvel Comics copied this idea by creating a number of superhero teams of its own, the closest analogue being the Avengers, so as to promote and develop the Marvel Universe. Many readers devoted themselves to just one of these two comic book universes, as they were both large and did not overlap. Thus the superhero fan community developed sub-communities of DC and Marvel devotees.[2]

Collected editions

Silver Age Justice League of America

This series has been collected in the following volumes:

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 Justice League of America Archives Volume 1 The Brave and the Bold #28–30, Justice League of America #1–6 978-1563890437
2 Justice League of America Archives Volume 2 Justice League of America #7–14 978-1563891199
3 Justice League of America Archives Volume 3 Justice League of America #15–22 978-1563891595
4 Justice League of America Archives Volume 4 Justice League of America #23–30 978-1563894121
5 Justice League of America Archives Volume 5 Justice League of America #31–38, 40* 978-1563895401
6 Justice League of America Archives Volume 6 Justice League of America #41–47, 49–50* 978-1563896255
7 Justice League of America Archives Volume 7 Justice League of America #51–57, 59–60* 978-1563897047
8 Justice League of America Archives Volume 8 Justice League of America #61–66, 68–70* 978-1563899775
9 Justice League of America Archives Volume 9 Justice League of America #71–80 978-1401204020
10 Justice League of America Archives Volume 10 Justice League of America #81–93 978-1401234126
11 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 1 The Brave and the Bold #28–30; Justice League of America #1–16; Mystery in Space #75 978-1401207618
12 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 2 Justice League of America #17–36 978-1401212032
13 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 3 Justice League of America #37–38; 40–47; 49–57; 59–60* 978-1401217181
14 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 4 Justice League of America #61–66; 68–75; 77–83* 978-1401221843
15 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 5 Justice League of America #84; 86–92; 94–106* 978-1401230258
16 Showcase Presents Justice League of America Volume 6 Justice League of America #107–132* 978-1401238353
17 Justice League of America Chronicles Volume 1 The Brave and the Bold #28–30; Justice League of America #1–3 978-1401240820

* Omitted issues that featured reprints of material from earlier volumes

Also collected in Omnibus volumes:

# Title Material collected Release Date ISBN
1 Justice League of America Omnibus Volume 1 The Brave and the Bold #28–30, Justice League of America #1–30 April 2014 978-1401248420
2 Justice League of America: The Silver Age Omnibus Volume 2 Justice League of America #31–76, Mystery in Space #75 June 2016 978-1401266608
3 Justice League of America: The Bronze Age Omnibus Volume 1 Justice League of America #77–113 March 2017 978-1401268060
4 Justice League of America: The Bronze Age Omnibus Volume 2* Justice League of America #114–146, DC Super-Stars #10 March 2018 978-1401277857
5 Justice League of America: The Bronze Age Omnibus Volume 3 Justice League of America #147–181 July 2021 978-1779510167
Justice League of America: The Detroit Era Omnibus Justice League of America #233–261, Justice League of America Annual #2–3, JLA Classified #22–25,

JSA Classified #14–16,DC Retroactive: JLA – The 80's #1 and Infinity Inc. #19

December 2017 978-1401276850

Justice League/Justice League International/Justice League America (1987–1996)

This series has been collected in the following collections (there are hardcover and trade paperback versions of all volumes):

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 Justice League International Volume 1 Justice League #1–6, Justice League International #7 1-4012-1666-8
2 Justice League International Volume 2 Justice League International #8–14, Justice League International Annual #1 1-4012-1826-1
3 Justice League International Volume 3 Justice League International #15–22 1-4012-1941-1
4 Justice League International Volume 4 Justice League International #23–25, Justice League America #26–30 1-4012-2196-3
5 Justice League International Volume 5 Justice League International Annual #2–3, Justice League Europe #1–6 978-1-4012-3010-4
6 Justice League International Volume 6 Justice League America #31–35, Justice League Europe #7–11 978-1-4012-3119-4
Justice League Breakdowns (cancelled by the publisher) Justice League America #52–60, Justice League Europe #29–36 N/A
1 Superman and Justice League America Volume 1 Justice League America #61–68, Justice League Spectacular #1 978-1-4012-6097-2
2 Superman and Justice League America Volume 2 Justice League America #69–77, Justice League America Annual #6 978-1401263843
1 Wonder Woman and Justice League America Volume 1 Justice League America #78–85, Justice League America Annual #7 978-1401268343
2 Wonder Woman and Justice League America Volume 2 Justice League America #86–91, Justice League International (vol. 2) #65–66 and Justice League Task Force #13–14 978-1401274009

JLA (1997–2006)

This series has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 New World Order JLA #1–4 1-56389-369-X
2 American Dreams JLA #5–9 1-56389-394-0
3 Rock of Ages JLA #10–15 1-56389-416-5
4 Strength in Numbers JLA #16–23, JLA Secret Files and Origins #2, New Year's Evil: Prometheus (one-shot) 1-56389-435-1
5 Justice for All JLA #24–33 1-56389-511-0
6 World War III JLA #34–41 1-56389-618-4
7 Tower of Babel JLA #42–46, JLA Secret Files and Origins #3, JLA 80-Page Giant #1 1-56389-727-X
8 Divided We Fall JLA #47–54 1-56389-793-8
9 Terror Incognita JLA #55–60 1-56389-936-1
10 Golden Perfect JLA #61–65 1-56389-941-8
11 The Obsidian Age Book 1 JLA #66–71 1-56389-991-4
12 The Obsidian Age Book 2 JLA #72–76 1-4012-0043-5
13 Rules of Engagement JLA #77–82 1-4012-0215-2
14 Trial by Fire JLA #84–89 1-4012-0242-X
15 The Tenth Circle JLA #94–99 1-4012-0346-9
16 Pain of the Gods JLA #101–106 1-4012-0468-6
17 Syndicate Rules JLA #107–114, a story from JLA Secret Files and Origins 2004 1-4012-0477-5
18 Crisis of Conscience JLA #115–119 1-4012-0963-7
19 World Without a Justice League JLA #120–125 1-4012-0964-5

This series has also been collected in the following Grant Morrison-centric hardcover collections:

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 1 HC JLA #1–9, plus a story included in JLA Secret Files and Origins #1 1-4012-1843-1
2 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 2 HC JLA #10–17, Prometheus (one-shot), plus JLA/W.I.L.D.C.A.T.S. 1-4012-2265-X
3 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 3 HC JLA #22–26, 28–31 and 1,000,000 1-4012-2659-0
4 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 4 HC JLA #34, 36–41, JLA: Classified #1–3, JLA: Earth II 1-4012-2909-3

Deluxe Edition trade paperbacks

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 1 JLA #1–9, plus a story included in JLA Secret Files and Origins #1 978-1401233143
2 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 2 JLA #10–17, Prometheus (one-shot), plus JLA/W.I.L.D.C.A.T.S., JLA Secret Files and Origins #2 978-1401235185
3 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 3 JLA #18–31 978-1401238322
4 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 4 JLA #32–46 978-1401243852
5 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 5 JLA #47–60, JLA: Heaven's Ladder 978-1401247508
6 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 6 JLA #61–76 978-1401251369
7 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 7 JLA #77–93 978-1401255282
8 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 8 JLA #94–106 978-1401263423
9 JLA: The Deluxe Edition Volume 9 JLA #107–125, JLA Secret Files and Origins 2004 978-1401265670

Justice League of America (vol. 2) (2006–2011)

This series has been collected in the following hardcover collections:

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 The Tornado's Path Justice League of America (vol. 2) #1–7 HC: 978-1401213497
SC: 978-1401215804
2 The Lightning Saga Justice League of America (vol. 2) #0, #8–12;
Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #5–6 		HC: 978-1401216528
SC: 978-1401218690
3 The Injustice League Justice League of America (vol. 2) #13–16;
JLA Wedding Special #1 		HC: 978-1401218027
SC: 978-1401220501
4 Sanctuary Justice League of America (vol. 2) #17–21 HC: 978-1401219925
SC: 978-1401220105
5 The Second Coming Justice League of America (vol. 2) #22–26 HC: 978-1401222529
SC: 978-1401222536
6 When Worlds Collide Justice League of America (vol. 2) #27–28, #30–34 HC: 978-1401224226
SC: 978-1401224233
7 Team History Justice League of America (vol. 2) #38–43 HC: 978-1401228385
SC: 978-1401232603
8 The Dark Things Justice League of America (vol. 2) #44–48;
Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #41–42 		HC: 978-1401230111
SC: 978-1401231934
9 Omega Justice League of America (vol. 2) #49–53 HC: 978-1401232436
SC: 978-1401233563
10 The Rise of Eclipso Justice League of America (vol. 2) #54–60, Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #43 SC: 978-1401234133

The New 52

# Title Part Material collected Pages Cover Publication date ISBN
Justice League (vol. 2) (2011–2016)
1 Origin Justice League (vol. 2) #1–6 192 HC May 8, 2012 978-1401234614
SC February 5, 2013 978-1401237882
2 The Villain's Journey Justice League (vol. 2) #7–12 160 HC February 5, 2013 978-1401237646
SC October 1, 2013 978-1401237653
3 Throne of Atlantis Justice League (vol. 2) #13–17, Aquaman (vol. 7) #15–16 192 HC October 1, 2013 978-1-4012-4698-3
SC April 8, 2014 978-1-4012-4240-4
4 The Grid Justice League (vol. 2) #18–20, 22–23 176 HC January 4, 2014 9781401247171
SC October 1, 2014 9781401250089
5 Forever Heroes Justice League (vol. 2) #24–29 168 HC September 16, 2014 9781401254193
SC April 1, 2015 9781401254193
6 Injustice League Justice League (vol. 2) #30–39 272 HC March 17, 2015 9781401252366
SC April 18, 2016 9781401258528
7 The Darkseid War 1 Justice League (vol. 2) #40–44 and a sneak peek from Divergence 144 HC March 15, 2016 978-1401259778
SC September 27, 2016 978-1401264529
8 2 Justice League (vol. 2) #45–50, Justice League: Darkseid War #1 200 HC 978-1401263416
SC December 13, 2016 978-1401265397
Justice League of America (vol. 3) (2013–2014)
1 World's Most Dangerous Justice League of America (vol. 3) #1–7 224 HC November 12, 2013 978-1401242367
SC July 15, 2014 978-1401246891
2 Survivors of Evil Justice League of America (vol. 3) #8–14 160 HC September 16, 2014 978-1401247263
SC March 24, 2015 978-1401250478
Justice League of America (vol. 4) (2015–2016)
Power & Glory Justice League of America (vol. 4) #1–4, 6–10 288 HC March 21, 2017 978-1401259761
SC March 13, 2018 978-1401278007

DC Rebirth

# Title Material collected Publication Date ISBN
Justice League (vol. 3) (2016–2018)
1 The Extinction Machine Justice League: Rebirth #1, Justice League (vol. 3) #1–5 January 2017 978-1401267797
2 Outbreak Justice League (vol. 3) #6–11 May 978-1401268701
3 Timeless Justice League (vol. 3) #14–19 July 978-1401271121
4 Endless Justice League (vol. 3) #20–25 November 978-1401273972
5 Legacy Justice League (vol. 3) #26–31 March 2018 978-1401277253
6 The People vs. the Justice League Justice League (vol. 3) #34–38 June 978-1401280765
7 Justice Lost Justice League (vol. 3) #39–43 September 978-1401284251
1 Deluxe Justice League: Rebirth #1, Justice League (vol. 3) #1–11 July 2017 978-1401271138
2 Justice League (vol. 3) #12–25 April 2018 978-1401278281
3 Justice League (vol. 3) #26–33 November 978-1401284367
4 Justice League (vol. 3) #34–43 April 2019 978-1401288761
Justice League of America (vol. 5) (2017–2018)
The Road to Rebirth Justice League of America: Rebirth #1, Justice League of America: Killer Frost #1, Justice League of America: The Ray #1, Justice League of America: The Atom #1, Justice League of America: Vixen #1, June 2017 978-1401273521
1 The Extremists Justice League of America (vol. 5) #1–6 August 978-1401273538
2 Curse of the Kingbutcher Justice League of America (vol. 5) #7–11 November 978-1401274498
3 Panic in the Microverse Justice League of America (vol. 5) #12–17 March 2018 978-1401277840
4 Surgical Strike Justice League of America (vol. 5) #18–21, Annual #1 July 978-1401280581
5 Deadly Fable Justice League of America (vol. 5) #22–29 September 978-1401284497
1 Deluxe Justice League of America: Rebirth #1, Justice League of America: Killer Frost #1, Justice League of America: The Ray #1, Justice League of America: The Atom #1, Justice League of America: Vixen #1, Justice League of America (vol. 5) #1–6 November 2017 978-1401276928

DC Universe Justice League (vol. 4) (2018–present)

# Title Material collected Pages Publication Date ISBN
No Justice Justice League: No Justice #1–4, plus a story from DC Nation #0 144 September 25, 2018 978-1401283346
1 The Totality Justice League (vol. 4) #1–7 176 November 27, 2018 978-1401284992
2 Graveyard of Gods Justice League (vol. 4) #8–12, Justice League/Aquaman: Drowned Earth #1, Aquaman/Justice League: Drowned Earth #1 200 May 14, 2019 978-1401288495
3 Hawkworld Justice League (vol. 4) #13–18, Annual #1 184 July 10, 2019 978-1401291389
4 The Sixth Dimension Justice League (vol. 4) #19–28 234 November 13, 2019 978-1779501684
5 The Doom War Justice League (vol. 4) #29–39 272 June 23, 2020 978-1401299361
Vengeance is Thine Justice League (vol. 4) #40–47, Annual #2 232 December 8, 2020 978-1779505897
Galaxy of Terror Justice League (vol. 4) #48–52 May 18, 2021
1 Deluxe Justice League (vol. 4) #1–13, Justice League/Aquaman: Drowned Earth #1, Aquaman/Justice League: Drowned Earth #1 December 10, 2019 978-1401295219
2 Justice League (vol. 4) #14–25, Annual #1 376 December 1, 2020 978-1779505842
3 Justice League (vol. 3) #26–39 344 February 8, 2022 978-1779514936

Miscellaneous reprints

These trades reprint themed issues.

# Title Material collected ISBN
1 Justice League of America Hereby Elects Justice League of America #4, 75, 105–106, 146, 161, 173–174 978-1401212674
2 JLA: The Greatest Stories Ever Told Justice League of America #19, 77, 122, 166–168,
Justice League #1, JLA Secret Files and Origins #1, JLA #61 		978-1401209322
3 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 1 Justice League of America ##21–22, 29–30, 37–38, 46–47 978-1563898952
4 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 2 Justice League of America #55–56, 64–65, 73–74, 82–83 978-1401200039
5 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 3 Justice League of America #91–92, 100–102, 107–108, 113 978-1401202316
6 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 4 Justice League of America #123–124, 135–137, 147–148 978-1401209575
7 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 5 Justice League of America #159–160, 171–172, 183–185 978-1401226237
8 Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 6 Justice League of America #195–197, 207–209, All-Star Squadron #14–15 978-1401238223
9 Crisis on Multiple Earths: The Team-Ups Volume 1 The Flash (vol. 2) #123, 129, 137, 151, Green Lantern (vol. 2) #40, Showcase #55–56 and The Brave and the Bold #61 978-1401204709
10 Crisis on Multiple Earths: The Team-Ups Volume 2 The Flash (vol. 2) #170, 173, Green Lantern (vol. 2) #45, 52, The Brave and the Bold #62, The Atom #29, 36 and The Spectre #3 978-1401212285

Awards

The original Justice League of America series won two 1961 Alley Awards in the categories "Best Comic Book" and "Best Adventure-Hero Group."[13] In 1963, the series won "Favorite Novel" ("Crisis on Earth-One/Crisis on Earth-Two" in Justice League of America #21–22 by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky) and "Strip that Should Be Improved." There also an award specific to the series, "Artist Preferred on Justice League of America," that was won by Murphy Anderson.[14]

Theme park attractions

Justice League: Alien Invasion 3D

Main article: Justice League: Alien Invasion

Justice League: Alien Invasion is an interactive dark ride at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia. In the ride, guests board vehicles equipped with blasters as they join the Justice League in the fight against Starro, who has mind-controlled the citizens of Metropolis.

Justice League: Battle for Metropolis

Main article: Justice League: Battle for Metropolis

Justice League: Battle for Metropolis is an interactive dark ride at seven Six Flags parks across the United States and Mexico. In the ride, Lex Luthor and the Joker have captured Supergirl, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, and Flash, and it is up to the combined forces of the remaining members of the Justice League and the Justice League Reserve Team to save them from their capture at LexCorp. Guests board motion-enhanced and stun blaster-equipped vehicles designed by A.R.G.U.S. as they ride through Metropolis and join the fight against the henchmen of Lex Luthor and the Joker.

See also

Affiliations and spin-off groups

Notes

  1. ^ This was later retconned in 2013

References

  1. ^ Hickey (2011), An Incomprehensible Condition, p. 19
  2. ^ a b Kaveney (2008), Superheroes!, p. 28: "One of the major driving forces of the creation of these universes was the commercial imperative to create brand loyalty to more titles within a single publishing house's products. Crossovers, in which a character from one comic produced by a house visited the story of another, meant that there was a chance that readers who were not buying the first comic would start to buy it in addition to the second. Team-up comics like the Justice League of America were even more likely to interest readers in characters they had not previously bothered with."
  3. ^ Rhoades (2008), A Complete History of American Comic Books, p. 70
  4. ^ Daniels, Les (1995). "The Justice League of America A Team of Good Sports". DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes. New York, New York: Bulfinch Press. p. 127. ISBN 0821220764. Justice League was a hit. It solidified once and for all the importance of superhero groups, and in the process provided a playground where DC's characters could attract new fans while entertaining established admirers.
  5. ^ Eury (2005), The Justice League Companion: A Historical and Speculative Overview of the Silver Age Justice League of America, p. 14
  6. ^ "Chuck Patton talks Justice League Detroit". DC in the 80s. December 4, 2018.: "I think it was Len Wein who ultimately decided that it was time for a change in the JLA, especially when all of the other major DC books started to crack under the weight of each other's differing storylines and changes in continuity. [...] Gerry [Conway] strongly felt that a new 'JLA' needed a younger, hipper roster to reflect the times, but most important, have little to no connection with the then-current DC roster and more freedom. I enthusiastically agreed with him, wanting to capture the same youthful spirit that made hits of X-Men and Teen Titans."
  7. ^ Bug Norman (May 27, 2021). "Where The X-Men Thrived, The Justice League Died". ScreenRant.
  8. ^ "Chuck Patton talks Justice League Detroit". DC in the 80s. December 4, 2018.: "However I really really wished we had avoided a lot of the gimmickry or played them a lot less clichéd from the jump. I do share responsibility in my part of that, but I always felt uncomfortable with Vibe's accent. It was meant to be a blind, something he hid behind to keep people from knowing he wasn't that "streetwise", but it was handled clumsily and we took our lumps for it."
  9. ^ "JLI Podcast – Meanwhile… Gerry Conway Interview on Justice League Detroit". The Fire and Water Podcast Network. April 25, 2021.
  10. ^ Rosie Knight (October 8, 2020). "How Grant Morrison's JLA Saved DC's Biggest Heroes".
  11. ^ Jermaine McLaughlin (June 15, 2015). "Marvel and DC team-up: An oral history of JLA/Avengers, the most ambitious crossover event ever". SyFy Wire.

    Tom Brevoort: "Those were really the final days of both companies being "Mom & Pop" shops. Now, with both Marvel and DC being integrated multi-platform companies, the inter-mingling of competing IP is a much more complicated and complex situation, along with the fact that you wind up spending considerable resources on a project for which you only recoup half of the eventual profits (and that you cannot utilize across other lines of business beyond the publishing) make it a lot more difficult to justify. It's hard to justify both the allocation of resources and also the difficulties of navigating the politics between two competing corporate giants. So it's not impossible that it could never happen again, but the factors against it happening are considerable."
  12. ^ Brendan Hughes (March 19, 2018). "Could We Get A New Marvel/DC Crossover In The Near Future?".
    "Dan Didio, DC's Co-Publisher, squashed the idea of any crossover with Marvel during the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con stating that the best way for DC to succeed is to compete with Marvel. He linked that the past Marvel/DC crossovers were a temporary measure due to the comic market reaching all-time lows."
  13. ^ "1961 Alley Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015.
  14. ^ "1963 Alley Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015.

Sources

  • Andrew Hickey (2011). An Incomprehensible Condition: An Unauthorised Guide To Grant Morrison's Seven Soldiers. ISBN 9781447780021.
  • Roz Kaveney (2008). Superheroes!: Capes and Crusaders in Comics and Films. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781845115692.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Justice League.
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