State-owned enterprises of Indonesia

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The BUMN Untuk Indonesia ("SOEs for Indonesia") campaign was launched by the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises in April 2020;[1] this logo was introduced together with a rebranding of the Ministry effective on 1 July 2020. It replaces the BUMN Hadir Untuk Negeri ("SOEs Serving the Nation") campaign, launched in 2016 in conjunction with the Ministry's 18th anniversary.[2] The logo above appears in nearly all publicity made by Indonesian SOEs (usually placed in the upper-left corner), except Garuda Indonesia

In Indonesia, state-owned enterprises (Indonesian: Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN)) play an important role in the national economy. Their roles includes contributor for national economy growth, providing goods or services which are not covered by private company, employment provider, providing support guidance to small and medium businessess, and source of government revenue.[3] The Ministry of State Owned Enterprises represents the government's function as a shareholder of those companies.

Aside from SOEs, there are also provincially- or municipally-owned corporations, locally known as Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD). The primary difference between BUMNs and BUMDs is the ownership of the enterprise, whereas BUMNs is controlled by Ministry of State Owned Enterprise while BUMDs is directly controlled by local government. BUMDs roles are similar with BUMNs, with heavy emphasis on providing goods or services to the local community.

History

Dutch colonial era

Dutch East Indies Department for State-Owned Enterprises building
Headquarters of the Posts, Telegraph and Telephone Service of the Dutch East Indies, built simultaneously with the above building, now former headquarters of Pos Indonesia

During the Dutch colonial era, the government had a monopoly on the opium, pawnbroking (nationalized on 1 April 1901), posts (including the Post Office Savings Bank), telegraph and telephone industry, as well as owning most of the railways and electric utilities. They are managed by the Department of State-Owned Enterprises (Dutch: Department van Gouvernementsbedrijven).

Post-independence

By the end of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, the Indonesian government had a major or complete ownership on the public utility, buses, railways, banks and communications.

With the beginning of Guided Democracy in Indonesia, many Dutch-owned companies, or Indonesian branches of Dutch companies, were nationalized (see Nationalized Dutch companies below).

During the New Order, the nationalized companies were still state-owned. Some of the companies were listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange later on.

Today the largest banks in Indonesia are mostly state-owned.[citation needed]

List of foreign companies nationalized during Guided Democracy

Types of SOEs

Since 2003, there are two types of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia:

  • Perusahaan Umum (Perum) (lit. 'public company'), are statutory public-benefit corporations with no shareholders. The main purpose of these SOEs is to provide goods and/or services to public. These firms are allowed to pursue profits. Perums, however, are increasingly rare as the government are converting many of them into perusahaan perseroan (see below), especially after the 1980s.
  • Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) are SOEs which are perseroan terbatas (PT) (i.e. a joint-stock company). This type of SOE is more independent than the Perums and the main goals of these firms are to gain profits and contribute to government revenue. This type of SOE is easy to recognize because they have the term Persero attached to their names. These SOEs, however, are subject to general perseroan terbatas laws, and similar to ordinary PTs its establishment and amendments to its articles of association, including increases to its capital, must be executed before a civil law notary with a notarial act, unlike Perums where its Articles of association (including amendments and capital increases) is directly legislated.
    There are two sub-type of Perusahaan Perseroan:
  1. Perusahaan Perseroan Terbuka (Persero Tbk.), or Public company, which are enterprises whose ownership belongs both to the government and to the general public which issue freely traded shares the stock exchange (or in over the counter markets). This subtype of SOEs also has the suffix Tbk. attached to their names.
  2. Perusahaan Perseroan Pemerintah which are enterprises whose ownership are 100% government-owned.

Until 2003, there was also another type of SOE called Perusahaan Jawatan (Perjan/PJ) (lit. 'service company') which had operational costs funded from the national budget. Employees of these SOEs were civil servants and the companies were regarded as government agencies. Firms in this category have been either upgraded into other types of SOEs or converted into government agencies.

List of companies

Information on the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is drawn from the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises portal.[4]

Indonesian SOEs subdivided into 12 clusters.

Telecommunications and Media Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Telkom (Persero) Tbk Telkom Telecommunications company https://www.telkom.co.id/
Perum Produksi Film Negara PFN Film funding company http://www.pfn.co.id/
PT Danareksa (Persero) Danareksa Holding company https://www.danareksa.co.id/
Energy, Oil, and Gas Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) PLN Electricity Supply https://www.pln.com/id
PT Pertamina (Persero) Pertamina Mining and Exploration https://www.pertamina.com/id
Tourism and Support Services
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Aviasi Pariwisata Indonesia (Persero) InJourney Holding company https://injourney.id/
PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Garuda Indonesia Air Transportation https://www.garuda-indonesia.com/id
PT Pengembangan Pariwisata Indonesia (Persero) Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) Real Estate https://www.itdc.com/id
Perum LPPNPI AirNav Indonesia Air Traffic Management https://www.airnavindonesia.com/id
Insurance and Pension Fund Services
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Bahana Pembinaan Usaha Indonesia (Persero) Indonesia Financial Group (IFG) Holding company https://www.bahana.com/id
PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) Jiwasraya Insurance https://www.jiwasraya.com/id
PT ASABRI (Persero) ASABRI Army Insurance https://www.asabri.com/id
PT Reasuransi Indonesia Utama (Persero) Indonesia Re Insurance https://www.indonesiare.com/id
PT Taspen (Persero) Taspen Pension Fund Management https://www.taspen.com/id
Financial Services
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Bank BRI Financial Services and Banking, Holding company https://www.bri.com/id
PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Bank Mandiri Financial Services and Banking https://bankmandiri.co.id/
PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Bank BNI Financial Services and Banking https://www.bni.com/id
PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Bank BTN Financial Services and Banking https://www.btn.com/id
Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia Peruri Printing https://www.peruri.com/id
Food Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
Perum BULOG BULOG Food Supply Chain https://www.bulog.com/id
PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) Pupuk Indonesia Processing Manufacture https://www.pupuk-indonesia.com/id
PT Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (Persero) ID FOOD Plantation, Holding company https://www.rni.com/id
Infrastructure Services
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk Jasa Marga Toll Road Management https://www.jasamarga.com/id
PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk Adhi Construction https://www.adhi.com/id
PT Hutama Karya (Persero) HK Construction and Toll Road Management https://www.hutamakarya.com/id
PT Waskita Karya (Persero) Tbk Waskita Construction https://www.waskita.com/id
PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk PP Construction https://www.pt-pp.com/id
PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk Wika Construction https://www.wika.co.id/
Perum Pembangunan Perumahan Nasional Perumnas Construction https://www.perumnas.com/id
PT Brantas Abipraya (Persero) Abipraya Construction https://www.brantas-abipraya.com/id
PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Semen Indonesia Group (SIG) Processing Manufacture https://www.semenindonesia.com/id
Plantation and Forestry Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
Perum Perhutani Perhutani Forestry https://www.perhutani.co.id/
PT Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) Perkebunan Nusantara Plantation, Holding company https://www.ptpn3.com/id
Mineral and Coal Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Persero) MIND ID Mining and Exploration https://www.inalum.co.id/
Manufacturing and Survey Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (Persero) ID SURVEY Ship Classification and Statutory http://www.bki.co.id/
PT Len Industri (Persero) DEFEND ID Processing Manufacture, Holding company https://www.len.com/id
PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk Krakatau Steel Processing Manufacture https://www.krakatausteel.com/id
PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero) INKA Railway Manufacture https://www.inka.co.id/
Logistics Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
Perum DAMRI DAMRI Transportation https://www.damri.co.id/
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) KAI Railway Service https://www.kai.com/id
PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Pos Indonesia Post, Mail Service and Telecommunication https://www.posindonesia.com/id
PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (Persero) Pelni Sea Transportation https://www.pelni.com/id
Perum PPD PPD Land Transportation https://www.perumppd.com/id
PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) ASDP River and Water Transport Provider https://www.indonesiaferry.co.id/
PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Pelindo Sea Port Management https://www.pelindo.co.id/
Health Industry
Company Common Name Sector Website
PT Biofarma (Persero) Biofarma Vaccines, Holding company https://www.biofarma.com/id/

See also

References

  1. ^ "Berharap Go Global, Erick Thohir Ganti Slogan 'BUMN Hadir untuk Negeri' jadi 'BUMN untuk Indonesia'". BusinessNews Indonesia. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  2. ^ developer, medcom id (2016-04-13). "BUMN Hadir untuk Negeri di Hari Jadi ke-18 Tahun". medcom.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  3. ^ "Indonesian - Role of BUMN |" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  4. ^ "Klaster Industri". Retrieved 16 October 2020.

External links

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