Sphenacodontoidea
(Redirected from Sphenacodontoid)
Sphenacodontoids Temporal range: Late Carboniferous-Recent,
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Fossilized skull of two sphenacodontoids : Clelandina (Therapsida, Gorgonopsidae) and a Dimetrodon (Sphenacodontidae). | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Synapsida |
Clade: | Sphenacomorpha |
Clade: | Sphenacodontia |
Clade: | Pantherapsida |
Clade: | Sphenacodontoidea |
Clades | |
Sphenacodontoidea is a node-based clade that is defined to include the most recent common ancestor of Sphenacodontidae and Therapsida and its descendants (including mammals). Sphenacodontoids are characterised by a number of synapomorphies concerning proportions of the bones of the skull and the teeth.
The sphenacodontoids evolved from earlier sphenacodonts such as Haptodus via a number of transitional stages of small, unspecialised pelycosaurs.
Classification
The following taxonomy follows Fröbisch et al. (2011) and Benson (2012) unless otherwise noted.[1][2]
Class Synapsida
- Sphenacodontoidea
- Family †Sphenacodontidae
- Therapsida
See also
References
- ^ Jörg Fröbisch, Rainer R. Schoch, Johannes Müller, Thomas Schindler and Dieter Schweiss (2011). "A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (1): 113–120. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0039.
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: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ^ Benson, R.J. (2012). "Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 601–624. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.631042. S2CID 84706899.
- Laurin, M. and Reisz, R. R., 1997, Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids - Tree of Life Web Project
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- Sphenacodonts
- Transitional fossils
- Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances