Sharur-Daralayaz uezd

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Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
Шаруро-Даралагёзскій уѣздъ
Uezd
Coat of arms of Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Location in the Erivan Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
GovernorateErivan
Established1849
Abolished1929
CapitalBashnorashen
(present-day Sharur)
Area
 • Total3,001.64 km2 (1,158.94 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total90,250
 • Density30/km2 (78/sq mi)
 • Rural
100.00%

The Sharur-Daralayaz uezd[a] was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.[1] It bordered the governorate's Erivan and Nor Bayazet uezds to the north, the Nakhichevan uezd to the south, the Zangezur and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the southwest. It included most of the Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia and the Sharur District of the Nakhchivan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan. The administrative center of the uezd was the town Bashnorashen (present-day Sharur).[2]

Economy

Armenians were mostly concentrated in mountainous Daralayaz, while lowland Sharur was overwhelmingly Tatar. The population in Daralayaz was engaged primarily in cattlebreeding while the residents of Sharur were engaged in agricultural farming and gardening. Manufacturing was not developed in this part of the governorate. Only 47 winemaking enterprises, 299 mills, 89 cotton-cleaning, 4 rice-cleaning factories existed in the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd.[3]

Geography

The geography of the uezd resembled a crater surrounded from the south, north and east by tall mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus. The plain, which made up a small part of the uezd, was close to the Aras River, into which the only river irrigating the plains, the Arpa-chay, discharged. The mountainous part of the territory was called Daralayaz and the lowland part was called Sharur. Daralayaz constituted approximately 70% of the whole uezd area and Sharur constituted approximately 30%, even though it included about half of the uezd's population. The Arpa-chay started at the southeastern tip of Lake Sevan (Gokcha) and flowed 107 versts before discharging into the Aras. It had many tributaries, the Alagyoz-chay being the longest. Approximately 12,150 desyatins of the mountainous part of uezd was forested. The temperature in the winter reached -27 °C.[3]

History

The territory of the uezd was part of Persia's Erivan and Nakhchivan Khanates until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, they were annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.[4] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It was made up of the Erivan, Nakhchivan, Alexandropol, Nor Bayazet, and Ordubad uezds. Following administrative reforms, the northern part of the Nakhchivan uezd (Daralayaz) was separated to form part of the new Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1870.[5]

Throughout 1918–1920, the uezd was heavily contested between forces of the First Republic of Armenia and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.[6]

After the establishment of Soviet rule in 1920, the territory of the uezd was divided. Daralayaz (modern-day Vayots Dzor) became part of the Armenian SSR and Sharur became part of the Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars.[6][7]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1912 were as follows:[8]

Uchastok Russian name 1912 population Area
1st 1-й участокъ 44,051 747.26 square versts (850.43 km2; 328.35 sq mi)
2nd 2-й участокъ 44,448 1,890.24 square versts (2,151.21 km2; 830.59 sq mi)

Demographics

Russian Empire census (1897)

According to the Russian Empire census of 1897, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had a population of 76,538, including 41,055 men and 35,483 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities.[9]

Linguistic composition of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1897[9]
Language Native speakers %
Tatar[b] 51,560 67.37
Armenian 20,726 27.08
Kurdish 3,761 4.91
Assyrian 331 0.43
Russian 61 0.08
Ukrainian 57 0.07
Polish 12 0.02
Georgian 7 0.01
Jewish 6 0.01
Belarusian 4 0.01
Greek 4 0.01
German 1 0.00
Italian 1 0.00
Other 7 0.01
TOTAL 76,538 100.00

Caucasian Calendar (1917)

According to the 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had 90,250 residents in 1916, including 47,399 men and 42,851 women, 88,496 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,754 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated the uezd to be overwhelmingly Shia Muslim with a significant Armenian minority:[10]

Nationality Number %
Shia Muslims[c] 57,982 64.25
Armenians 29,165 32.32
Kurds 1,861 2.06
Asiatic Christians 598 0.66
Sunni Muslims[d] 511 0.57
Russians 122 0.14
Other Europeans 8 0.01
North Caucasians 3 0.00
TOTAL 90,250 100.00

Notes

  1. ^
    • Russian: Шару́ро-Даралагёзскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Sharúro-Daralagyózsky uyézd
    • Armenian: Շարուր-Դարալագյազի գավառ, romanized: Sharur-Daralagyazi gavar
    • Azerbaijani: شرۇر درلیز قزاسؽ, romanized: Şərur-Dərələyəz qəzası
  2. ^ Later known as Azerbaijani.
  3. ^ Primarily Tatars,[11] later known as Azerbaijanis.[12]
  4. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[11]

References

  1. ^ "НЭБ - Национальная электронная библиотека". rusneb.ru - Национальная электронная библиотека. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  2. ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780300153088.
  3. ^ a b Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Шаруро-Даралагезский уезд [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Sharur-Daralagyoz Uyezd] (in Russian).
  4. ^ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 9780939214181.
  5. ^ "Административно-территориальные реформы на Кавказе в середине и во второй половине XIX века" [Administrative-territorial reforms in the Caucasus in the middle and second half of the 19th century] (in Russian).
  6. ^ a b Tsutsiev, pp. 71–76.
  7. ^ Договор о дружбе между Армянской ССР, Азербайджанской ССР и Грузинской ССР, с одной стороны, и Турцией - с другой, Заключенный при участии РСФСР в Карсе [Treaty of friendship between the Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR on one side and Turkey on the other, with the participation of the Russian SFSR in Kars] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-04-24.
  8. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. pp. 172–179. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  10. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 214–221. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  11. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  12. ^ Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.

Bibliography

  • Bournoutian, George (2015). "Demographic Changes in the Southwest Caucasus, 1604–1830: The Case of Historical Eastern Armenia". Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics. Amsterdam. 3 (2).
  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01805-2.

Coordinates: 39°32′45″N 44°58′20″E / 39.54583°N 44.97222°E / 39.54583; 44.97222

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