Roland Juno-60

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Roland Juno-60
The Roland Juno-60: a keyboard instrument with a row of faders above it.
Roland Juno-60
ManufacturerRoland
Dates1982-1984
Price$1,795[1]
£999
(equivalent to $5,500 in 2022)
Technical specifications
Polyphony6
TimbralityMonotimbral
Oscillator1 DCO per voice
(pulse, saw, square)
LFOtriangle
Synthesis typeAnalog Subtractive
FilterAnalog 24dB/oct resonant
low-pass, non-resonant high-pass
Attenuator1 ADSR envelope generator
Aftertouch expressionNo
Velocity expressionNo
Storage memory56 patches
EffectsChorus
Input/output
Keyboard61 keys
External controlDCB

The Roland Juno-60 is an analog synthesizer manufactured by the Roland Corporation between 1982 and 1984. It followed the Juno-6, an almost identical synthesizer released months earlier. The Juno synthesizers introduced Roland's digitally controlled oscillators, allowing for greatly improved tuning stability over its competitors.

The Juno-6 and Juno-60 were introduced as low-cost alternatives to polyphonic synths such as the Sequential Circuits Prophet-5 and Roland's own Jupiter-8. Its built-in chorus effect was designed to make up for the weaker sound of its single oscillator, and it went on to become its signature effect. The Juno-60 had an immediate impact in 1980s pop music, being used on hits such as "Take On Me" by A-ha and "Time After Time" by Cyndi Lauper. A successor, the Juno-106, was introduced in 1984.

The Juno synths continued to be popular in the 1990s, being used by house and techno artists. It has experienced another resurgence in the 2010s and beyond, gaining popularity amongst modern pop, indie and synthwave artists. It has inspired numerous software emulations and Roland have released digitally-powered hardware synths inspired by the Juno-60 from 2015.

Development

We used a one-oscillator design for the JUNO series to reduce its price, but its sound naturally ended up being thinner than say the JUPITER-8 or JX-3P, which used two oscillators. So our main priority in developing the JUNO series was to produce thick and dense sounds with just one oscillator. To this end, we employed a variety of strategies, such as adding a chorus function and boosting the lows when the high-pass filter was not being applied. So the flat setting is actually just one increment up from zero on the high-pass filter.

— Hideki Izuchi, engineer at Roland Corporation[2]

The late 1970s and 1980s saw the introduction of the first digital synthesizers, such as the Fairlight CMI and Synclavier. Roland president Ikutaro Kakehashi recognized that the synthesizer market was moving away from analog synthesis, but Roland had no commercially viable digital technology. He approached American engineer John Chowning about his recently developed means of FM synthesis, but Yamaha had already secured exclusive rights.[3]

Prior to the release of the Juno-6, polyphonic synthesizers were expensive, and subject to tuning issues caused by the components in synthesizer's oscillator circuits being sensitive to temperature. At the time, Roland's flagship synthesizer was the Jupiter-8, released in 1981, which cost $5,000 (equivalent to $16,000 today).[4] With the Juno range, Roland aimed to create a polyphonic synthesizer that was less expensive than competitors, whilst also improving tuning reliability.[4]

Release

Roland released the Juno-6 in May 1982[5] with a list price of US$1295. It used mostly traditional analog technology, with a voltage-controlled filter, voltage-controlled amplifier, low-frequency oscillator and ADSR envelope generators. However, it also used digitally controlled oscillators (DCOs), analog oscillators controlled by digital circuits. As opposed to the voltage-controlled oscillators of previous synthesizers, which frequently went out of tune, the DCOs ensured tuning stability.[3] According to Sound on Sound, "The Juno-6 was the first analog polysynth that you could carry onto a stage, switch on, and play with complete confidence that the instrument would be in tune."[3] It also included performance controls, an arpeggiator, and an ensemble effect.[3]

Roland released another version, the Juno-60, in September 1982,[5] which added patch memory (allowing users to save and recall up to 54 sounds) and a DCB connector, a precursor to MIDI.[3]

Production of the Juno-60 ended in February 1984, when Roland released the Juno-106,[6] a direct descendent of the Juno-60, featuring MIDI, improved patch storage with up to 128 sounds, and portamento replacing the arpeggiator.[5]

Sounds and features

Juno-60 Envelope PWM strings
An example of the Juno-60's unique ability to assign its PWM to the envelope generator, creating a rich "swell" effect. Not possible on the Juno-106, or most synthesizers in general.
Juno-60 Resonance sweep
Creating a "cat's meow" effect with the IR3109 resonance assigned to the envelope, very difficult for most software or digital emulations to get right due to the complexities of analog resonance.
Juno-60 Manual PWM
Manually controlling the PWM while playing chords on the Juno-60.
Problems playing these files? See media help.

The Roland Juno-6 and Juno-60 are single-oscillator analog synthesizers, featuring a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, a single ADSR envelope and a single LFO.

Many polyphonic synthesizers contained two oscillators, so to make up for the single oscillator, Roland implemented an onboard chorus effect as well as a high-pass filter that would boost the bass level in its lowest position.[2] The chorus effect is engaged using two push buttons which give slow modulation rates of 0.4 Hz and 0.6 Hz.[7] Additionally, the two buttons can be engaged simultaneously to create an even stronger chorus effect.[8] Although regarded as noisy, the Juno chorus effect is considered a signature feature of the Juno-60. It was based around bucket brigade designs from the 70s, such as those in the Roland DC-50 “Digital Chorus” effect unit from 1976[9] and uses two identical circuits incorporating two ICs (MN3009 and MN3101).[7]

Impact

The Juno-60 was widely used in 1980s pop, house, 1990s techno music, and even today by acts including Enya,[10] Vince Clarke,[11] Howard Jones,[12] Nik Kershaw, John Foxx,[13] a-ha,[6] Billy Idol,[6] Fingers Inc.,[14] Berlin,[6] Eurythmics,[6] A Flock of Seagulls,[6] Cyndi Lauper[15] and Wham!.[16] It was also a key instrument in Chicago house.[6] The 2010s saw a resurgence of popularity among indie and electro acts such as Metronomy, driving up the price on the used market.[6]

Successors

Roland followed up the Roland Juno-106 with the Alpha Juno 1 and Alpha Juno 2 in 1985. These synths offered new programming capabilities, backlit screens and a new interface. The Juno 2 also featured a velocity‑ and aftertouch‑sensitive keyboard as well as a cartridge slot for storing patches.[17] They were seen as too expensive and difficult to program, so were a commercial failure,[18] ceasing production in 1986.

Roland revived the Juno name in the 00s, releasing the Juno-D in 2004, the Juno-G in 2006, the Juno-Stage in 2008, the Juno-Di in 2009 and the Juno-Gi 2010.[19] Despite the name, these synths had nothing in common with the Juno or Alpha Juno synths,[20] with Roland instead using the name Juno to denote 'affordable' synthesizers.[21]

In 2015, Roland released the JU-06 as part of their Boutique range.[22] The JU-06 is a 4-voice version of the Juno-106, using Roland's digital Analog Circuit Behaviour (ACB) technology. An updated version, the JU-06A, was released in 2019, which combines the continuous high-pass filter of the 106, the envelope-controllable pulse-width-modulation of the 60, and the filter of both switchable from the front panel.[23]

Roland released the Juno-X in 2022, a modern synth featuring digital emulations of the Juno-60 and Juno-106 as well as an additional Juno-X model that features a supersaw waveform, velocity sensitivity and an Alpha-Juno style pitch envelope control.[24][25] The Juno X's control panel design directly references the controls of the Juno-106 while the sound engine follows on from the Jupiter-X and Jupiter-Xm modern digital synths.[25]

Software emulations

Due to its popularity and coveted sound,[26] the Roland Juno synths have inspired several software plugin emulations of both the synthesizer engine and chorus effect.

  • TAL U-NO-62 by Togu Audio Line, a Juno-60 emulation released in 2007.[27]
  • TAL U-NO-LX, released in 2012[28] as a fully rewritten replacement for TAL U-NO-62.[29]
  • Cherry Audio DCO-106, an emulation of the Juno-106 released in 2020.[30]
  • Arturia Jun-6 V, an emulation of the Juno-6 also released in 2020.[31]
  • Softube Model 84, an emulation of the Juno-106 released in 2021.[32]
  • Roland released software emulations of the Juno-106 in 2017[33] and Juno-60 in 2021,[34] both as part of their Roland Cloud subscription, which can also be used with Roland's PLUG-OUT format.[35]

Software emulations of the Juno chorus effect include:

  • TAL Chorus-60 (2007)[36]
  • TAL Chorus-LX (2012)[37]
  • Arturia Chorus JUN-6 (2020)[38]
  • Roland JUNO-60 Chorus (2022)[39]

Further reading

  • "Roland Juno 6". Electronics & Music Maker. United Kingdom: Music Maker Publications (UK), Future Publishing. Jul 1982. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  • "Roland Juno 6". One Two Testing. United Kingdom: IPC Magazines Ltd, Northern & Shell Ltd. Nov 1982. p. 39. Retrieved 2022-10-12.

External links

References

  1. ^ Future Music (2021-10-28). "Vintage music tech icons: Roland Juno-60". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  2. ^ a b Corporation, Roland. "Roland - An Interview with the Legendary Developers". Roland. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  3. ^ a b c d e "The History Of Roland: Part 2". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  4. ^ a b Kirn, Peter (2021-02-17). "JUNO-60: The Whole Story". Roland Articles. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  5. ^ a b c Corporation, Roland. "Roland - Roland Icon Series: The JUNO-106 Synthesizer". Roland. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Nur, Yousif (2016-05-27). "The Story of the Synth that Changed Pop Forever". Vice. Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  7. ^ a b Jenkins, Mark; Beecher, Mike (July 1982). "Roland Juno 6 (EMM Jul 1982)". Electronics & Music Maker (Jul 1982): 12–14.
  8. ^ Corporation, Roland. "Roland - JUNO-60 Chorus | Software Effect". Roland. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  9. ^ ericadmin (2019-03-28). "The Genesis of Synthesis: 10 Reasons Why The Roland Juno Is The Greatest Synthesizer Of All Time". Attack Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  10. ^ "Enya Book of Days:Shepherd Moons Article". www.enyabookofdays.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  11. ^ Danz (2020-05-20). "Three Questions With Vince Clarke". Synth History. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  12. ^ Andy Jones (2019-04-23). "80s electro-pop pioneer Howard Jones is still obsessed with synths". MusicTech. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  13. ^ "The Story of the Synth that Changed Pop Forever". www.vice.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  14. ^ "Larry Heard Talks Us Through the Making of "Can You Feel It"". www.vice.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  15. ^ "Classic Tracks: Cyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun"". Mixonline. 2004-04-01. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  16. ^ Aroesti, Rachel (2017-12-14). "Still saving us from tears: the inside story of Wham!'s Last Christmas". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  17. ^ "Roland Alpha Juno 1 & 2". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  18. ^ Twells, John (2016-09-15). "The 14 most important synths in electronic music history – and the musicians who use them". Fact Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  19. ^ U.S, Roland (2014-02-19). "Roland Synth Chronicle: 1973 - 2014 - Roland U.S. Blog". Roland U.S. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  20. ^ "Roland Juno-D". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  21. ^ "Roland Juno-G". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  22. ^ "Roland Boutique JU-06 Juno 106 Model". Sonicstate. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  23. ^ "Roland Icon Series: The Juno-106 Synthesizer". Roland Resource Centre. 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  24. ^ Rogersonpublished, Ben (2022-04-27). "Roland's Juno-X is a modern-day synth in '80s clothing". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  25. ^ a b Douglas, Adam (2022-05-06). "What Connection To The Past Does The Roland Juno-X Have?". Attack Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  26. ^ Wiebe, David Andrew (2022-07-21). "8 Best Juno VST Plugins 2022". Music Industry How To. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  27. ^ "Togu Audio Line releases U-NO-60 v1.0". KVR Audio. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  28. ^ "Togu Audio Line Releases TAL-U-NO-LX ($35 Introductory Price)!". Bedroom Producers Blog. 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  29. ^ "TAL U-NO-LX Review, TAL U-NO-LX Article, Download Free TAL U-NO-LX". www.pluginboutique.com. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  30. ^ FutureMusic (2020-10-06). "Cherry Audio has released the DCO-106 softsynth for Mac and PC". FutureMusic the latest news on future music technology DJ gear producing dance music edm and everything electronic. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  31. ^ Rogersonpublished, Ben (2020-12-08). "Arturia launches the V Collection 8 vintage synth collection, with new Juno, Emulator II and Vocoder emulations joining the party". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  32. ^ Rogersonpublished, Ben (2021-04-20). "Softube brings back the Roland Juno-106 synth as the Model 84 plugin, promising "the sound of the '80s"". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  33. ^ Vincent, Robin (2017-03-02). "Roland Cloud 4.0 update brings in three legendary synthesizers". gearnews.com. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  34. ^ Corporation, Roland. "Roland - Company - Press Releases - 2021 - ROLAND ANNOUNCES JUNO-60 SOFTWARE SYNTHESIZER". Roland. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  35. ^ "Roland has recreated the JUNO-60 as a software synthesiser". Mixmag. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  36. ^ "Togu Audio Line updates U-NO-60 to v1.0.2 and releases Chorus-60 v1.0". KVR Audio. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  37. ^ "Togu Audio Line releases TAL-Chorus-LX for free (Win & Mac VST & AU)". KVR Audio. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  38. ^ Rogersonpublished, Ben (2020-12-23). "Arturia's Chorus Jun-6 is a free VST plugin that puts the classic Roland Juno chorus in your DAW". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  39. ^ Rogersonpublished, Ben (2022-03-09). "Roland's new plugin delivers a "genuine recreation" of the Juno-60 chorus". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
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