Reddit

From Justapedia, exploring endless horizons of infinite knowledge
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Reddit Inc.
Sceenshot
Reddit landing page 10-21-2023.png
Homepage in July 2023
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
Social media
Available inMultilingual[notes 1][1]
FoundedJune 23, 2005; 19 years ago (2005-06-23)[2]
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
No. of locations5
Area servedWorldwide, except for Indonesia and China.
OwnerAdvance Publications (30%)[3]
Tencent (5%)[4]
Founder(s)
Key people
Industry
Employees2,000 (June 2023)[5]
ParentReddit Inc.
URLreddit.com
redditinc.com (corporate)
AdvertisingBanner ads and promoted links
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional[notes 2]
Users52 million (Oct 2020) DAU[6]
Current statusActive
Written in

Reddit (/ˈrɛdɪt/) is an American social media and discussion website where registered users, commonly referred to as "redditors", contribute various types of content, including links, text posts, images, and videos. Other members of the platform have the ability to vote on these submissions, either upvoting or downvoting them. This voting process determines the visibility of content on the site. Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards known as "communities" or "subreddits". Submissions that receive more upvotes are displayed higher within their respective subreddits and, if they gain enough upvotes, are included on the site's front page. Moderation of the platform is conducted by community-specific moderators, who are not Reddit employees.[8] The platform itself is operated by Reddit Inc., based in San Francisco.[9] However, the platform has garnered criticism for its potential to spread misinformation.[10]

Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005. Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006. In 2011, Reddit became an independent subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications.[11] In October 2014, Reddit raised $50 million in a funding round led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen, Peter Thiel, Ron Conway, Snoop Dogg, and Jared Leto.[12] Their investment valued the company at $500 million at the time.[13][14] In July 2017, Reddit raised $200 million for a $1.8 billion valuation, with Advance Publications remaining the majority stakeholder.[15] In February 2019, a $300 million funding round led by Tencent brought the company's valuation to $3 billion.[16] In August 2021, a $700 million funding round led by Fidelity Investments raised that valuation to over $10 billion.[17] The company then reportedly filed for an IPO in December 2021 with a valuation of $15 billion.[18][19]

Reddit initially began with a balanced range of viewpoints, requiring only occasional intervention by its founders or volunteer moderators. According to Wired, which is also owned by Condé Nast, the platform let "pretty much anything go" during the early years.[20] Doxing, and incitement to violence were eventually banned. Beginning around 2015, when Huffman returned as CEO, the site garnered criticism over its prevailing inclination towards left-leaning ideologies, "with less than 19% of overall users leaning right."[21] Reddit banned a community that was pro-Trump, as well as others they viewed as far right. While the disparity of gender bias against female politicians was greatest on the banned far-right subreddits, differences in gender biases still appear in both right and left-leaning subreddits.[21] At the same time, racial slurs were used openly, promoters of conspiracy theories had thriving homes, and misogyny, homophobia, and transphobia were ideas under which large communities were organized.[20]

History

Co-founder Alexis Ohanian speaking in 2009
Reddit's headquarters in the Mid-Market neighborhood of San Francisco

The idea and initial development of Reddit originated with college roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005, who attended a lecture by programmer-entrepreneur Paul Graham in Boston, Massachusetts, during their spring break from University of Virginia.[22][23][24] After speaking with Huffman and Ohanian following the lecture, Graham invited the two to apply to his startup incubator Y Combinator.[22] Their initial idea, My Mobile Menu, was unsuccessful,[25][26] and was intended to allow users to order food by SMS text messaging.[22][23] During a brainstorming session to pitch another startup, the idea was created for what Graham called the "front page of the Internet".[26] For this idea, Huffman and Ohanian were accepted in Y Combinator's first class.[22][23] Supported by the funding from Y Combinator,[27] Huffman coded the site in Common Lisp[28] and together with Ohanian launched Reddit in June 2005.[29][30] Embarrassed by an empty-looking site, the founders created hundreds of fake users for their posts to make it look more populated,[31] an example of a fake it till you make it strategy.

The team expanded to include Christopher Slowe in November 2005. Between November 2005 and January 2006, Reddit merged with Aaron Swartz's company Infogami, and Swartz became an equal owner of the resulting parent company, Not A Bug.[32][33] Ohanian later wrote that instead of labeling Swartz as a co-founder, the correct description is that Swartz's company was acquired by Reddit 6 months after he and Huffman had started.[34] Huffman and Ohanian sold Reddit to Condé Nast Publications, owner of Wired, on October 31, 2006, for a reported $10 million to $20 million[22][35] and the team moved to San Francisco.[35] In November 2006, Swartz blogged complaining about the new corporate environment, criticizing its level of productivity.[36] In January 2007, Swartz was fired for undisclosed reasons.[37]

Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit in 2009.[38] Huffman went on to co-found Hipmunk with Adam Goldstein, and later recruited Ohanian[39] and Slowe to the new company.[40] After Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit, Erik Martin, who joined the company as a community manager in 2008 and later became general manager in 2011, played a role in Reddit's growth.[41] VentureBeat noted that Martin was "responsible for keeping the site going" under Condé Nast's ownership.[42] Martin facilitated the purchase of Reddit Gifts and led charity initiatives.[42]

Reddit launched two different ways of advertising on the site in 2009. The company launched sponsored content[43] and a self-serve ads platform that year.[44][45] Reddit launched its Reddit Gold benefits program in July 2010, which offered new features to editors and created a new revenue stream for the business that did not rely on banner ads.[46] On September 6, 2011, Reddit became operationally independent of Condé Nast, operating as a separate subsidiary of its parent company, Advance Publications.[47] Reddit and other websites participated in a 12-hour sitewide blackout on January 18, 2012, in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act.[48][49] In May 2012, Reddit joined the Internet Defense League, a group formed to organize future protests.

Yishan Wong joined Reddit as CEO in 2012.[50] Wong resigned from Reddit in 2014, citing disagreements about his proposal to move the company's offices from San Francisco to nearby Daly City, but also the "stressful and draining" nature of the position.[51][52] Ohanian credited Wong with the company's newfound success as its user base grew from 35 million to 174 million.[52] Wong oversaw the company as it raised $50 million in funding and spun off as an independent company.[44] Also during this time, Reddit began accepting the digital currency Bitcoin for its Reddit Gold subscription service through a partnership with bitcoin payment processor Coinbase in February 2013.[53] Ellen Pao replaced Wong as interim CEO in 2014 and resigned in 2015 amid a user revolt over the firing of a popular Reddit employee.[54] During her tenure, Reddit initiated an anti-harassment policy,[55] banned involuntary sexualization, and banned several forums that focused on bigoted content or harassment of individuals.[56]

After five years away from the company, Ohanian and Huffman returned to leadership roles at Reddit: Ohanian became the full-time executive chairman in November 2014 following Wong's resignation, while Pao's departure on July 10, 2015, led to Huffman's return as the company's chief executive.[57][58] After Huffman rejoined Reddit as CEO, he launched Reddit's iOS and Android apps, improved Reddit's mobile website, and created A/B testing infrastructure.[22] The company launched a major redesign of its website in April 2018.[59] Huffman said new users were turned off from Reddit because it had looked like a "dystopian Craigslist".[59] Reddit also instituted several technological improvements,[60] such as a new tool that allows users to hide posts, comments, and private messages from selected redditors in an attempt to curb online harassment,[61] and new content guidelines. These new content guidelines were aimed at banning content inciting violence and quarantining offensive material.[22][60] Slowe, the company's first employee, rejoined Reddit in 2017 as chief technology officer.[62] Reddit's largest round of funding came in 2017, when the company raised $200 million and was valued at $1.8 billion.[15] The funding supported Reddit's site redesign and video efforts.[15]

On June 5, 2020, Ohanian resigned as a member of the board in response to the George Floyd protests and requested to be replaced "by a Black candidate".[63] Michael Seibel, then-CEO of Y Combinator, was subsequently named to the board.[64]

On December 13, 2020, Reddit announced it had acquired short-form video social platform Dubsmash, hiring its entire team, with the intention of integrating its video creation tools into Reddit.[65]

On March 5, 2021, Reddit announced that it had appointed Drew Vollero, who has worked at Snapchat's parent company Snap (SNAP), as its first Chief Financial Officer weeks after the site was thrust into the spotlight due to its role in the GameStop trading frenzy. Vollero's appointment spurred speculation of an initial public offering, a move that senior leaders have considered publicly.[66]

In December 2021, Reddit revealed that it had confidentially filed for an initial public offering with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.[67][68][69] In June 2022, Reddit acquired MeaningCloud, a natural language processing company.[70][71]

In June 2023, Fidelity, the lead investor in Reddit's funding round in 2021, devalued its investment in Reddit by 41%. It was revealed in a monthly disclosure that Fidelity valued its stake at $16.6 million, down from its initial investment of $28.2 million which had valued the company at $10 billion.[72] This was followed days later by an announcement of plans to layoff 5% of Reddit's workforce and to reduce the number of planned hires for the year.[73]

In June 2023, BlackCat hacker gang claimed responsibility for a February 2023 breach of Reddit's systems. On their data leak site, they claimed that they stole 80 GB of compressed data and demanded a $4.5 million ransom from Reddit. This attack did not involve data encryption like typical ransomware campaigns.[74]

Site overview

Reddit is a website comprising user-generated content—including photos, videos, links, and text-based posts—and discussions of this content in what is essentially a bulletin board system.[75][76] The name "Reddit" is a play-on-words with the phrase "read it", i.e., "I read it on Reddit."[77][78] According to Reddit, in 2019, there were approximately 430 million monthly users,[79] who are known as "redditors".[59] The site's content is divided into categories or communities known on-site as "subreddits", of which there are more than 138,000 active communities.[80] Noteworthy subreddits include r/centuryclub, where only Reddit users with 100k+ post or comment karma are allowed to participate in, and r/freekarma4u, where Reddit users give each other free upvotes.

As a network of communities, Reddit's core content consists of posts from its users.[75][76] Users can comment on others' posts to continue the conversation.[75] A key feature to Reddit is that users can cast positive or negative votes, called upvotes and downvotes respectively, for each post and comment on the site.[75] The number of upvotes or downvotes determines the posts' visibility on the site, so the most popular content is displayed to the most people.[75] Users can also earn "karma" for their posts and comments, a status that reflects their standing within the community and their contributions to Reddit.[75] Posts are sometimes automatically archived after six months, meaning they can no longer be commented or voted on.[81]

Subreddits

Nathan Allen speaks to the American Chemical Society about the r/science community.

Subreddits (officially called communities) are user-created areas of interest where discussions on Reddit are organized. There are about 138,000 active subreddits (among a total of 1.2 million) as of July 2018.[82] Subreddit names begin with "r/"; for instance, "r/science" is a community devoted to discussing scientific publications, while "r/gaming" is a community devoted to discussing video games and "r/worldnews" is for posting news articles from around the world.

In a 2014 interview with Memeburn, Erik Martin, then the general manager of Reddit, remarked that their "approach is to give the community moderators or curators as much control as possible so that they can shape and cultivate the type of communities they want".[83] Subreddits often use themed variants of Reddit's alien mascot, Snoo, in the visual styling of their communities.[84]

Other features

Reddit Premium (formerly Reddit Gold) is a premium membership that allows users to view the site ad-free.[85] Users may also be gifted coins if another user particularly valued the comment or post, generally due to humorous or high-quality content. Reddit Premium unlocks several features not accessible to regular users, such as comment highlighting, exclusive subreddits such as r/lounge, a personalized Snoo (known as a "snoovatar"), and a Reddit premium trophy that can be displayed on the user's profile.[86] Reddit Gold was renamed to Reddit Premium in 2018. In addition to gold coins, users can gift silver and platinum coins to other users as rewards for quality content.[87]

On the site redditors commemorate their "cake day" once a year, on the anniversary of the day their account was created.[88] Cake day adds an icon of a small slice of cake next to the user's name for 24 hours.[89]

In August 2021, the company introduced a TikTok-like short-form video feature for iOS that lets users rapidly swipe through a feed of short video content.[90] In December 2021, the company introduced a Spotify Wrapped-like feature called Reddit Recap that recaps various statistics from January 1 to November 30 about each individual user, such as how much time they spent on Reddit, which communities they joined, and the topics that they engaged with, and allows the user to view it.[91]

On July 7, 2022, Reddit announced 'blockchain-backed Collectible Avatars', customizable avatars which are available on the subreddit r/CollectibleAvatars for purchase separate from Reddit Premium. The avatars were created by independent artists who post work on other subreddits, and who receive a portion of the profits. They use Reddit's Polygon blockchain-powered digital wallet the Vault.[92] Richard Lawler of The Verge described them as "non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that are available for purchase in the Reddit Avatar Builder".[93]

Chat features

In 2017, Reddit developed its own real-time chat software for the site.[94] While some established subreddits have used third-party software to chat about their communities, the company built chat functions that it hopes will become an integral part of Reddit.[94] Individual chat rooms were rolled out in 2017 and community chat rooms for members of a given subreddit were rolled out in 2018.[94][95][96]

Technology and design

Underlying code

Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp but was rewritten in Python in December 2005[97] for wider access to code libraries and greater development flexibility. The Python web framework that Swartz developed to run the site, web.py, is available as an open source project.[98] As of November 10, 2009, Reddit used Pylons as its web framework.[99] Reddit was an open source project from June 18, 2008, until 2017.[100][101] During that time, all of the code and libraries written for Reddit were freely available on GitHub, with the exception of the anti-spam/cheating portions.[102] In a September 2017 announcement, the company stated that "we've been doing a bad job of keeping our open-source product repos up to date", partially because "open-source makes it hard for us to develop some features 'in the clear'... without leaking our plans too far in advance", prompting the decision to archive its public GitHub repos.[101]

Hosting and servers

As of November 10, 2009, Reddit decommissioned its servers which it owned and migrated to Amazon Web Services, using EC2 for application services and S3 for storage.[103] Reddit uses PostgreSQL as its primary datastore.[104] As part of an effort to be more data-driven, Reddit built a data analytics pipeline on top of Apache Kafka and Hive as its data warehouse. It uses Amazon's Elastic MapReduce to run Hadoop workloads across Hive and stores results in S3, eventually putting data in Amazon RDS for visualization purposes. It also uses HAProxy for load balancing and Jenkins and Apache Pig in the data pipeline.[105] Reddit uses Redis and its implementation of HyperLogLog to cache approximate page views with an underlying Apache Cassandra cluster for persistence.[106]For general caching of queries and memoization, Reddit uses memcached behind Facebook's memcached router, mcrouter. In 2017, it had almost 3.3 terrabytes of memory on 54 EC2 instances dedicated to caching split across different pools.[107] Services at Reddit are structured around a common foundation named Baseplate. It was originally implemented in Python, but since 2019, parts of it have been reimplemented in Go for better performance. Reddit also runs its services thorugh Kubernetes and uses Spinnaker for continuous delivery.[108]

In early 2009, Reddit started using jQuery.[109] In 2017, Reddit announced it adopted TypeScript for its UI redesign.[110]

Reddit's search function has had many iterations and currently uses Lucidworks Fusion to implementation.[111][112]

Mobile apps

In 2010, Reddit released its first mobile web interface for easier reading and navigating the website on touch screen devices.[113] For several years, redditors relied on third-party apps to access Reddit on mobile devices. In October 2014, Reddit acquired one of them, Alien Blue, which became the official iOS Reddit app.[114] Reddit removed Alien Blue and released its official application, Reddit: The Official App, on Google Play and the iOS App Store in April 2016.[115] The company released an app for Reddit's question-and-answer Ask Me Anything subreddit in 2014.[116] The app allowed users to see active Ask Me Anythings, receive notifications, ask questions and vote.[116]

Product and design changes

The site has undergone several products and design changes since it originally launched in 2005. When it initially launched, there were no comments or subreddits. Comments were added in 2005[59][117] and interest-based groups (called 'subreddits') were introduced in 2008.[118] Allowing users to create subreddits has led to much of the activity that redditors would recognize that helped define Reddit. These include subreddits "WTF", "funny", and "AskReddit".[118] Reddit rolled out its multireddit feature, the site's biggest change to its front page in years, in 2013.[119] With the multireddits, users see top stories from a collection of subreddits.[119]

In 2015, Reddit enabled embedding and as a result users could share Reddit content on other sites.[120] In 2016, Reddit began hosting images using a new image uploading tool, a move that shifted away from the uploading service Imgur that had been the de facto service.[121] Users still can upload images to Reddit using Imgur.[121] Reddit's in-house video uploading service for desktop and mobile launched in 2017.[122] Previously, users had to use third-party video uploading services, which Reddit acknowledged was time-consuming for users.[122]

Reddit released its "spoiler tags" feature in January 2017.[123] The feature warns users of potential spoilers in posts and pixelates preview images.[123] Reddit unveiled changes to its public front page, called r/popular, in 2017; the change creates a front page free of potentially adult-oriented content for unregistered users.

In late 2017, Reddit declared it wanted to be a mobile-first site, launching several changes to its apps for iOS and Android.[88] The new features included user-to-user chat, a theater mode for viewing visual content, and mobile tools for the site's moderators. "Mod mode" lets moderators manage content and their subreddits on mobile devices.[88]

Reddit launched its redesigned website in 2018, with its first major visual update in a decade.[59] Development for the new site took more than a year.[59] It was the result of an initiative by Huffman upon returning to Reddit, who said the site's outdated look deterred new users.[59] The new site features a hamburger menu to help users navigate the site, different views, and new fonts to better inform redditors if they are clicking on a Reddit post or an external link.[59] The goal was not only for Reddit to improve its appearance, but also to make it easier to accommodate a new generation of Reddit users.[59] Additionally Reddit's growth had strained the site's back end;[124] Huffman and Reddit Vice President of Engineering Nick Caldwell told The Wall Street Journal's COI Journal that Reddit needed to leverage artificial intelligence and other modern digital tools.[124] Registered users can opt-out from the redesign and use "Old Reddit" which continues to use the previous design. Unregistered users can access it via old.reddit.com.[125]

Original Reddit wordmark (2005–2018), still seen on the "classic" Reddit interface

Reddit's logo consists of a time-traveling alien named Snoo and the company name stylized as "reddit". The alien has an oval head, pom-pom ears, and an antenna.[126] Its colors are black, white, and orange-red.[126] The mascot was created in 2005 while company co-founder Alexis Ohanian was an undergraduate at the University of Virginia.[127] Ohanian drew a doodle of the creature while he was bored during a marketing class.[84] Originally, Ohanian sought to name the mascot S'new, a play on "What's new?", to tie the mascot into Reddit's premise as the "front page of the Internet".[126][84] Eventually, the name Snoo was chosen.[126] In 2011, Ohanian outlined the logo's evolution with a graphic that showcased several early versions, including various spellings of the website name, such as "Reditt".[127]

Snoo is genderless, so the logo is moldable.[126][128] Over the years, the Reddit logo has frequently changed for holidays and other special events.[127] Many subreddits have a customized Snoo logo to represent the subreddit.[84] Redditors can also submit their own logos, which sometimes appear on the site's front page, or create their own customized versions of Snoo for their communities (or "subreddits").[127][59] When Reddit revamped its website in April 2018, the company imposed several restrictions on how Snoo can be designed: Snoo's head "should always appear blank or neutral", Snoo's eyes are orange-red, and Snoo cannot have fingers.[126] Snoo's purpose is to discover and explore humanity.[126]

Corporate affairs

Reddit is a private company based in San Francisco.[129][82] It has an office in the Mid-Market neighborhood.[130] Reddit doubled its headcount in 2017;[131] as of 2018, it employed approximately 350 people.[82] In 2017, the company was valued at $1.8 billion during a $200 million round of new venture funding.[15][44] The company was previously owned by Condé Nast, but was spun off as an independent company.[44] As of April 2018, Advance Publications, Condé Nast's parent company, retained a majority stake in Reddit.[82]

Reddit's key management personnel includes co-founder and CEO Steve Huffman,[22] Chief Technology Officer Chris Slowe, who was the company's original lead engineer,[62] and Chief Operating Officer Jen Wong, a former president of digital and chief operating officer at Time Inc.[85]

Reddit does not disclose its revenue figures.[15][85] The company generates revenue in part through advertising and premium memberships that remove ads from the site.[85]

As part of its company culture, Reddit operates on a no-negotiation policy for employee salaries.[132] The company offers new mothers, fathers, and adoptive parents up to 16 weeks of parental leave.[133]

As of August 2021, Reddit is valued at more than $10 billion following a $410 million funding round.[134] The company is looking to hire investment bankers and lawyers to assist in making an initial public offering. However, CEO Steve Huffman says the company has not decided on the timing for when to go public.[135] In December 2021, Reddit announced they had filed a draft registration statement with the SEC regarding their prospective IPO.[136][137]

Community and culture

The website is known for its open nature and diverse user community that generate its content. Its demographics allows for wide-ranging subject areas, as well as the ability for smaller subreddits to serve more niche purposes. The possibilities that subreddits provide create new opportunities for raising attention and fostering discussion across various areas. In gaining popularity in terms of unique users per day, Reddit has been a platform to raise publicity for a number of causes.[138] Additionally, the user base of Reddit has given birth to other websites, including image sharing community and image host Imgur, which started in 2009 as a gift to Reddit's community.[139] In its first five months, it jumped from a thousand hits per day to a million total page views.[140]

Statistics from Google Ad Planner suggest that 74% of Reddit users are male.[141] In 2016, the Pew Research Center published research showing that 4% of U.S. adults use Reddit, of which 67% are men. 78% of users get news from Reddit.[142] Users tend to be significantly younger than average with less than 1% of users being 65 or over.[142] Politically, Reddit's community is predominantly left-leaning, with less than 19% of its users leaning to the right.[143]

Reddit is known in part for its passionate user base,[82] which has been described as "offbeat, quirky, and anti-establishment".[129] Similar to the "Slashdot effect", the Reddit effect occurs when a smaller website crashes due to a high influx of traffic after being linked to on Reddit; this is also called the Reddit "hug of death".[144][145]

Countries blocking Reddit

Indonesia

Since May 2014, Reddit has been blocked in Indonesia by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology for hosting content containing nudity.[146][147]

Russia

In August 2015, the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia determined that Reddit was promoting conversations about psychedelic drugs. The Roskomnadzor banned the website, citing advice on how to grow magic mushrooms as the reason. The Russian government had asked Reddit before to remove drug-related posts to no response. The site was later unblocked.[148][149]

China

In June 2015, Reddit was blocked in China for a few weeks.[150] The site was unblocked later.[when?][citation needed] It was then re-blocked in August 2018 and as of September 2021 remained blocked.[151]

India

ISPs in India were found to be blocking traffic over Reddit for intermittent periods in some regions in 2019.[152]

Brigading

As with most public online forums, Reddit is vulnerable to the use of disruptive or manipulative practices by its members, from sources such as troll farms, click farms and astroturfing.

Another example is brigading, notable in the case of Reddit as it is often cited as the origin of the practice and use of the word in this context.[153][154] Though all of these examples are in some form, against the rules of Reddit's content policy,[155] at least in the case of brigading, they are not always malicious in intent. A notable example is the case of "Mr. Splashy Pants", when organized brigading of another website, by redditors, appears to have been tacitly encouraged by the Reddit administration. In the aftermath, the target of this vote brigading appeared to take it in good humor.[156]

Controversies

In general, the website grants subreddit moderators discretion in deciding what content is and is not allowed on their subreddits, so long as site-wide rules are not being violated. This relative freedom has allowed for a wide diversity of subreddits to exist, and some of them have attracted controversy.[157]

Many of the default subreddits are highly moderated, with the "science" subreddit banning climate change denialism,[158] and the "news" subreddit banning opinion pieces and columns.[159] Reddit has changed its site-wide editorial policies several times, sometimes in reaction to controversies.[160][161][162][163] Reddit has historically been a platform for objectionable but legal content, and in 2011, news media covered the way that jailbait was being shared on the site before the site changed their policies to explicitly ban "suggestive or sexual content featuring minors".[164] Following some controversial incidents of Internet vigilantism, Reddit introduced a strict rule against the online publication of non-public personally-identifying information (a common internet harassment tool colloquially known as doxxing) via the site. Those who break the rule are subject to a site-wide ban, which can result in the deletion of their user-generated content.

Due to Reddit's decentralized moderation, user anonymity, and lack of fact-checking systems, the platform is highly prone to spreading misinformation and disinformation.[165] It has been suggested that those who use Reddit should exercise caution in taking user-created unsourced content as fact.[166] Reddit communities exhibit the echo chamber effect, in which repeated unsourced statements come to be accepted among the community as fact, leading to distorted worldviews among users.[167]

2013 Boston bombing suspect misidentifications

Following the Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013, Reddit faced criticism after users wrongly identified a number of people as suspects.[168] Notable among misidentified bombing suspects was Sunil Tripathi, a student reported missing before the bombings took place. A body reported to be Sunil's was found in Providence River in Rhode Island on April 25, according to Rhode Island Health Department. The cause of death was not immediately known, but authorities said they did not suspect foul play.[169] The family later confirmed Tripathi's death was a result of suicide.[170] Reddit general manager Erik Martin later issued an apology for this behavior, criticizing the "online witch hunts and dangerous speculation" that took place on the website.[171] The incident was later referenced in the season 5 episode of the CBS TV series The Good Wife titled "Whack-a-Mole",[172] as well as The Newsroom.[173][174]

2015 CEO change and subreddit bannings

After Ellen Pao became CEO in 2014, she was initially a target of criticism by users who objected to the deletion of content critical of herself and her husband.[175] Later on June 10, 2015, Reddit shut down the 150,000-subscriber "fatpeoplehate" subreddit and four others citing issues related to harassment.[176] This move was seen as very controversial; some commenters said that the bans went too far, while others said that the bans did not go far enough.[177] One of the latter complaints concerned a subreddit that was "expressing support" for the perpetrator of the Charleston church shooting.[178] Responding to the accusations of "skewed enforcement", Reddit reaffirmed their commitment to free expression and stated, "There are some subreddits with very little viewership that get highlighted repeatedly for their content, but those are a tiny fraction of the content on the site."

On July 2, Reddit began experiencing a series of blackouts as moderators set popular subreddit communities to private, in an event dubbed "AMAgeddon", a portmanteau of AMA ("ask me anything") and Armageddon. This was done in protest of the recent firing of Victoria Taylor, an administrator who helped organize citizen-led interviews with famous people on the popular AMA subreddit. Organizers of the blackout also expressed resentment about the recent severance of the communication between Reddit and the moderators of subreddits.[179] The blackout intensified on July 3 when former community manager David Croach gave an AMA about being fired. Before deleting his posts, he stated that Ellen Pao dismissed him with one year of health coverage when he had cancer and did not recover quickly enough.[180][181] Following this, a Change.org petition to remove Pao as CEO of Reddit Inc. reached over 200,000 signatures.[182][183][184] Pao posted a response on July 3 as well as an extended version of it on July 6 in which she apologized for bad communication and not delivering on promises. She also apologized on behalf of the other administrators and noted that problems already existed over the past several years.[185][186][187][188] On July 10, Pao resigned as CEO and was replaced by former CEO and co-founder Steve Huffman.[189]

In August, Steve Huffman introduced a policy which led to the banning of several offensive and sexual communities. Included in the ban was lolicon, to which Huffman referred as "animated CP [child porn]".[190] Some subreddits had also been "quarantined" due to having "highly-offensive or upsetting content" such as r/European, r/swedenyes, r/drawpeople, r/kiketown, r/blackfathers, r/greatapes, and r/whitesarecriminals.[191]

2023 API changes

In April 2023, Reddit announced its intentions to charge for its application programming interface (API), a feature of the site that has existed for free since 2008,[192] causing an ongoing dispute. The move forced multiple third-party applications to shut down and threatened accessibility applications and moderation tools.[193] On May 31, Apollo developer Christian Selig stated that Reddit's pricing would force him to cease development on the app. The resulting outcry from the Reddit community ultimately led to a planned protest from June 12 to 14 in which moderators for the site would make their communities private or restricted posting.[194] Following the release of an internal memo from Reddit CEO Steve Huffman and defiance from Reddit, some moderators have continued their protest.[195] Alternate forms of protest have emerged in the days following the initial blackout. Upon reopening, users of r/pics, r/gifs, and r/aww voted to exclusively post about comedian John Oliver.[196] Multiple subreddits labeled themselves as not safe for work (NSFW), affecting advertisements and resulting in administrators removing the entire moderation team of some subreddits.[197] The protest has been compared to a strike.[198]

Other controversies

2014

In August, private sexual photos from the celebrity photo hack were widely disseminated across the site.[199][200] A dedicated subreddit, "TheFappening", was created for this purpose,[201] and contained links to most if not all of the criminally obtained explicit images.[202][203][204][205] Some images of McKayla Maroney and Liz Lee were identified by redditors and outside commentators as child pornography because the photos were taken when the women were underage.[206] The subreddit was banned on September 6.[207] The scandal led to wider criticisms concerning the website's administration from The Verge and The Daily Dot.[208][209]

On December 18, Reddit took a criticized action of banning a subreddit, "SonyGOP", that was being used to distribute hacked Sony files.[210]

2016

In May, Steve Huffman said in an interview at the TNW Conference that, unlike Facebook, which "only knows what [its users are] willing to declare publicly", Reddit knows its users' "dark secrets"[211][212][213] at the same time that the website's "values" page was updated regarding its "privacy" section. The video reached the top of the website's main feed.[213][214] Shortly thereafter, announcements concerning new advertisement content drew criticism on the website.[215][216]

In September, a user named "mormondocuments" released thousands of administrative documents belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an action driven by the ex-Mormon and atheist communities on Reddit. Previously, on April 22, the same user had announced his plans to do so. Church officials commented that the documents did not contain anything confidential.[217][218]

On November 23, Huffman admitted to having replaced his username with the names of r/The Donald moderators in many insulting comments.[219][220] He did so by changing insulting comments made towards him and made it appear as if the insult were directed at the moderators of r/The_Donald.[221]

On November 24, The Washington Post reported Reddit had banned the "Pizzagate" conspiracy board from their site, stating it violated their policy of posting personal information of others, triggering a wave of criticism from users on r/The_Donald, who felt the ban amounted to censorship.[222] After the forum was banned from Reddit, the words "we don't want witchhunts on our site" now appears on the former page of the Pizzagate subreddit.[223][224]

On November 30, Huffman announced changes to the algorithm of Reddit's r/all page to block "stickied" posts from a number of subreddits, such as r/The_Donald. In the announcement, he also apologized for personally editing posts by users from r/The_Donald, and declared intentions to take actions against "hundreds of the most toxic users" of Reddit and "communities whose users continually cross the line".[8][225][226]

2017

In February, Reddit banned the alt-right subreddit r/altright for violating its terms of service, more specifically for attempting to share private information about the man who attacked alt-right figure Richard B. Spencer.[227][228] The forum's users and moderators accused Reddit administrators of having political motivations for the ban.[229][230]

2018

In March, it was revealed that Huffman had hidden Russian troll activity from users.[231]

On July 12, the creator and head moderator of the GamerGate subreddit, r/KotakuInAction, removed all of the moderators and set the forum to private, alleging it to have become "infested with racism and sexism". A Reddit employee restored the forum and its moderators an hour later.[232][233]

2019

In January, the Filipino-themed subreddit r/jakolandia was accused of "distributing" posts of photos of women, including celebrities, apparently without their consent, similar to "a number" of secret Facebook groups that had been engaging in illegal activity of sharing "obscene" photos of women and possibly child pornography.[234]

In February, Chinese company Tencent invested $150 million into Reddit.[235][236] This resulted in a large backlash from Reddit users, who were worried about potential censorship.[237][238][239] Many posts featuring subjects censored in China, such as Tiananmen Square, Tank Man, and Winnie the Pooh, received popularity on Reddit.[236][239][240]

2020

During the George Floyd protests in early June, over 800 moderators signed an open letter demanding a policy banning hate speech, a shutdown of racist and sexist subreddits, and more employee support for moderation. Bloomberg News pointed out the company's slow reaction to r/watchpeopledie, a subreddit dedicated to videos of people dying in accidents and other situations, and the harassment that accompanied new unmoderated features like icons for purchase and public chats.[241]

On June 29, Reddit updated its content policy and introduced rules aimed at curbing the presence of communities they believed to be "promoting hate",[242] and banned approximately 2,000 subreddits that were found to be in violation of the new guidelines on the same day.[243] Larger subreddits affected by the bans included r/The_Donald,[244] r/GenderCritical[245] (the platform's largest and most active anti-transgender radical feminist subreddit),[246] and r/ChapoTrapHouse (a far-left subreddit originally created by fans of the podcast Chapo Trap House).[245] Some media outlets and political commentators also condemned the banning of the r/The_Donald and r/ChapoTrapHouse subreddits as a violation of the right to free political expression.[247]

2021

After the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Reddit banned the subreddit r/DonaldTrump in response to repeated policy violations and alluding to the potential influence the community had on those who participated in or supported the storming.[248] The move followed similar actions from social media platforms, Twitter, YouTube, TikTok and more.[249] The ban was criticized by those who believed it furthered an agenda and censorship of conservative ideologies.[250] The subreddit had over 52,000 members just before it was banned.[251]

The GameStop short squeeze was primarily organized on the subreddit r/wallstreetbets in January.[252]

In March, Reddit users discovered that Aimee Challenor, an English politician who had been suspended from two UK political parties, was hired as an administrator for the site. Her first suspension from the Green Party came for retaining her father as her campaign manager after his arrest on child sexual abuse charges. She was later suspended from the Liberal Democrats after tweets describing pedophilic fantasies were discovered on her partner's Twitter account. Reddit banned a moderator for posting a news article which mentioned Challenor, and some Reddit users alleged that Reddit were removing all mention of Challenor. Many subreddits, including r/Music which had 27 million subscribers, and 46 other subreddits with over 1 million subscribers, went private in protest.[253][254][255][256] On March 24, Reddit's CEO Steve Huffman said that Challenor had been inadequately vetted before being hired and that Reddit would review its relevant internal processes. Huffman attributed user suspensions to over-indexing on anti-harassment measures.[255] Challenor was also removed from her role as a Reddit admin.[257]

In late August, more than 70 subreddits went private to protest against COVID-19 misinformation on Reddit, as well as Reddit's refusal to delete subreddits undermining the severity of the pandemic.[258][259] A 2021 letter from the United States Senate to Reddit CEO Steve Huffman expressed concern about the spread of COVID-19 misinformation on the platform.[10]

2022

In July 2022, Reddit banned the use of the word "groomer" as a slur against LGBTQ+ people, in addition to categorizing claims that transgender people are mentally ill as hate speech.[260]

A 2022 study of 300 comments and posts discussing urinary tract infections found that fewer than 1% cited a source for their content, and several contained harmful medical misinformation that may dissuade readers from seeking medical care or lead to dangerous self-medication, such as proposing fasting as a cure for UTIs.[261]

Science

Aggregate Reddit user data has been used for scientific research.[262] For example, a 2014 study showed how subreddits can support role-based group recommendations or provide evaluation towards group stability and growth.[263] Another study evoked a connection between cognitive and attention dynamics and the usage of online social peer production platforms, including the effects of deterioration of user performance.[264] There is also work that has studied the influence of Reddit posts on the popularity of Wikipedia content.[265] A participant-observation study of April Fools' Day 2017 social experiment on r/place identified top-down and bottom-up coordination mechanisms, rules and emergence, and analyze their relative impact on the collaboratively created artwork, revealing cooperation and conflict, using qualitative and quantitative methods.[266]

Data from Reddit can also be used to assess academic publications.[267]

See also

Similar websites

Notes

  1. ^ The site's display interface is available in several common languages, but most of its user-submitted content is written in English with no built-in translation feature. Individual subreddits may opt to cater to a specific language, only allowing posts and comments to be in that language.
  2. ^ Reddit can be viewed without an account but registration is required to submit, comment or vote. Registration is also occasionally required to view posts marked as Not Safe for Work.
  3. ^ Previously written in Lisp, then rewritten in Python in 2005.

References

  1. ^ "What languages is Reddit available in?". Reddit Help.
  2. ^ "Reddit on June 23-05". December 5, 2006. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  3. ^ Goswami, Rohan (June 1, 2023). "Reddit will charge hefty fees to the many third-party apps that access its data". CNBC.
  4. ^ Kelly, Keith (June 16, 2023). "Condé Nast's hold on Reddit slips but Newhouse family has cushion". New York Post.
  5. ^ Ludlow, Edward (June 6, 2023). "Reddit joins the tech layoff trend by cutting 5% of its staff amid a stalled IPO and effort to stop losing money". Fortune. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  6. ^ Patel, Sahil (December 1, 2020). "Reddit Claims 52 Million Daily Users, Revealing a Key Figure for Social-Media Platforms". The Wall Street Journal.
  7. ^ "Seeing the forest in the trees: two years of technology changes in one post". Reddit. January 17, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Ohlheiser, Abby (November 30, 2016). "Reddit will limit the reach of a pro-Trump board and crack down on its 'most toxic users'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Archived from the original on January 14, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  9. ^ "Careers - Reddit". Reddit. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Luján, Klobuchar, Heinrich Urge Reddit to Combat Health Misinformation". Senator Ben Ray Luján. United States Senate. October 6, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  11. ^ Carr, David (September 2, 2012). "Reddit Thrives Under Hands-Off Policy of Advance Publications". The New York Times. United States. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved March 22, 2019. And when it became clear that Reddit was hamstrung in competition for leadership and engineers as part of Condé Nast, the company was spun out as an operationally independent subsidiary in 2011.
  12. ^ Alden, William (October 1, 2014). "With Reddit Deal, Snoop Dogg Moonlights as a Tech Investor". The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  13. ^ Cheredar, Tom (September 8, 2014). "Reddit reportedly raising $50M at a $500M valuation". VentureBeat. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  14. ^ Kafka, Peter; Swisher, Kara (September 7, 2014). "Reddit Raising a Big Round, and Some Y Combinator Players Are in the Mix". Recode. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  15. ^ a b c d e Wagner, Kurt (July 31, 2017). "Reddit raised $200 million in funding and is now valued at $1.8 billion". Recode. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  16. ^ Saxena, Aparajita (February 11, 2019). "Reddit valued at $3 billion after raising $300 million in latest funding round". Reuters. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  17. ^ "Reddit Secures Funding to Continue Growth Plans". Upvoted. August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  18. ^ "Reddit taps Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs for IPO". The Economic Times. January 8, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  19. ^ Roof, Katie; Tse, Crystal (January 7, 2022). "Reddit Taps Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs for IPO". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  20. ^ a b Nast, Condé (April 17, 2023). "I'm Reddit's CEO and Think Regulating Social Media Is Tyranny. AITA?". WIRED. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  21. ^ a b Marjanovic, Sara; Stańczak, Karolina; Augenstein, Isabelle (October 26, 2022). "Quantifying gender biases towards politicians on Reddit". PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 17 (10): e0274317. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274317. ISSN 1932-6203.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Hempel, Jessi (October 6, 2015). "Inside Reddit's plan to recover from its epic meltdown". Wired. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  23. ^ a b c Fink, Steve (August 2015). "Mr. Meme". Baltimore. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  24. ^ Williams, Michelle (August 2015). "'This internet thing is not a fad': Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian to discuss online entrepreneurship at UMass Amherst". Mass Live. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  25. ^ Guy Raz (August 31, 2017). "Make Me Smart 6: Reddit CEO Steve Huffman is not horsing around" (Podcast). NPR. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  26. ^ a b "Live Episode! Reddit: Alexis Ohanian & Steve Huffman". How I Built This With Guy Raz. August 31, 2017. NPR.
  27. ^ Wallace, Benjamin (October 6, 2015). "Reddit Redux". New York. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  28. ^ Christine Lagorio-Chafkin (2018). We Are the Nerds: The Birth and Tumultuous Life of Reddit, the Internet's Culture Laboratory. Hachette Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-0316435369.
  29. ^ Richards, Zak. "Unleashing High-Profile, High-Profit Websites". Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  30. ^ Macale, Sherilynn "Cheri" (October 13, 2011). "A rundown of Reddit's history and community [Infographic]". The Next Web Social Media. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  31. ^ Casey Johnston (June 21, 2012). "reddit founders made hundreds of fake profiles so site looked popular". Ars Technica.
  32. ^ Singel, Ryan (July 19, 2011). "Feds Charge Activist as Hacker for Downloading Millions of Academic Articles". Wired. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  33. ^ Swartz, Aaron (February 27, 2006). "Introducing Infogami". Infogami. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2007. (archive.org link)
  34. ^ @alexisohanian (July 19, 2011). "Alexis Ohanian Sr. 🚀 on Twitter: "ATTN @nytimes Steve Huffman & I founded @reddit. We acquired Aaron Swartz's company infogami 6mos after we launched." / Twitter" (Tweet). Retrieved July 17, 2020 – via Twitter.
  35. ^ a b Arrington, Michael (October 31, 2006). "Breaking news: Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Reddit". TechCrunch. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
  36. ^ Aaron Swartz (November 15, 2006). "Office Space". Aaron Swartz's Raw Thought. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  37. ^ "A Chat with Aaron Swartz". Blogoscoped.com. May 7, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  38. ^ Peterson, Andrea (July 15, 2015). "The two co-founder quotes that explain Reddit's struggle to grow up". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  39. ^ Lagorio-Chafkin, Christine (June 27, 2011). "30 Under 30: Adam Goldstein and Steve Huffman, Founders of Hipmunk". Inc. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  40. ^ Kincaid, Jason (November 1, 2010). "Reddit Chief Takes Flight To Hipmunk, Explains Why He's Leaving Now". Techcrunch.com. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  41. ^ Parks, Miles (January 1, 2015). "Erik Martin helped make Reddit huge, then he left. What's next for an Internet master?". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  42. ^ a b Cheredar, Tom (March 30, 2012). "Reddit General Manager Erik Martin leads Time's "100 Most Influential" poll". VentureBeat. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  43. ^ Kafka, Peter (March 27, 2009). "Reddit's Ad Experiment Is Good News for Condé Nast. Maybe for Digg, Too". All Things Digital. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  44. ^ a b c d Loizos, Connie (July 31, 2017). "Reddit just raised a new round that values the company at $1.8 billion". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  45. ^ Siegler, MG (November 12, 2009). "Reddit opens its homepage to anyone willing to pay (invites)". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  46. ^ Shu, Catherine (June 12, 2013). "Reddit Adds Benefits For Gold Members To Further Monetize The Site Without More Ads". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  47. ^ "blog.reddit – what's new online: Independence". Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  48. ^ "Reddit Plans SOPA 'Blackout' Protest Jan. 18". Entertainment Consumers Association. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  49. ^ Cartwright, Madison (July 4, 2018). "Who cares about Reddit? Historical institutionalism and the fight against the Stop Online Piracy Act and the PROTECT Intellectual Property Act". Policy Studies. 39 (4): 383–401. doi:10.1080/01442872.2018.1472757. ISSN 0144-2872. S2CID 158502071.
  50. ^ Kerr, Dara (March 8, 2012). "Reddit names new CEO, Yishan Wong". CNET. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  51. ^ "Reddit CEO Explains Why He and Company Battled Over Office Space". ABC News. November 14, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
  52. ^ a b Rushe, Dominic (November 13, 2014). "Reddit CEO Yishan Wong resigns after row about new office space". The Guardian. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  53. ^ Olanoff, Drew (February 14, 2013). "Reddit Starts Accepting Bitcoin for Reddit Gold Purchases Thanks To Partnership With Coinbase". Techcrunch. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  54. ^ Alba, Davey (July 10, 2015). "Ellen Pao steps down as CEO after Reddit revolt". Wired. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  55. ^ "Reddit, under Ellen Pao, launches harassment crackdown". BBC. May 15, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  56. ^ Dewey, Caitlin (June 10, 2015). "These are the 5 subreddits Reddit banned under its game-changing anti-harassment policy — and why it banned them". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  57. ^ Breit, Johannes (July 20, 2018). "We Banned Holocaust Deniers From Our History Subreddit. Here's Why Facebook Should Do the Same". Slate.com. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  58. ^ Issac, Mike (July 10, 2015). "Ellen Pao Is Stepping Down as Reddit's Chief". New York Times. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pardes, Arielle (April 2, 2018). "The inside story of Reddit's redesign". Wired. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  60. ^ a b Lagorio-Chafkin, Christine (March 9, 2018). "Steve Huffman Talks About Bringing Reddit Back From the Brink". Inc. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  61. ^ "Reddit Launches New Block Tools To Help Temper Harassment". April 6, 2016.
  62. ^ a b Matney, Lucas (August 27, 2017). "Reddit's new CTO was the company's first hire". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  63. ^ "r/announcements – Upcoming changes to our content policy, our board, and where we're going from here". reddit. June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  64. ^ Yurieff, Kaya; Ashley O'Brien, Sara (June 10, 2020). "Alexis Ohanian asked to be replaced by a black candidate on Reddit's board. Reddit listened". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  65. ^ Staff (December 13, 2020). "Reddit Welcomes Video Platform Dubsmash to Team". Upvoted. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  66. ^ Duffy, Clare. "Reddit names its first-ever CFO as it mulls IPO". CNN. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  67. ^ Picchi, Aimee (December 16, 2021). "Reddit says it has filed for an IPO". CBS News. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  68. ^ "Reddit I.P.O. Is a Step Closer After Confidential Filing to Go Public". The New York Times. December 15, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  69. ^ Thomas, Owen (December 15, 2021). "Reddit has filed for an IPO." Protocol. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  70. ^ "Reddit acquires natural language processing company MeaningCloud". TechCrunch. July 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  71. ^ "Reddit Buys Natural Language Processing Startup MeaningCloud to Boost Product & Advertising". Voicebot.ai. July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  72. ^ Singh, Manish (June 1, 2023). "Fidelity has cut Reddit valuation by 41% since 2021 investment". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  73. ^ Satija, Bhanvi; Arunasalam, Samrhitha (June 6, 2023). Samuel, Maju (ed.). "Reddit to lay off about 5% of its workforce". Reuters. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  74. ^ "The Week in Ransomware - June 23rd 2023 - The Reddit Files". BleepingComputer. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  75. ^ a b c d e f Will Nicol (July 19, 2018). "What is Reddit? A beginner's guide to the front page of the internet". Digital Trends. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  76. ^ a b Michael Franco (September 5, 2018). "The Beginner's Guide to Reddit". Lifehacker. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  77. ^ Nudd, Tim (December 1, 2014). "The Meaning of 35 Brand Names, From Etsy to Reddit". Adweek. New York City, New York, U.S. ISSN 0199-2864. OCLC 1001870403. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  78. ^ "Reddit Frequently Asked Questions". Reddit. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  79. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (December 1, 2020). "Reddit reveals daily active user count for the first time: 52 million". The Verge. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  80. ^ Molina, Brett (August 31, 2017). "Reddit is extremely popular. Here's how to watch what your kids are doing". USA Today. Maribel Perez Wadsworth. ISSN 0734-7456. OCLC 931943141. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  81. ^ "Reddit Lets Community Moderators Enable Comments, Votes on Older Posts".
  82. ^ a b c d e Marotti, Ally (April 23, 2018). "Reddit to open Chicago office as part of advertising push". Chicago Tribune. Chicago: R. Bruce Dold. ISSN 2165-171X. OCLC 60639020. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  83. ^ Atagana, Michelle (August 22, 2014). "Creating a more curious generation through memes: Q&A with Reddit GM". Memeburn.com. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  84. ^ a b c d Klara, Robert (September 14, 2015). "How an Alien Doodle Became Reddit's Simple, Versatile Logo". Adweek. United States. ISSN 0199-2864. OCLC 1001870403. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  85. ^ a b c d Trachtenberg, Jeffrey (April 19, 2018). "Reddit taps Time Inc. veteran Jen Wong as its COO". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  86. ^ "What is Reddit Gold—and why do people keep giving it away?". The Daily Dot. July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  87. ^ Asarch, Steven (October 16, 2018). "Reddit Gold Update: How To Give And Get New Silver and Platinum Icons". Newsweek. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  88. ^ a b c Mick Statt (December 18, 2017). "Reddit overhauls mobile app with chat function and new moderation tools". The Verge. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  89. ^ "Enjoy your complimentary karma". Reddit. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
  90. ^ Roston, Brittany (August 14, 2021). "Reddit is the latest social platform to launch a TikTok clone". SlashGear. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  91. ^ Malik, Aisha (December 8, 2021). "Reddit to roll out personalized end-of-year recaps with stats about users' habits". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  92. ^ Reddit staff (July 7, 2022). "Blockchain-Backed Collectible Avatars Coming to Reddit via New Storefront". redditinc.com. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  93. ^ Richard, Lawler (July 7, 2022). "Reddit will sell 'Collectible Avatars,' and yes — they're NFTs". The Verge. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  94. ^ a b c Pardes, Arielle (July 18, 2018). "Reddit reinvents the chat room with community chat". Wired. United States. ISSN 1059-1028. OCLC 24479723. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  95. ^ Sean Keane (July 19, 2018). "Reddit's chat rooms are bringing back fast-paced conversation". CNET. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  96. ^ Roettgers, Janko (May 25, 2018). "Reddit Is Testing Community Chat Rooms to Take on Discord". Variety. United States. ISSN 0042-2738. OCLC 810134503. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  97. ^ steve [spez] (December 5, 2005). ""On lisp" blog post by Reddit founder "spez", detailing the reasons for switching to python from lisp". Blog.reddit.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  98. ^ "Official web.py site". Webpy.org. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  99. ^ Sites Using Pylons Archived September 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine – Pylons Community – PythonWeb
  100. ^ steve [spez] (June 17, 2008). "Reddit goes open source". Blog.reddit.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  101. ^ a b "r/changelog – An update on the state of the reddit/reddit and reddit/reddit-mobile repositories". reddit. September 1, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
  102. ^ "Reddit GitHub". GitHub. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
  103. ^ Edberg, Jeremy (November 10, 2009). "Moving to the cloud". Blog.reddit.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  104. ^ "Which Major Companies Use PostgreSQL? What Do They Use It for?". LearnSQL.com. May 19, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  105. ^ Doherty, Mike (February 28, 2018). "The Evolution of Data at Reddit - Upvoted". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  106. ^ Chandra, Krishnan (May 24, 2017). "View Counting at Reddit". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  107. ^ Ellis, Daniel (January 17, 2017). "Caching at Reddit". redditblog.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  108. ^ Uversky, Sergei; Espinola, Adam (January 13, 2021). "Improving Reddit Engineering through GAINS - Upvoted". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  109. ^ Slowe, Chris (January 30, 2009). "What's new on Reddit: Reddit now powered by jQuery". blog.reddit. Archived from the original on May 28, 2014.
  110. ^ Ramadas, Niranjan (June 30, 2017). "Why We Chose Typescript - Upvoted". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  111. ^ Slowe, Chris; Caldwell, Nick; Bitencourt-Emilio, Luis (September 7, 2017). "The Search for Better Search at Reddit - Upvoted". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  112. ^ Miller, Ron (September 7, 2017). "Reddit teams with Lucidworks to build new search framework". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  113. ^ Siegler, MG (June 9, 2010). "Reddit Finally Becomes Usable On The Mobile Web — Cause They Hate The App Store". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  114. ^ Kumparak, Greg (October 15, 2014). "Reddit Acquires Alien Blue, The Most Popular Unofficial Reddit App". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  115. ^ Reddit scraps Alien Blue in favor of in-house built iOS and Android apps April 2016
  116. ^ a b Spradlin, Liam (September 3, 2014). "Reddit's Official Ask Me Anything App Hits The Play Store As Promised". Android Police. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  117. ^ Steve Huffman (December 12, 2005). "blog.reddit – what's new on reddit: comments!". Redditblog.com. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  118. ^ a b Vanhemert, Kyle (January 9, 2014). "Fascinating graphs show how Reddit got huge by going mainstream". Wired. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  119. ^ a b Cheredar, Tom (July 23, 2013). "Reddit rolls out its front page-changing multireddit feature to the public". VentureBeat. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  120. ^ Fingas, Jon (March 24, 2015). "Reddit now lets you embed comments on other websites". Engadget. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  121. ^ a b Toor, Amar (May 26, 2016). "Reddit moves away from Imgur with new photo-uploading tool". The Verge. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  122. ^ a b Perez, Sarah (August 17, 2017). "Reddit rolls out its own video platform". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  123. ^ a b Mejia, Zameena (March 28, 2017). "The hidden benefit of Twitter's hate-speech controls: avoiding TV spoilers". Quartz. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  124. ^ a b Loten, Angus (April 10, 2018). "Reddit CEO revamped outdated website from the IT foundations". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  125. ^ "The lifecycle of a redesign: Making Reddit more welcoming | Inside Design Blog". www.invisionapp.com.
  126. ^ a b c d e f g Pardes, Rielle (July 6, 2018). "The Transformative Power of Reddit's Alien Mascot". Wired. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  127. ^ a b c d Morris, Kevin (August 11, 2011). "How Reddit's alien landed". The Daily Dot. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  128. ^ Bond, John-Michael; Powell, Austin (June 21, 2017). "TIL 30 interesting facts about Reddit". The Daily Dot. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  129. ^ a b Spector, Nicole (December 4, 2017). "Hipster internet favorite Reddit may have to lose its edge to go public". NBC News. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  130. ^ Li, Roland (October 2, 2019). "Reddit moving headquarters to SF's Mid-Market, joining Uber and Square". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  131. ^ Hess, Abigail (January 29, 2018). "How to land a job at Reddit". CNBC. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  132. ^ Jenny Darmody (December 11, 2017). "From Pixar to people: How katelin Holloway's career brought her to Reddit". Silicon Republic. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  133. ^ Tsukayama, Hayley (September 5, 2017). "Reddit co-founder is latest tech executive to take parental leave". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  134. ^ Isaac, Mike (August 12, 2021). "Reddit is valued at more than $10 billion in latest funding round". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  135. ^ Sen, Anirban (September 2, 2021). "EXCLUSIVE-Reddit seeks to hire advisers for U.S. IPO -sources". Reuters. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  136. ^ Rodriguez, Salvador (December 15, 2021). "Reddit files to go public". CNBC. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  137. ^ Needleman, Sarah E. (December 16, 2021). "Reddit Files Confidentially for IPO". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  138. ^ Tynski, Chris (February 2, 2012). "Could Reddit Be the World's Most Influential Website?". BlueGlass. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
  139. ^ Schaaf, Alan (February 23, 2009). "My Gift to Reddit: I created an image hosting service that doesn't suck. What do you think?". Reddit. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  140. ^ "Interview: Imgur's Path to a Billion Image Views Per Day – Liz Gannes – Social – AllThingsD". AllThingsD.
  141. ^ "Social Media By Gender: Women Dominate Pinterest, Twitter, Men Dominate Reddit, YouTube (INFOGRAPHIC)". June 21, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2017 – via Huff Post.
  142. ^ a b Barthel, Michael; Stoking, Galen; Holcomb, Jesse; Mitchell, Amy (February 25, 2016). "Seven-in-Ten Reddit Users Get News on the Site". Pew Research Center. Retrieved May 28, 2017. While just 4% of U.S. adults report using Reddit, about seven-in-ten of these users (78%) get news on the site.
  143. ^ Marjanovic, Sara; Stańczak, Karolina; Augenstein, Isabelle (2022). "Quantifying gender biases towards politicians on Reddit". PLOS ONE. 17 (10): 4. arXiv:2112.12014. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1774317M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274317. PMC 9603992. PMID 36288326. Reddit is predominantly left-leaning, with less than 19% of overall users leaning right.
  144. ^ abc blog (August 31, 2012). "The Reddit effect". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  145. ^ Lee, Dave (March 14, 2018). "Reddit holds the secret to fixing Facebook". BBC News. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  146. ^ Stainkamph, Max (January 27, 2020). "Netflix is latest victim: 5 things censored in Indonesia". Rappler.
  147. ^ Croft-Cutsworth, Catriona (May 16, 2014). "Indonesia bans Vimeo". Lowy Institute.
  148. ^ Chong, Celena (August 13, 2015). "Russia bans Reddit". Business Insider. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  149. ^ Chong, Celena. "Russia bans Reddit over shrooms". Business Insider. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  150. ^ Williams, Owen (June 26, 2015). "Reddit has been caught in China's Great Firewall". The Next Web.
  151. ^ "https://reddit.com is 100% blocked in China". greatfire.org. Archived from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  152. ^ Ravikumar, Sau Sachin (April 3, 2019). "Reddit, Telegram among websites blocked in India: internet groups". Reuters India. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  153. ^ "New Use of 'Brigade'". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  154. ^ Blair, Tony (March 10, 2021). "Social Media Futures: What Is Brigading?". www.institute.global.
  155. ^ "Reddit Content Policy". www.redditinc.com. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  156. ^ Greenpeace.org: Humpbacks to be spared the harpoon -- for now Archived February 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  157. ^ "Rules of Reddit". Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  158. ^ "Critics blast Reddit over climate-change skeptic ban". Fox News. December 19, 2013. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2019. Reddit's director of communications told FoxNews.com that while it was Allen's prerogative to ban climate-change skeptics from "/r/science", his statements "do not reflect the views of Reddit as a whole, or other science or climate-oriented subreddits. Each subreddit community is entitled to its own views, and anyone who wants to start their own subreddit is welcome to do so devoted to their views, opinions or interests"
  159. ^ Sam Kirkland (November 25, 2014). "How to get your news site banned from Reddit". Poynter. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. If you don't like how a moderator is managing a subreddit, the best solution is to start your own subreddit and moderate it with different rules, said Victoria Taylor, director of communications for Reddit.
  160. ^ "blog.reddit – what's new on reddit: reddit, we need to talk..." redditblog.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  161. ^ "A necessary change in policy: blog". reddit. February 12, 2012. Archived from the original on February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  162. ^ "Image from Yishan Wong". imgur.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
  163. ^ Rob Price (July 15, 2015). "Reddit's old CEO rewrites the history of Reddit and says 'the purge' of users will begin". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  164. ^ Morris, Kevin (February 12, 2012). "Reddit bans "suggestive or sexual content" of minors". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  165. ^ "How Internet Platforms Are Combating Disinformation and Misinformation in the Age of COVID-19". New America. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  166. ^ Garcia-Navarro, Lulu (December 8, 2019). "Managing Misinformation On Reddit". NPR. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  167. ^ Cinnelli, Matteo; De Francisci Morales, Gianmarco; Galeazzi, Alessandro; Starnini, Michele (February 23, 2021). "The echo chamber effect on social media". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (9): e2023301118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11823301C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2023301118. PMC 7936330. PMID 33622786.
  168. ^ "Innocents accused in online manhunt". 3 News NZ. April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  169. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (April 26, 2013). "Family of Sunil Tripathi – missing student wrongly linked to Boston marathon bombing – thank well-wishers for messages of support". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015. The cause of the student's death has still be determined but the medical examiner said no foul play was suspected.
  170. ^ Nark, Jason. "The Boston bombing's forgotten victim". Philadelphia Daily News. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014. Akhil spent the most time with Sunny before his suicide, weekends at Brown where he tried to help his youngest child foresee a future.
  171. ^ Martin, Erik. "Reflections on the Recent Boston Crisis". Reddit. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
  172. ^ Harnick, Chris (November 24, 2013). "'The Good Wife' Recap: Alicia Takes on Anonymous Posters in 'Whack-A-Mole'". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  173. ^ Hathaway, Jay (November 11, 2014). "Here's How The Newsroom Covered Reddit's Failed Boston Bombing Manhunt". Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  174. ^ Fallon, Kevin. "'Newsroom' Premiere: Aaron Sorkin Puts CNN on Blast Over the Boston Bombing". Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  175. ^ Staff writers (July 15, 2015). "Why does the internet hate Ellen Pao?". News.com.au. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  176. ^ Griffin, Andrew (June 11, 2015). "Reddit bans communities including 'Fat People Hate' as users say anti-harassment policies could be 'beginning of the end'". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  177. ^ Woollacott, Emma. "Users Flock To Voat As Reddit Shuts Harassing Groups". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  178. ^ Wendling, Mike (June 29, 2015). "What should social networks do about hate speech?". Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  179. ^ "Reddit in uproar after staff sacking". BBC News. BBC. July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 3, 2015. About 100 chat sections, or sub-reddits, that together have millions of readers are believed to have been shut. Reddit's only comment about the issue has been to say that it did not talk about 'individual employee matters'. The protests were led by the volunteer moderators of the AMA section, which said in an explanatory posting that they needed Ms Taylor to keep the sub-reddit functioning. Ms Taylor helped organise guests for AMAs and worked to verify that people due to answer questions were who they said they were. There had been no explanation of why she was suddenly sacked, said the administrators.
  180. ^ "Reddit: Laute Rufe nach Absetzung von CEO Ellen Pao". Der Standard. July 4, 2015. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015. Zwar sind einige Foren wieder entsperrt, trotzdem ist Pao weiterhin Ziel vielerlei Angriffe. Zusätzliches Öl ins Feuer goss ein ehemaliger Community Manager der Online-Community, der angab von der Reddit-Chefin aufgrund seiner Krebserkrankung gefeuert worden zu sein. Zuvor wurde dem an Leukämie erkrankten Mitarbeiter eingeräumt, beim Unternehmen zu verbleiben – allerdings meldete sich Pao nur wenig später und gab ihm zu wissen, dass er aufgrund seiner Erkrankung nicht mehr bei Reddit verbleiben könnte. So zumindest die Behauptung, die wenig später offline ging.
  181. ^ "Reddit's CEO Allegedly Fired an Employee For Having Cancer and Not Recovering Fast Enough". Next Shark. July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  182. ^ McGregor, Jena (July 6, 2015). "More than 200k people have signed a petition calling for Reddit's Ellen Pao to step down". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  183. ^ Musil, Steven (July 5, 2015). "Petition for Pao resignation from Reddit grows to 130K". Cnet. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  184. ^ Malik, Naureen; Jones, Tim (July 5, 2015). "Reddit CEO Pao Under Fire as Users Protest Removal of Executive". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  185. ^ Reddit CEO Ellen Pao apologizes: 'We screwed up' Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine By Laurie Segall and Chris Isidore CNN.com July 6, 2015
  186. ^ Reddit CEO Ellen Pao Issues an Apology for the Direction of the Site Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine by Laura Entis FoxNews.com July 6, 2015
  187. ^ Jack Linshi (July 6, 2015). "Ellen Pao: Reddit CEO Apologizes After Petition for Her to Resign". TIME.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  188. ^ Titcomb, James (July 7, 2015). "Petition calling for Reddit boss Ellen Pao to resign hits 200,000 as she admits 'we screwed up'". London: The Telegraph. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  189. ^ Mike, Isaac (July 10, 2015). "Ellen Pao Is Stepping Down as Reddit's Chief". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  190. ^ Weinberger, Matt (August 5, 2015). "Reddit finally bans its most infamous racist communities because they 'made recruiting here more difficult'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
  191. ^ "Quarantined Subreddits". Reddit Help. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  192. ^ Shakir, Umar (April 18, 2023). "Reddit's upcoming API changes will make AI companies pony up". The Verge. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  193. ^ Peters, Jay (June 8, 2023). "It's not just Apollo: other Reddit apps are shutting down, too". The Verge. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  194. ^ Porter, Jon (June 5, 2023). "Major Reddit communities will go dark to protest threat to third-party apps". The Verge. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  195. ^ IV, Antonio Pequeño. "Reddit Blackout Rolls On For More Than 5,000 Subreddits Past Planned End Date—Some Of Which Plan To Stay Dark Indefinitely". Forbes. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  196. ^ Peters, Jay (June 17, 2023). "Three of the biggest Reddit communities reopened in the funniest way possible". The Verge. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  197. ^ Peters, Jay (June 21, 2023). "Reddit removed moderators behind the latest protests before restoring a few of them". The Verge. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  198. ^ McArdle, Megan (June 15, 2023). "Reddit followed Goodwill's playbook. Now Redditors are on strike". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  199. ^ "Say hello to men who hate NSA spying but blame women for being spied on". The Verge. September 1, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  200. ^ Vincent, James (September 1, 2014). "Is Apple's iCloud safe after leak of Jennifer Lawrence and other celebrities' nude photos?". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  201. ^ "Celebrity Naked Photos Leaked – #theFappening – So You Have A Girlfriend". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  202. ^ "The Fappening Is Being Broadcast Live On Reddit With 100,000+ Viewers". Business 2 Community. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  203. ^ Anthony Johnston, Metro World News (October 10, 2014). "Security expert weighs in on 'The Fappening' and the iCloud". Metro. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  204. ^ "Hunt begins for hacker behind Jennifer Lawrence nude photo theft". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  205. ^ "Jennifer Lawrence nude photos leaked: Hacker posts explicit pics". NewsComAu. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  206. ^ Price, Rob (September 2, 2014). "There's child porn in the massive celebrity nudes hack". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  207. ^ Geller, Eric (September 7, 2014). "Reddit just banned the subreddit at the center of Celebgate". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  208. ^ Sottek, T.C. (September 8, 2014). "Reddit is a failed state". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  209. ^ Sankin, Aaron (November 2, 2014). "Is Reddit broken beyond repair?". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  210. ^ Goldman, David (December 29, 2014). "Reddit takes down Sony hack forum". CNN. Archived from the original on January 4, 2015. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
  211. ^ Boris van Zanten (May 30, 2016). "Reddit CEO Steve Huffman: 'We know your dark secrets. We know everything.'". The Next Web (TNW). Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  212. ^ Haworth, Jessica (May 30, 2016). "Reddit CEO tells users 'we know your dark secrets' as he strikes fear into web surfers". Mirror. OCLC 223228477. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  213. ^ a b "Reddit CEO Steve Huffman says, "We know your dark secrets"". Daily News and Analysis. May 31, 2016. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  214. ^ "CEO of Reddit, Steve Huffman, about advertising on Reddit: "We know all of your interests. Not only just your interests you are willing to declare publicly on Facebook – we know your dark secrets, we know everything" (TNW Conference, 26 May) (27,500 votes)". Reddit. May 29, 2016. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  215. ^ "New Ad Type: Promoted User Posts". Reddit (official announcement). July 26, 2016. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  216. ^ "Sponsored headline tests: placement and design". Reddit (official announcement). June 23, 2016. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  217. ^ Roth, Max (September 22, 2016). "Allegedly secret LDS Church documents leaked". Fox 13 Now. Fox 13 Salt Lake. Archived from the original on September 28, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  218. ^ Wenzke, Marissa (September 26, 2016). "Inside the online world of ex-Mormons". Mashable. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  219. ^ Yeung, Ken. "Reddit CEO apologizes for editing comments critical of him following Pizzagate ban". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  220. ^ Russell, Jon. "Reddit CEO admits he secretly edited comments from Donald Trump supporters". Techcrunch. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  221. ^ Weingerger, Matt. "The CEO of Reddit confessed to modifying posts from Trump supporters after they wouldn't stop sending him expletives". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  222. ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (November 24, 2016). "Fearing yet another witch hunt, Reddit bans 'Pizzagate'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  223. ^ Blake, Andrew (November 25, 2016). "Reddit CEO admits editing posts, directing obscene comments to pro-Trump administrators". Washington Times. ISSN 0732-8494. OCLC 8472624. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  224. ^ "Pizzagate subreddit webpage". Reddit. November 23, 2016. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  225. ^ Huffman, Steve (November 30, 2016). "TIFU by editing some comments and creating an unnecessary controversy". Reddit. Archived from the original on November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  226. ^ Lee, Dave (November 30, 2016). "Reddit moves against 'toxic' Trump fans". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  227. ^ "Reddit shuts down 'alt-right' subreddit". CNET. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  228. ^ Resnick, Gideon (February 2, 2017). "Reddit Bans Alt-Right Group". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  229. ^ Weinberger, Matt (February 2, 2017). "Reddit bans a major alt-right community — and there may be a very good reason". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 30, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  230. ^ Hern, Alex (February 2, 2017). "Reddit bans far-right groups altright and alternativeright". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  231. ^ Collins, Ben (March 6, 2018). "Reddit Rises Up Against CEO for Hiding Russian Trolls". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  232. ^ "Opinions Are Split On The Attempt To Shut Down Popular Subreddit r/KotakuInAction [Opinion]". The Inquisitr. July 14, 2018. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  233. ^ "Reddit employee saves GamerGate subreddit, KotakuInAction, after founder closes it". Polygon. Archived from the original on July 16, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  234. ^ "Netizens slam 'disturbing' photos of PH subsite on Reddit". The Manila Times. January 14, 2019. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  235. ^ Constine, Josh (February 11, 2019). "Reddit confirms $300M Series D led by China's Tencent at $3B value". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  236. ^ a b Osborne, Charlie (February 11, 2019). "Winnie The Pooh takes over Reddit due to Chinese investment, censorship fears". ZDNet. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  237. ^ "Reddit: Censorship fears spark criticism of Tencent funding reports". BBC News. February 11, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  238. ^ Law, Tara (February 11, 2019). "Chinese Company's Reddit Investment Angers Users Who Fear Censorship". Time. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  239. ^ a b Verhage, Julie (February 11, 2019). "China's Tencent Invests in Reddit, Sparking Free Speech Protests". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  240. ^ Liao, Shannon (February 11, 2019). "Reddit gets a $150 million investment from Tencent and users are posting memes to mock the deal". The Verge. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  241. ^ "Racism is rampant on Reddit, and its editors are in open revolt". SFGate. June 18, 2020.
  242. ^ "Promoting Hate Based on Identity or Vulnerability". Reddit Help.
  243. ^ "Update to Our Content Policy". reddit. June 29, 2020.
  244. ^ Lima, Cristiano (June 29, 2020). "Reddit bans pro-Trump forum in crackdown on hate speech". Politico. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  245. ^ a b "Reddit bans r/The_Donald and r/ChapoTrapHouse as part of a major expansion of its rules". The Verge. June 29, 2020.
  246. ^ "Reddit Bans Feminist Sub r/GenderCritical". 4W – A Feminist Publication. June 29, 2020.
  247. ^ "Saagar and Ryan Grim: Reddit's OUTRAGEOUS BAN of pro-Trump, Chapo trap house subreddits". The Hill. June 30, 2020. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020 – via YouTube.
  248. ^ Isaac, Mike; Conger, Kate (January 8, 2021). "Reddit bans forum dedicated to supporting Trump, and Twitter permanently suspends his allies who spread conspiracy theories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  249. ^ Fischer, Sara (January 8, 2021). "Reddit bans subreddit group "r/DonaldTrump"". Axios. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  250. ^ Guynn, Jessica. "'They want to take your speech away,' censorship cry unites Trump supporters and extremists after Capitol attack". USA TODAY. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  251. ^ Reimann, Nicholas. "Reddit Bans 'r/donaldtrump' Subreddit". Forbes. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  252. ^ Phillips, Matt; Lorenz, Taylor (January 27, 2021). "'Dumb Money' Is on GameStop, and It's Beating Wall Street at Its Own Game". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
  253. ^ Goforth, Claire (March 24, 2021). "Massive subs all go private to protest Reddit's hiring of a pedophile 'enabler'". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021.
  254. ^ Tamburro, Paul (March 24, 2021). "Reddit's most popular subreddits go private in protest against 'censorship'". GameRevolution. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  255. ^ a b Robertson, Adi (March 24, 2021). "Major subreddits are going dark to protest Reddit allegedly hiring a controversial UK politician". The Verge. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  256. ^ Knowles, Tom (March 25, 2021). "Social platform in Reddit censorship row over Spectator article". The Times. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  257. ^ Eccleston, Ben (March 25, 2021). "Coventry activist Aimee Challenor removed from Reddit role following backlash". CoventryLive. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  258. ^ Porterfield, Carlie. "Dozens Of Subreddits Go Private To Protest Reddit's Covid Disinformation Policy". Forbes. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  259. ^ "Reddit communities 'go dark' in protest over Covid misinformation". The Guardian. September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  260. ^ Chudy, Emily (July 15, 2022). "Anti-LGBTQ+ 'groomer' slur banned on Reddit in bid to tackle hate speech: 'Your move Twitter'". PinkNews. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  261. ^ Hart, Janelle (February 8, 2022). "Reddit study shows abundance of misinformation on recurrent UTIs". Urology Times. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  262. ^ Jones, Naiyan (March 27, 2020). "Key points when using Reddit as a source of data". Medium. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  263. ^ Buntain, C., & Golbeck, J. (2014). Identifying social roles in reddit using network structure Archived April 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 615–620). ACM.
  264. ^ Singer, P., Ferrara, E., Kooti, F., Strohmaier, M., & Lerman, K. (2016). Evidence of online performance deterioration in user sessions on Reddit. PloS one, 11(8), e0161636.
  265. ^ Moyer, D., Carson, S. L., Dye, T. K., Carson, R. T., & Goldbaum, D. (2015). Determining the influence of Reddit posts on Wikipedia pageviews. In Proceedings of the Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.
  266. ^ Litherland, Kristina T. (March 30, 2022). "Instruction vs. emergence on r/place: Understanding the growth and control of evolving artifacts in mass collaboration". Computers in Human Behavior. 122: 106845. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106845.
  267. ^ Haustein, Stefanie (2016). "Grand challenges in altmetrics: Heterogeneity, data quality and dependencies". Scientometrics. 108: 413–423. arXiv:1603.04939. Bibcode:2016arXiv160304939H. doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1910-9. S2CID 2169363.

Further reading

External links