Primary sector of the economy
| Economic sectors |
|---|
| Three-sector model |
|
Primary sector (raw materials) Secondary sector (manufacturing) Tertiary sector (services) |
| Additional sectors |
|
Quaternary sector (information services) Quinary sector (human services) |
| Theorists |
| AGB Fisher · Colin Clark · Jean Fourastié |
| Sectors by ownership |
| Business sector · Private sector · Public sector · Voluntary sector |
The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining.[1][2][3]
The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in developing countries than it does in developed countries. For example, in 2018, agriculture, forestry, and fishing comprised more than 15% of GDP in sub-Saharan Africa[4] but less than 1% of GDP in North America.[5]
In developed countries the primary sector has become more technologically advanced, enabling for example the mechanization of farming, as compared with lower-tech methods[a] in poorer countries.[6] More developed economies may invest additional capital in primary means of production: for example, in the United States corn belt, combine harvesters pick the corn, and sprayers spray large amounts of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, producing a higher yield than is possible using less capital-intensive techniques. These technological advances and investment allow the primary sector to employ a smaller workforce, so developed countries tend to have a smaller percentage of their workforce involved in primary activities, instead having a higher percentage involved in the secondary and tertiary sectors.[7]
List of countries by agricultural output
| Economy | Countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018 (billions in USD)
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(01)  China
|
2,101
| ||||||||
(02)  India
|
1,602
| ||||||||
(03)  Indonesia
|
486
| ||||||||
(—)  European Union
|
352
| ||||||||
(04)  Pakistan
|
284
| ||||||||
(05)  Nigeria
|
253
| ||||||||
(06)  Brazil
|
209
| ||||||||
(07)  Russia
|
196
| ||||||||
(08)  United States
|
185
| ||||||||
(09)  Iran
|
162
| ||||||||
(10)  Turkey
|
155
| ||||||||
(11)  Egypt
|
154
| ||||||||
(12)  Thailand
|
109
| ||||||||
(13)  Vietnam
|
108
| ||||||||
(14)  Bangladesh
|
108
| ||||||||
(15)  Argentina
|
101
| ||||||||
(16)  Mexico
|
100
| ||||||||
(17)  Philippines
|
92
| ||||||||
(18)  Myanmar
|
89
| ||||||||
(19)  Algeria
|
87
| ||||||||
(20)  Malaysia
|
84
| ||||||||
|
The twenty largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018, according to the IMF and CIA World Factbook. | |||||||||
See also
References
- ^ Chand, S. N. (2006). Dictionary of economics. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 268. ISBN 81-269-0535-2. OCLC 297507928.
- ^ "primary producer". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ Kjeldsen-Kragh, Søren (2007). The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development: The Lessons of History. Copenhagen Business School Press DK. p. 73. ISBN 978-87-630-0194-6.
- ^ "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | Sub-Saharan Africa". World Bank Open Data. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
- ^ "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | North America". World Bank Open Data. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
- ^ "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Data". data.worldbank.org.
- ^ H Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (March 1973)
- ^ Often using non-powered equipment, sometimes even hand-picking and hand-planting
Further reading
- Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (Mar., 1973)
- Cameron: General Economic and Social History
- Historia Económica y Social General, by Maria Inés Barbero, Rubén L. Berenblum, Fernando R. García Molina, Jorge Saborido
External links
Media related to Primary sector of the economy at Wikimedia Commons- Economy101.net: The Nature of Wealth
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