Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election

From Justapedia, unleashing the power of collective wisdom
Jump to navigation Jump to search

After the 2020 United States presidential election, the campaign for incumbent President Donald Trump and others filed and lost at least 63 lawsuits[1] contesting election processes, vote counting, and the vote certification process in multiple states, including Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.[2] Among the judges who dismissed the lawsuits were some appointed by Trump himself.[3]

Nearly all the suits were dismissed or dropped due to lack of evidence.[4] Judges, lawyers, and other observers described the suits as "frivolous"[5] and "without merit".[6][7] In one instance, the Trump campaign and other groups seeking his reelection collectively lost multiple cases in six states on a single day.[8] Only one ruling was initially in Trump's favor: the timing within which first-time Pennsylvania voters must provide proper identification if they wanted to “cure” their ballots. This ruling affected very few votes,[9] and it was later overturned by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.[10]

Trump, his attorneys, and his supporters falsely[11] asserted widespread election fraud in public statements, but few such assertions were made in court.[12] Every state except Wisconsin[13] met the December 8 statutory "safe harbor" deadline to resolve disputes and certify voting results. The Trump legal team had said it would not consider this election certification deadline as the expiration date for its litigation of the election results.[14][15][16] Three days after it was filed by Texas attorney general Ken Paxton, the U.S. Supreme Court on December 11 declined to hear a case supported by Trump and his Republican allies asking for electoral votes in four states to be rejected.[17]

One suit, Michigan Welfare Rights Org. et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al., was brought by black voter groups in Michigan against Trump and his 2020 presidential campaign.[18][19][20] Dominion Voting Systems brought defamation lawsuits against former Trump campaign lawyers Sidney Powell and Rudy Giuliani, each for $1.3 billion.[21][22] Smartmatic brought a defamation lawsuit against Fox Corporation and its anchors Lou Dobbs, Maria Bartiromo, and Jeanine Pirro as well as Giuliani and Powell for $2.7 billion.[23]

Background

Both before and after the election, the campaign for incumbent president Donald Trump filed a number of lawsuits contesting election processes, vote counting, and the vote certification process in multiple states, including Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin.[2] Many cases were quickly dismissed, and lawyers and other observers noted that the lawsuits are not likely to have an effect on the outcome of the election.[24][7][25][26] Trump, his supporters, and his attorneys asserted widespread election fraud in public statements.[27][28][29][30]

The Trump campaign suffered several setbacks on November 13, 2020. The Department of Homeland Security released a statement saying that the election was the "most secure in American history" and that there was no evidence any voting systems malfunctioned.[31] Sixteen federal prosecutors assigned to monitor the election sent a letter to Attorney General William Barr saying there was no evidence of widespread irregularities. A law firm hired by the campaign in Pennsylvania quit amidst concerns they were being used to undermine the electoral process. The campaign dropped its "Sharpiegate" lawsuit in Arizona. A judge in Wayne County, Michigan, refused to halt the vote count or certification of the winner. In Pennsylvania, judges refused to block 8,927 mail-in votes in Montgomery and Philadelphia counties.[32]

Four lawsuits orchestrated by conservative lawyer James Bopp in Georgia, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania were dropped on November 16 after a federal appellate court said voters could not bring some constitutional claims.[33] Sidney Powell was dropped as a lawyer for the Trump campaign on November 22,[34] and was operating independently on November 23.[35]

By November 27, 2020, more than thirty of the legal challenges filed since Election Day had failed;[36] by December 14, 2020, over fifty lawsuits had been dismissed.

Federal judges in Georgia and Michigan rejected last-ditch efforts by pro-Trump lawyer Sidney Powell to overturn the election results on December 7, 2020.[37] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan Judge Linda Parker wrote, "[T]his lawsuit seems to be less about achieving the relief Plaintiffs seek—as much of that relief is beyond the power of this Court—and more about the impact of their allegations on People's faith in the democratic process and their trust in our government." In the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Judge Timothy Batten wrote, "They want this court to substitute its judgment for two-and-a-half million voters who voted for Joe Biden... And this I am unwilling to do."[38]

Judges who were nominated by Trump also dismissed the claims and reliefs made by the Trump campaign in the courtrooms.[39]

Voting machine companies Dominion Voting Systems and Smartmatic threatened legal action, claiming that they were defamed by lawyers for Trump and right-wing media companies Fox, Newsmax, and OAN, who propounded conspiracy theories about the election technology companies.[40] On December 18, 2020, lawyers for the Trump campaign told employees to preserve all documents related to Sidney Powell and the Dominion Voting Systems in relation to the suits.[41]

Legal analysis and reactions

Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt said "[t]here's literally nothing that I've seen yet with the meaningful potential to affect the final result".[42] Ohio State University election law professor Ned Foley noted "[y]ou have to have a legal claim, and you have to have evidence to back it up. And that's just not there."[26] University of Kentucky law professor Joshua Douglas said the lawsuits "all seem to have no merit whatsoever".[43] Bradley P. Moss, an attorney specializing in national security, wrote that the suits "continue to defy reason and logic, and are purely theater ... It's all a farce".[44] University of California, Irvine election law professor Rick Hasen said there is "no evidence of fraud so far that could conceivably affect the election results".[25] Barry Richard, who helped to oversee the Republican-led Florida recount effort during the 2000 election, called the lawsuits "entirely without merit" and said they "will not be successful";[45] Gerry McDonough, an attorney who worked for the Gore campaign, said Trump "has no chance of overturning the result—it's just impossible".[46] The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency issued a statement calling the 2020 election "the most secure in American history" and noting "[t]here is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised".[31]

Jones Day, one of many law firms working for the Trump campaign and one that specifically handled Pennsylvania Democratic Party v. Boockvar,[47] faced internal criticism for its "shortsighted" efforts on litigation that "erode[s] public confidence in the election results".[48][49]

Summary of post-election lawsuits

The Trump campaign filed the most post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election in the swing states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. It was a strategic decision to file lawsuits in these states that were too close to call during the night of election day and remained uncalled for a few days.

Counts

Tally showing the number of lawsuits, sorted by state, that were dropped by plaintiff before a ruling, ruled against the plaintiff or dismissed by the court: this applying to all of the lawsuits filed by Trump and his supporters. The two cases currently ongoing, refer to Michigan Welfare Rights Org. et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 1:20-cv-03388 and Bennie G. Thompson v. Donald J. Trump, Rudolph W. Giuliani, Proud Boys International LLC, Oath Keepers U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 1:21-cv-00400. The one verdict in Pennsylvania ruled initially in Trump's favor, was after appeal, reversed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court against the decision of the Commonwealth Court affirming the decision of the state's Court of Common Pleas reinstating the decision of the Allegheny County Board of Elections to count 2,349 ballots. Thus making the total ruled in favor 0 and total ruled against 2.

Total count of post-election lawsuits
State Dropped Dismissed Trial
ongoing
Ruled
(against)
Ruled
(for)
Total
Arizona 3 4 0 0 0 7
Georgia 3 4 0 0 0 7
Michigan 2 4 0 1 0 7
Nevada 2 5 0 0 0 7
New Mexico 1 0 0 0 0 1
Pennsylvania 1 9 0 2 0 13
Wisconsin 1 5 0 1 1 8
Others 1 2 2 1 0 6
Totals 14 33 2 5 2 56

Case summaries

Unresolved post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election
State First filing date Case Court Docket no(s). Outcome Comments References
District of Columbia November 20, 2020 Michigan Welfare Rights Org. et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 1:20-cv-03388 Ongoing Black voters in the Detroit area have accused the Trump campaign of attempting to disenfranchise them. [18][19][20]
February 16, 2021 Bennie G. Thompson v. Donald J. Trump, Rudolph W. Giuliani, Proud Boys International LLC, Oath Keepers U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 1:21-cv-00400 Ongoing Bennie Thompson charged the defendants with violating the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 by obstructing the work of Congress in certifying the Electoral College vote results [50]
Resolved post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election outside of the swing states
State First filing date Case Court Docket no(s). Outcome Comments References
Federal December 7, 2020 Texas v. Pennsylvania et al. US Supreme Court (original jurisdiction) 22O155 Denied Lawsuit filed by Texas attorney general against Georgia, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

Denied due to lack of standing.

[51][52][53]
District of Columbia November 20, 2020 Wisconsin Voters Alliance et al. v. Pence et al. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 1:20-cv-03791 Appeal Dropped A lawsuit challenging the election results of Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Georgia and Arizona. Plaintiffs requested a preliminary injunction to keep defendants, including Vice President Pence and the two legislative bodies of Congress, from certifying the presidential and vice presidential electors presented by the aforementioned states.

Motion for preliminary injunction denied; court to consider arguments regarding disciplinary actions against plaintiffs. Voluntarily dismissed.

[54][55][56][57][58]
Minnesota November 24, 2020 Tyler Kistner et al. v. Steve Simon, et al. Minnesota Supreme Court A20-1486 Ruled Sought a temporary restraining order to delay the canvassing board's vote, alleging a variety of problems with the election.

On December 4, 2020, the Minnesota Supreme Court held that the doctrine of laches applied to petitioners' claims against the Secretary of State and that they had adequate time to bring suit prior to the election but failed to do so. In regards to observer access to post-election review, Minnesota law requires charges be served against county election officials which the petitioners did not do.

Dispositive Ruling in Favor of the Defense

[59][60]
Texas December 27, 2020 Gohmert et al. v. Pence United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas 6:20-cv-00660 Dismissal Affirmed Seeks an expedited declaratory judgment finding that Section 15 of the Electoral Count Act, 3 U.S.C. §§ 5 and 15 are unconstitutional because these provisions violate the Electors Clause and the Twelfth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Plaintiffs also request emergency injunctive relief required to effectuate the requested declaratory judgment.

Dismissed due to lack of standing and jurisdiction. Plaintiffs appealed to the 5th Circuit, where the dismissal was quickly affirmed.

[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]

Works related to Gohmert v. Pence at Wikisource
Works related to Gohmert v. Pence (Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals) at Wikisource

United States Supreme Court

Texas v. Pennsylvania et al.

On December 8, 2020, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton sued the states of Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in order to invalidate the results of the presidential election in those states; the lawsuit was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court[71] as it has original jurisdiction over disputes between states.[51] Texas alleged that the four states used the COVID-19 pandemic as a pretext to unconstitutionally change voting laws and increase the number of mail-in ballots.[52][72]

The attorneys general of Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin responded critically to the lawsuit,[52] while Trump and seventeen Republican state attorneys general filed motions to support the case.[73][74] After the office of Georgia's Attorney General Chris Carr described the lawsuit as "constitutionally, legally and factually wrong", Trump had a telephone conversation with Carr, in which he warned Carr not to rally other Republican state officials in opposition to the lawsuit.[75]

On December 10, over 100 House Republicans signed an amicus brief in support of Texas, including Minority Whip Steve Scalise and the ranking member on the Judiciary Committee, Jim Jordan.[72][76] That same day, the attorneys general of Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin asked the Supreme Court to reject the lawsuit.[77] In their briefs, the states challenged Texas' standing, and argued that the case did not belong in the high court; that Texas has no control over how other states conduct their elections; and that Texas waited too long to bring the suit.[77]

Legal experts criticized the lawsuit and said it was unlikely to succeed.[51][78] Rick Hasen, an election law expert at the University of California, Irvine, and Paul Smith, a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, questioned whether Texas has standing to bring the lawsuit and said the Supreme Court is unlikely to take up the case.[51] University of Texas law professor Stephen Vladeck remarked, "It looks like we have a new leader in the 'craziest lawsuit filed to purportedly challenge the election' category."[79]

On December 11, 2020, the Supreme Court denied the case:[17][80][81]

The State of Texas's motion for leave to file a bill of complaint is denied for lack of standing under Article III of the Constitution. Texas has not demonstrated a judicially cognizable interest in the manner in which another State conducts its elections. All other pending motions are dismissed as moot.[71]

Justice Alito, joined by Justice Thomas, contributed an additional statement, disagreeing with the denial:

In my view, we do not have discretion to deny the filing of a bill of complaint in a case that falls within our original jurisdiction. See Arizona v. California, 589 U. S. ___ (Feb. 24, 2020) (Thomas, J., dissenting). I would therefore grant the motion to file the bill of complaint but would not grant other relief, and I express no view on any other issue.[71]

Arizona

Several lawsuits were filed in the state of Arizona. All of these have either been dismissed or dropped.

District of Columbia

Michigan Welfare Rights Org. et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al.

Black voter groups in Michigan filed suit in the District of Columbia against the Trump campaign on November 20, 2020, alleging the campaign has disenfranchised Black voters through their attempts to challenge election results in Detroit, Philadelphia, Milwaukee, and Atlanta.[18][19]

Wisconsin Voters Alliance et al. v. Pence et al.

A lawsuit challenging the election results of Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Georgia and Arizona was filed by the Amistad Project of the conservative Thomas More Society.[54] Among the plaintiffs were the Wisconsin Voters Alliance.[55] Shortly after the lawsuit was filed, Michigan lawmakers Matt Maddock and Daire Rendon attempted to withdraw as plaintiffs, because "what was eventually filed is very different than what was initially discussed", said Maddock.[54]

The lawsuit named Vice President Mike Pence, Congress and the Electoral College among the defendants; however the Electoral College is not actually an entity, but a process.[55]

The request for injunction was denied on January 4, 2021, on the basis of lack of jurisdiction, lack of standing, and because Plaintiffs "have established no likelihood of success on the merits"[56] since the request was based on a fundamental misreading of the law.[57] Judge James E. Boasberg also stated that "at the conclusion of this litigation, the Court will determine whether to issue an order to show cause why this matter should not be referred to its Committee on Grievances for potential discipline of Plaintiffs’ counsel" due to their failure to duly notify or serve Defendants, despite reminders from the Court.[56][82] The lawsuit was withdrawn on January 7, 2021.[58]

Georgia

Several lawsuits were filed in Georgia after the election. All of these have either been dismissed or dropped.[83][84][85]

Michigan

Several lawsuits were filed in Michigan after the election. All of these have either been dismissed or dropped.

Minnesota

Kistner v. Simon

On November 24, 2020, a petition was filed in the Minnesota Supreme Court by 25 candidates from numerous races within Minnesota as well as a handful of voters against Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon and the state's canvassing board. The suit alleged various election problems and sought a temporary restraining order delaying certification of election results,[59] which had already been certified the previous day.[86]

On December 4, 2020, the Minnesota Supreme Court dismissed all 3 claims filed by the petitioners, and thereby ordered that the whole petitioned filed on November 24, 2020, be dismissed.[60]

The court's decision to dismiss was based partly on the grounds that petitioners should have filed suit earlier. "Given the undisputed public record regarding the suspension of the witness requirement for absentee and mail ballots, petitioners had a duty to act well before November 3, 2020," the ruling states. It goes on to say that "asserting these claims 2 months after voting started, 3 weeks after voting ended, and less than 24 hours before the State Canvassing Board met to certify the election results is unreasonable."[87]

Nevada

Seven lawsuits were filed in Nevada after November 3, 2020. All of these have either been dismissed or dropped.

New Mexico

Donald J. Trump for President v. Oliver et al.

On December 14, 2020, the same day that New Mexico electors cast their electoral college votes, the Trump campaign filed a lawsuit in federal court against New Mexico Secretary of State, Maggie Toulouse Oliver, the electors of New Mexico and the State Canvassing Board. The lawsuit concerns the use of drop boxes in the 2020 elections. The federal lawsuit claims that New Mexico Secretary of State Maggie Toulouse Oliver violated the state election code by permitting voters to deposit completed absentee ballots in drop boxes at voting locations rather than handing them to the location's presiding judge in person. The complaint asks the court to order a delay in certifying New Mexico's electoral vote, which had already occurred, and mandate a statewide canvass of New Mexico's absentee ballots, including investigations into every voting location where a drop box was implemented.[88][89]

On January 11, 2021, five days after Congress certified the results for Joe Biden, the campaign dropped the lawsuit.[90] Trump attorney Mark Caruso cited “events that have transpired since the inception of this lawsuit” in a three-page motion as the reason for dropping the lawsuit. Although, the motion still allows for revisiting these concerns in the future.[91]

Pennsylvania

Several lawsuits were filed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[42] Four had still been pending in federal jurisdiction at the United States Supreme Court. Of these, two lawsuits were filed after Election Day, and the other two were filed before the election. The lawsuits filed after Election day were Bognet et al. v. Boockvar et al. and Donald J. Trump for President v. Boockvar et al.. These remaining two lawsuits were dismissed without comment by the Supreme Court on February 22, 2021.[92] On April 19, 2021, more than five months after the November 3, 2020, election, the Supreme Court declined to hear the outstanding case brought by former Republican congressional candidate Jim Bognet, dismissing it without comment.[93]

Bognet et al. v. Boockvar et al.

Asked a federal court to overturn the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision allowing the receipt of ballots after Election Day. Dismissed by the Pennsylvania district court, appealed to 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals; dismissed, and appealed to the Supreme Court where it was dismissed without comment on February 22, 2021.[40]

Donald J. Trump for President v. Boockvar et al.

Donald J. Trump for President v. Boockvar et al. is a lawsuit filed in the United States Supreme Court on December 20, 2020.[94] The suit asks the Court to evaluate the constitutionality of three Pennsylvania Supreme Court decisions: In re November 3, 2020, Gen. Election, In re Canvassing Observation, and In re Canvass of Absentee & Mail-In Ballots of November 3, 2020, Gen. Election.[95] The Trump campaign also submitted a request to expedite proceedings,[95] but the Court ignored this and instead set the deadline for reply briefs from the respondents for January 22, 2021, two days after President Elect Biden's inauguration. It was dismissed without comment by the Supreme Court on February 22, 2021[96]

Texas

Gohmert et al. v. Pence

On December 27, 2020, Texas Congressman Louie Gohmert, Arizona Republican Party Chair Kelli Ward, and other Republican party members filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Vice President Mike Pence was named as defendant of the suit. The complaint argued that certain provisions of the Electoral Count Act of 1887 are unconstitutional under the Electors Clause and the Twelfth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The lawsuit's intended outcome was for Pence to be empowered to select self-styled "alternate" slates of electors from specific swing states on January 6, 2021, such that Trump received those states' electoral votes and wins the election; the Electoral Count Act does not give the Vice President any such "sole discretionary" power over electoral votes, and none of the self-styled "alternate" slates of electors from the swing states have been certified by their respective states' legal processes.[61][62][63]

Judge Jeremy Kernodle, U.S. District Court of the Eastern District of Texas, called for Vice President Pence to issue a response to the lawsuit by December 31, 2020, at 5 p.m. and for Gohmert to issue a reply to Pence by January 1, 2021, at 9 a.m.[64] Pence replied on December 31 that the suit should be dismissed because he is not the appropriate party to address the matter.[65] The Justice Department also requested the suit be dismissed.[97] On January 1, 2021, Gohmert and other Republicans filed a new brief contending that Pence is the proper defendant in the case, and that the United States or House or Senate parliamentarians could be added as defendants by the congressman for clarification. Gohmert stated that he needs a ruling by January 4, 2021.[98] Nonetheless, the Justice Department supported Pence and noted that Congress, not Pence, is more suitable to be sued. In addition, congressional lawyers supported Pence's position as well.[99]

The case was dismissed without prejudice on January 1, 2021, for lack of both standing and jurisdiction.[66][70][67][68] Judge Kernodle ruled that Gohmert lacked standing due to precedent set by the Supreme Court in 1997: alleging an "institutional injury to the House of Representatives" does not grant Gohmert standing to sue "as an individual". Additionally, Kernodle ruled that the injury Gohmert was alleging "requires a series of hypothetical—but by no means certain—events" that were "far too uncertain to support standing".[70][100] As for the other plaintiffs, Kernodle ruled that they lacked standing because the injury they alleged was "not fairly traceable" to the Vice President.[101] Gohmert appealed the district court's ruling that day.[70][69]

On January 2, a three-judge panel speedily and tersely rejected the appeal, "affirm[ing] the judgment" of the district court "essentially for the reasons stated" in Kernodle's order.[70][102] The unanimous ruling was made by three Republican appointees: Andy Oldham (Trump) and Patrick Higginbotham and Jerry Edwin Smith (Reagan).[70]

Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court, which on January 7 also tersely rejected his petition as "denied".[103]

Wisconsin

Several lawsuits were filed in Wisconsin after the election. A three-judge panel of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rejected Trump's appeal of a lower court's ruling in Trump v. Wisconsin Elections Commission on December 24.[104] The Court considered another case, Feehan et al. v. Wisconsin Elections Commission et al., though in December 2020 Sidney Powell filed an emergency petition with the United States Supreme Court seeking an extraordinary writ of mandamus for intervention in the case. The petition was denied without comment on March 1, 2021, ending the matter.[105]

Mark Jefferson v. Dane County, Wisconsin

On December 14, 2020, a petition was filed in the Wisconsin Supreme Court by Mark Jefferson and the Republican Party of Wisconsin seeking a declaration that (1) Dane County lacks the authority to issue an interpretation of Wisconsin's election law allowing all electors in Dane County to obtain an absentee ballot without a photo identification and (2) Governor Tony Evers' Emergency Order #12 did not authorize all Wisconsin voters to obtain an absentee ballot without a photo identification. The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled in favor of Mark Jefferson and the Republican Party of Wisconsin, stating that the Dane County government's interpretation of Wisconsin election laws was erroneous. "A county clerk may not 'declare' that any elector is indefinitely confined due to a pandemic," the court said. The court further stated that "...the presence of a communicable disease such as COVID-19, in and of itself, does not entitle all electors in Wisconsin to obtain an absentee ballot..."[106][107][108] This ruling had no effect on either the results of Dane County or Wisconsin.

Ethics sanctions

On June 25, 2021, a New York State appellate court suspended attorney Rudy Giuliani's New York law license. A few weeks later, a Washington D.C. court suspended his Washington D.C. law license.[109][110]

On July 12, 2021, U.S. District Judge Linda Parker of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan held a Zoom hearing and compelled the testimony of several lawyers that participated in post-election lawsuits, including Sidney Powell, L. Lin Wood, and others. The hearing is the first step in determining if lawyers that participated in post-election lawsuits should receive attorney misconduct sanctions or be referred to a regulatory body for disbarment proceedings, for violating the ethics of their profession.[111][112] Judge Parker issued sanctions against the attorneys in August 2021, ordering them to pay the legal fees incurred by Michigan authorities and to take legal education classes. Parker also referred the attorneys to the states where they are licensed to practice law for possible disciplinary action. She wrote the attorneys had "scorned their oath, flouted the rules, and attempted to undermine the integrity of the judiciary along the way."[113][114]

On August 3, 2021, Magistrate Judge for the District of Colorado N. Reid Neureiter sanctioned two lawyers, Gary D. Fielder and Ernest John Walker, for a "frivolous" election lawsuit that was filed "in bad faith", containing "highly disputed and inflammatory" allegations that the lawyers made no efforts to verify.[115][116] In November 2021, Neureiter ordered the two attorneys to pay the groups they sued $187,000 to defray their legal costs, and to deter similar frivolous suits.[117]

In popular culture

Attorney Sidney Powell used the phrase "release the Kraken" to describe legal efforts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election.[118][119]

See also

References

  1. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Sherman, Amy; Valverde, Miriam (January 8, 2021). "Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit". PolitiFact. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
    • Cummings, William; Joey Garrison and Jim Sergent (January 6, 2021). "By the numbers: President Donald Trump's failed efforts to overturn the election". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
    • Cillizza, Chris (December 29, 2020). "How suing Mike Pence is the last gasp of the 'election fraud' crowd". CNN. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
    • Durkee, Alison (December 8, 2020). "Trump And The GOP Have Now Lost 50 Post-Election Lawsuits". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
    • Williams, Pete; Via y Rada, Nicole (November 23, 2020). "Trump's election fight includes over 50 lawsuits. It's not going well". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
    • Durkin Richer, Alanna (December 4, 2020). "Trump loves to win but keeps losing election lawsuits". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Davis, Tina (November 7, 2020). "Trump's Election Lawsuits: Where the Fights Are Playing Out". Bloomberg Law. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  3. ^ Alexander, Harriet (December 13, 2020). "Trump-appointed judges among 86 who have so far dismissed election fraud law suits". The Telegraph. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  4. ^ Liptak, Adam (December 8, 2020). "Supreme Court Rejects Republican Challenge to Pennsylvania Vote". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  5. ^ Multiple sources:
  6. ^ Multiple sources:
  7. ^ a b "Courting failure: Donald Trump still hopes lawsuits will make up for his lack of votes". The Economist. November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  8. ^ Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 4, 2020). "Donald Trump's brutal day in court". Politico. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Cummings, William; Joey Garrison and Jim Sergent (January 6, 2021). "By the numbers: President Donald Trump's failed efforts to overturn the election". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  10. ^ Shamsian, Jacob; Sheth, Sonam (January 5, 2021). "Trump and Republican officials have won zero out of at least 42 lawsuits they've filed since Election Day". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  11. ^ Multiple sources:
  12. ^ Multiple sources:
  13. ^ Sherman, Mark; Levy, Marc (December 9, 2020). "Trump looks past Supreme Court loss to new election lawsuit". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  14. ^ Gerstein, Josh; Cheney, Kyle (December 8, 2020). "Trump's options dwindle as safe harbor deadline looms". Politico. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  15. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Ember, Sydney; Feuer, Alan (December 9, 2020). "The Nation Reached 'Safe Harbor.' Here's What That Means". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  16. ^ McAvoy, Audrey (December 8, 2020). "Hawaii certifies Biden's win of state's presidential vote". AP News. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  17. ^ a b Liptak, Adam (December 11, 2020). "Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  18. ^ a b c Polus, Sarah (November 21, 2020). "Michigan group sues Trump campaign for alleged mass voter suppression". TheHill. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  19. ^ a b c "Case No. 1:20-cv-03388 MICHIGAN WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATION, MAUREEN TAYLOR, NICOLE HILL, and TEASHA JONES, v. DONALD J. TRUMP, and DONALD J. TRUMP FOR PRESIDENT, INC". Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020 – via politico.com.
  20. ^ a b "Docket for MICHIGAN WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATION v. TRUMP, 1:20-cv-03388". CourtListener. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  21. ^ Brown, Emma (January 8, 2021). "Dominion sues pro-Trump lawyer Sidney Powell, seeking more than $1.3 billion". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  22. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (January 25, 2021). "Dominion sues Giuliani for $1.3 billion over 'Big Lie'". CNN. Retrieved January 25, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ Bromwich, Jonah E.; Smith, Ben (February 4, 2021). "Fox News Is Sued by Election Technology Company for Over $2.7 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ Tillman, Zoe (November 5, 2020). "Judges Are Rejecting Trump's False Claims Of Shady Poll Practices After Looking At The Evidence". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  25. ^ a b Shubber, Kadhim (November 8, 2020). "Trump clings to courtroom hopes despite lawsuit losses". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  26. ^ a b Parks, Miles (November 10, 2020). "Trump Election Lawsuits Have Mostly Failed. Here's What They Tried". NPR. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  27. ^ Tau, Byron; Randazzo, Sara (November 13, 2020). "Trump Cries Voter Fraud. In Court, His Lawyers Don't". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  28. ^ Berenson, Tessa (November 20, 2020). "In Court, Trump's Lawyers Aren't Claiming 'Massive' Fraud". Time. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  29. ^ Lerer, Lisa (November 19, 2020). "Giuliani in Public: 'It's a Fraud.' Giuliani in Court: 'This Is Not a Fraud Case.'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  30. ^ Merchant, Nomaan (November 19, 2020). "Trump's election lawsuits plagued by elementary errors". AP News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  31. ^ a b "Joint Statement from Elections Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council & the Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Executive Committees". Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  32. ^ Feuer, Alan (November 14, 2020). "Trump Loses String of Election Results Lawsuits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  33. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (November 16, 2020). "Lawsuits that tried to disrupt Biden's wins in four states are withdrawn". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  34. ^ "Trump campaign cuts ties with attorney Sidney Powell after bizarre election fraud claims". The Guardian. Associated Press. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  35. ^ "Sidney Powell: Trump team cuts ties with lawyer who made voter fraud claims". BBC. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  36. ^ Feuer, Alan (November 22, 2020). "Judge Dismisses Trump Lawsuit Seeking to Delay Certification in Pennsylvania". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  37. ^ Blitzer, Ronn (December 7, 2020). "Sidney Powell 'Kraken' lawsuit dismissed in Georgia after defeat in Michigan". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  38. ^ Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 7, 2020). "Federal judges reject GOP effort to overturn swing state election results". Politico. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  39. ^ Alexander, Harriet (December 13, 2020). "Trump-appointed judges among 86 who have so far dismissed election fraud law suits". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  40. ^ a b Smith, Ben (December 20, 2020). "The 'Red Slime' Lawsuit That Could Sink Right-Wing Media". New York Times. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  41. ^ Collins, Kaitlan; Liptak, Kevin; Brown, Pamela (December 19, 2020). "Trump campaign told to preserve all documents related to Sidney Powell and Dominion Voting Systems". CNN. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  42. ^ a b Abramson, Alana; Abrams, Abigail (November 9, 2020). "Here Are All the Lawsuits the Trump Campaign Has Filed Since Election Day—And Why Most Are Unlikely to Go Anywhere". Time. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  43. ^ Levine, Sam (November 6, 2020). "Trump's last-ditch US election lawsuits not going well for president, experts say". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  44. ^ Kalmbacher, Colin (November 10, 2020). "'It's All a Farce': Trump Campaign Lawsuit Challenges Less Than One Percent of Biden's Arizona Ballot Lead". Law & Crime. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  45. ^ Franck, Thomas (November 6, 2020). "Bush 2000 recount lawyer says Trump election suits are 'entirely without merit'". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  46. ^ Epstein, Reid J. (November 12, 2020). "Can Trump still win? No. He's already lost". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  47. ^ "Emergency application for injunction filed by Republican Party of Pennsylvania in U.S. Supreme Court" (PDF). SCOTUSblog. November 6, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  48. ^ Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Abrams, Rachel; Enrich, David (November 9, 2020). "Growing Discomfort at Law Firms Representing Trump in Election Lawsuits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  49. ^ Bazelon, Emily (November 14, 2020). "Trump Is Not Doing Well With His Election Lawsuits. Here's a Rundown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  50. ^ "Case 1:21-cv-00400" (PDF). United States District Court for the District of Columbia. February 16, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 24, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021 – via naacp.org.
  51. ^ a b c d Higgins, Tucker; Breuninger, Kevin (December 8, 2020). "Texas sues four battleground states in Supreme Court over 'unlawful election results' in 2020 presidential race". CNBC. National Broadcasting networks. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  52. ^ a b c Zilbermints, Regina (December 8, 2020). "Texas sues states Biden won in Supreme Court, seeking to delay Electoral College vote". TheHill. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  53. ^ "Texas, Plaintiff, v. Pennsylvania, et al". US Supreme Court. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  54. ^ a b c Mauger, Craig (December 22, 2020). "2 Michigan lawmakers listed in suit seeking legislative approval of election results". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  55. ^ a b c Beck, Molly (December 22, 2020). "2 Wisconsin GOP lawmakers join lawsuit to overturn election results in Wisconsin, 4 other swing states". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  56. ^ a b c "Wisconsin Voters Alliance v. Pence - Memorandum & Opinion — Document #10". Court Listener. January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  57. ^ a b WBAY news staff (January 4, 2021). "Federal judge denies election lawsuit joined by lawmakers from Green Bay, Crivitz". WBAY-TV. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  58. ^ a b "Wisconsin Voters Alliance v. Pence - Memorandum & Opinion — Document #16". Court Listener. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  59. ^ a b Karnowski, Steve (November 24, 2020). "Minnesota certifies Biden win, state voter turnout nears 80%". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  60. ^ a b "Tyler Kistner, et al. vs. Steve Simon, et al" (PDF). Minnesota Supreme Court. December 4, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  61. ^ a b Cheney, Kyle (December 28, 2020). "Gohmert suit may force Pence's hand in effort to overturn Trump's defeat". POLITICO. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  62. ^ a b Swanson, Ian (December 28, 2020). "GOP lawmaker sues Pence in bid to overturn Biden win". TheHill. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  63. ^ a b Breuninger, Kevin (December 28, 2020). "Congressman, other Republicans sue Vice President Pence in last-ditch effort to overturn Biden win". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  64. ^ a b Cheney, Kyle (December 29, 2020). "Pence declined to back Gohmert-led effort to upend election, lawyers indicate". POLITICO. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  65. ^ a b Berman, Dan (January 1, 2021). "Pence asks judge to reject Gohmert lawsuit asking the VP to interfere in the Electoral College count". CNN. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  66. ^ a b Gohmert et al. v. Pence, 6:20-cv-660-JDK (E.D. Tex. January 1, 2021).
  67. ^ a b Edmondson, Catie; Haberman, Maggie (January 1, 2021). "Federal Judge Dismisses Election Lawsuit Against Pence - President Trump's congressional allies had hoped to give the vice president the power to reject electoral votes that were cast for Joseph R. Biden Jr". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  68. ^ a b Barrett, Devlin (January 1, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert lawsuit seeking to stymie Biden electoral college count". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  69. ^ a b "Gohmert v. Pence - Notice of Appeal — Document #39 (6:20-cv-00660)". Court Listener. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  70. ^ a b c d e f Gerstein, Josh; Cheney, Kyle (January 2, 2021). "Judge throws out Gohmert suit aimed at empowering Pence to overturn 2020 election results". Politico. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  71. ^ a b c "Docket for 22O155". supremecourt.gov. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020. The State of Texas’s motion for leave to file a bill of complaint is denied for lack of standing under Article III of the Constitution. Texas has not demonstrated a judicially cognizable interest in the manner in which another State conducts its elections. All other pending motions are dismissed as moot. Statement of Justice Alito, with whom Justice Thomas joins: In my view, we do not have discretion to deny the filing of a bill of complaint in a case that falls within our original jurisdiction. See Arizona v. California, 589 U. S. ___ (Feb. 24, 2020) (Thomas, J., dissenting). I would therefore grant the motion to file the bill of complaint but would not grant other relief, and I express no view on any other issue.
  72. ^ a b Zilbermints, Regina (December 10, 2020). "More than 100 House Republicans sign brief backing Texas lawsuit challenging election results". TheHill. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  73. ^ Villarreal, Daniel (December 9, 2020). "Alabama and Louisiana AGs Want to Join Texas Election Lawsuit Against Battleground States". Newsweek. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  74. ^ Gillman, Todd J. (December 9, 2020). "17 states, and Trump, join Texas request for Supreme Court to overturn Biden wins in four states". Dallas News. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  75. ^ Bluestein, Greg (December 9, 2020). "Trump warns Georgia AG not to rally other Republicans against Texas lawsuit". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  76. ^ Diaz, Daniella (December 11, 2020). "READ: Brief from 106 Republicans supporting Texas lawsuit in Supreme Court". CNN. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  77. ^ a b Liptak, Adam; Peters, Jeremy W. (December 11, 2020). "In Blistering Retort, 4 Battleground States Tell Texas to Butt Out of Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  78. ^ Peters, Jeremy W.; Montgomery, David; Qiu, Linda; Liptak, Adam (December 11, 2020). "Two reasons the Texas election case is faulty: flawed legal theory and statistical fallacy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  79. ^ Liptak, Adam (December 8, 2020). "Texas files an audacious suit with the Supreme Court challenging the election results". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  80. ^ Breuninger, Kevin; Kimball, Spencer; Mangan, Dan (December 11, 2020). "Supreme Court rejects Texas lawsuit challenging Biden's election wins in 4 key states". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  81. ^ "Order in Pending Case" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. December 11, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  82. ^ Federal judge rejects lawsuit seeking to overturn Trump loss Archived January 15, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press via Wisconsin State Journal
  83. ^ Harte, Julia (May 21, 2021). "Judge allows self-described anti-fraud group to review Georgia ballots". Reuters.
  84. ^ "Superior Court of Fulton County Georgia". publicrecordsaccess.fultoncountyga.gov.
  85. ^ Sara Murray and Rachel Janfaza. "Judge dismisses Fulton County ballot review case in Georgia". CNN.
  86. ^ "State board certifies Joe Biden as winner in Minnesota". WMPR. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  87. ^ Desmond, Declan (December 4, 2020). "MN Supreme Court dismisses attempt to block election certification". Bring Me The News. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  88. ^ D'Ammassa, Algernon (December 14, 2020). "Trump campaign files lawsuit over New Mexico election, objecting to ballot drop boxes". Las Cruces Sun-News. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  89. ^ "Trump campaign New Mexico lawsuit (1:20-cv-01289)". December 14, 2020. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020 – via Scribd.
  90. ^ D'Ammassa, Algernon (January 11, 2021). "President Donald Trump's campaign drops New Mexico election lawsuit". Las Cruces Sun-News. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  91. ^ "Trump asks to drop voting allegations in New Mexico, for now". AP NEWS. January 12, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  92. ^ Liptak, Adam (February 22, 2021). "Supreme Court Won't Hear Pennsylvania Election Case on Mailed Ballots". The New York Times. Retrieved August 6, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  93. ^ de Vogue, Ariane; Janfaza, Rachel (April 19, 2021). "Supreme Court tosses out another Republican 2020 election challenge". CNN. Retrieved August 6, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  94. ^ Lai, Jonathan (December 20, 2020). "Trump campaign brings new U.S. Supreme Court challenge over Pennsylvania's 2020 election". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  95. ^ a b "Trump v. Boockvar, Initial Motion" (PDF). December 20, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020 – via donaldjtrump.com.
  96. ^ Olson, Tyler; Bream, Shannon; Mears, Bill (December 24, 2020). "Supreme Court in no hurry to hear Trump campaign case, sets response deadline two days after inauguration". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  97. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Benner, Katie (January 1, 2021). "Justice Dept. Asks Judge to Toss Election Lawsuit Against Pence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  98. ^ Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 31, 2020). "Pence may choose 2020 election winner 'as he sees fit,' Gohmert says in court filing". Politico. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  99. ^ Barrett, Devlin (January 1, 2021). "Gohmert court filing claims Pence is not a 'glorified envelope-opener'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  100. ^ Linton, Caroline (January 2, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert's attempt to force Pence to decide election results". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  101. ^ Berman, Dan (January 2, 2021). "Federal judge throws out Gohmert lawsuit asking Pence to interfere in Electoral College count". CNN. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  102. ^ Ax, Joseph (January 3, 2021). "U.S. appeals court rejects lawmaker's bid to have Pence overturn Biden's win". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  103. ^ Smith, Stewart (January 7, 2021). "SCOTUS rejects Gohmert's last-minute appeal". KLTV. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  104. ^ "U.S. Appeals Court rules against Trump in suit challenging Wisconsin election". WBAY-TV. Green Bay, WI. December 24, 2020. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  105. ^ Naham, Matt (March 1, 2021). "Supreme Court Rejects Sidney Powell's Election Fraud Petitions without Further Comment". Lawandcrime.com. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  106. ^ Bauer, Scott (December 15, 2020). "Wisconsin court says voters decide if they are confined (INFOGRAPHIC)". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  107. ^ "Jefferson v. Dane County". Justia. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  108. ^ "Mark Jefferson v. Dane County, Wisconsin" (PDF). wicourts.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  109. ^ Diaz, Jaclyn (July 8, 2021). "An Appeals Court Has Suspended Rudy Giuliani's Ability To Practice Law In D.C." NPR. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  110. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (July 7, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani suspended from practicing law in Washington, DC". CNN. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  111. ^ Klasfeld, Adam (July 12, 2021). "A Federal Judge Holds 'Kraken' Lawyers' Feet to the Fire at Sanctions Hearing. Lin Wood Tried to Distance Himself from It All". Law & Crime. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  112. ^ Wolfe, Jan; Thomas, David (July 12, 2021). "Judge eyes sanctions on pro-Trump lawyers who claimed voter fraud". Reuters. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  113. ^ Tierney Sneed. "Judge sanctions pro-Trump lawyers who brought 'frivolous' election fraud lawsuits". CNN.
  114. ^ "'Profound abuse': Judge disciplines pro-Trump lawyers over election lawsuit". Reuters. August 26, 2021.
  115. ^ Helderman, Rosalind S. (August 4, 2021). "'The stuff of which violent insurrections are made:' Federal judge punishes Colorado lawyers for 2020 election lawsuit". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  116. ^ Wolfe, Jan (August 4, 2021). "Lawyers sanctioned over 'fantastical' suit alleging 2020 U.S. election was stolen". Reuters. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  117. ^ Helderman, Rosalind S. (November 22, 2021). "Judge orders two lawyers who filed suit challenging 2020 election to pay hefty fees: 'They need to take responsibility'". The Washington Post.
  118. ^ Alba, Davey (November 17, 2020). "'Release the Kraken,' a catchphrase for unfounded conspiracy theory, trends on Twitter". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  119. ^ "The Kraken: What is it and why has Trump's ex-lawyer released it?". BBC News. November 28, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2021.

External links