Isotopes of polonium
(Redirected from Polonium-209)
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Polonium (84Po) has 42 isotopes, all of which are radioactive, with between 186 and 227 nucleons. 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of naturally occurring polonium. 209Po, with a half-life of 125.2 years, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium. 209Po and 208Po (half-life 2.9 years) can be made through proton bombardment of bismuth in a cyclotron.[2]
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Historic name |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode |
Daughter isotope [n 4][n 5] |
Spin and parity [n 6][n 7] |
Isotopic abundance | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 7] | |||||||||||||||||||
186Po | 84 | 102 | 186.0044(18) | 34(12) μs |
α | 182Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
187Po | 84 | 103 | 187.00304(30) | 1.40(0.25) ms |
α | 183Pb | (1/2-), (5/2-) | ||||||||||||
187mPo | 4(27) keV | 0.5 ms | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
188Po | 84 | 104 | 187.999422(21) | 430(180) μs [0.40(+20−15) ms] |
α | 184Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
189Po | 84 | 105 | 188.998481(24) | 5(1) ms | α | 185Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
190Po | 84 | 106 | 189.995101(14) | 2.46(5) ms | α (99.9%) | 186Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (.1%) | 190Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
191Po | 84 | 107 | 190.994574(12) | 22(1) ms | α | 187Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 191Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
191mPo | 130(21) keV | 93(3) ms | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
192Po | 84 | 108 | 191.991335(13) | 32.2(3) ms | α (99%) | 188Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (1%) | 192Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
192mPo | 2600(500)# keV | ~1 μs | 12+# | ||||||||||||||||
193Po | 84 | 109 | 192.99103(4) | 420(40) ms [370(+46−40) ms] |
α | 189Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 193Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
193mPo | 100(30)# keV | 240(10) ms [243(+11−10) ms] |
α | 189Pb | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 193Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
194Po | 84 | 110 | 193.988186(13) | 0.392(4) s | α | 190Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 194Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
194mPo | 2525(2) keV | 15(2) μs | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
195Po | 84 | 111 | 194.98811(4) | 4.64(9) s | α (75%) | 191Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (25%) | 195Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
195mPo | 110(50) keV | 1.92(2) s | α (90%) | 191Pb | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||
β+ (10%) | 195Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (.01%) | 195Po | ||||||||||||||||||
196Po | 84 | 112 | 195.985535(14) | 5.56(12) s | α (94%) | 192Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (6%) | 196Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
196mPo | 2490.5(17) keV | 850(90) ns | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
197Po | 84 | 113 | 196.98566(5) | 53.6(10) s | β+ (54%) | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (44%) | 193Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
197mPo | 230(80)# keV | 25.8(1) s | α (84%) | 193Pb | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (16%) | 197Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (.01%) | 197Po | ||||||||||||||||||
198Po | 84 | 114 | 197.983389(19) | 1.77(3) min | α (57%) | 194Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
198m1Po | 2565.92(20) keV | 200(20) ns | 11− | ||||||||||||||||
198m2Po | 2691.86(20) keV | 750(50) ns | 12+ | ||||||||||||||||
199Po | 84 | 115 | 198.983666(25) | 5.48(16) min | β+ (92.5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (7.5%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
199mPo | 312.0(28) keV | 4.17(4) min | β+ (73.5%) | 199Bi | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (24%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (2.5%) | 199Po | ||||||||||||||||||
200Po | 84 | 116 | 199.981799(15) | 11.5(1) min | β+ (88.8%) | 200Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (11.1%) | 196Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201Po | 84 | 117 | 200.982260(6) | 15.3(2) min | β+ (98.4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (1.6%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201mPo | 424.1(24) keV | 8.9(2) min | IT (56%) | 201Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
EC (41%) | 201Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
α (2.9%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202Po | 84 | 118 | 201.980758(16) | 44.7(5) min | β+ (98%) | 202Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (2%) | 198Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202mPo | 2626.7(7) keV | >200 ns | 11− | ||||||||||||||||
203Po | 84 | 119 | 202.981420(28) | 36.7(5) min | β+ (99.89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.11%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m1Po | 641.49(17) keV | 45(2) s | IT (99.96%) | 203Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (.04%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m2Po | 2158.5(6) keV | >200 ns | |||||||||||||||||
204Po | 84 | 120 | 203.980318(12) | 3.53(2) h | β+ (99.33%) | 204Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (.66%) | 200Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205Po | 84 | 121 | 204.981203(21) | 1.66(2) h | β+ (99.96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.04%) | 201Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205m1Po | 143.166(17) keV | 310(60) ns | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
205m2Po | 880.30(4) keV | 645 μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
205m3Po | 1461.21(21) keV | 57.4(9) ms | IT | 205Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
205m4Po | 3087.2(4) keV | 115(10) ns | 29/2− | ||||||||||||||||
206Po | 84 | 122 | 205.980481(9) | 8.8(1) d | β+ (94.55%) | 206Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (5.45%) | 202Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
206m1Po | 1585.85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8+)# | ||||||||||||||||
206m2Po | 2262.22(14) keV | 1.05(6) μs | (9−)# | ||||||||||||||||
207Po | 84 | 123 | 206.981593(7) | 5.80(2) h | β+ (99.97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
207m1Po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
207m2Po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
207m3Po | 1383.15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
208Po | 84 | 124 | 207.9812457(19) | 2.898(2) y | α (99.99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (.00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
209Po | 84 | 125 | 208.9824304(20) | 125.2(3.3) y[3] | α (99.546%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
ε (.454%) | 209Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
210Po[n 8] | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209.9828737(13) | 138.376(2) d | α | 206Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
210mPo | 5057.61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16+ | ||||||||||||||||
211Po | Actinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210.9866532(14) | 0.516(3) s | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] | ||||||||||
211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25.2(6) s | α (99.98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (.016%) | 211Po | ||||||||||||||||||
211m2Po | 2135.7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
211m3Po | 4873.3(17) keV | 2.8(7) μs | (43/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
212Po | Thorium C' | 84 | 128 | 211.9888680(13) | 299(2) ns | α | 208Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] | ||||||||||
212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45.1(6) s | α (99.93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (.07%) | 212Po | ||||||||||||||||||
213Po | 84 | 129 | 212.992857(3) | 3.65(4) μs | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 12] | |||||||||||
214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213.9952014(16) | 164.3(20) μs | α | 210Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
215Po | Actinium A | 84 | 131 | 214.9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | α (99.99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] | ||||||||||
β− (2.3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||||||||||||
216Po | Thorium A | 84 | 132 | 216.0019150(24) | 0.145(2) s | α | 212Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] | ||||||||||
β−β− (rare) | 216Rn | ||||||||||||||||||
217Po | 84 | 133 | 217.006335(7) | 1.47(5) s | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||||||||||||
218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218.0089730(26) | 3.10(1) min | α (99.98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
β− (.02%) | 218At | ||||||||||||||||||
219Po | 84 | 135 | 219.01361(16) | 10.3(1) min | α (28.2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β− (71.8%) | 219At | ||||||||||||||||||
220Po | 84 | 136 | 220.0164(18) | 40# s [>300 ns] |
β− | 220At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
221Po | 84 | 137 | 221.02123(20) | 2.2(0.7) min | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
222Po | 84 | 138 | 222.024144(40) | 9.1(7.2) min | β− | 222At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Most common isotope
- ^ a b c Intermediate decay product of 238U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 235U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 232Th
- ^ Intermediate decay product of 237Np
See also
References
- ^ Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
- ^ Boutin, Chad (2014-09-09). "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- Generenal references
Isotope data is sourced in:
- Atomic weights of the elements:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Isotopic mass, spin and parity
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Half-life
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.