Pawtuxet River

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This article is about the river in Rhode Island. For the river in Maryland, see Patuxent River.

Pawtuxet River
Pontiac Mills.jpg
Original home of the Fruit of the Loom Company on the Pawtuxet River at Pontiac Village Warwick
Location
CountryUnited States
StateRhode Island
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationKent County, Rhode Island
Mouth 
 • location
Providence River
 • coordinates
41°45′52″N 71°23′21″W / 41.764416°N 71.389094°W / 41.764416; -71.389094Coordinates: 41°45′52″N 71°23′21″W / 41.764416°N 71.389094°W / 41.764416; -71.389094
Discharge 
 • locationProvidence River

The Pawtuxet River, also known as the Pawtuxet River Main Stem and the Lower Pawtuxet, is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 12.3 miles (19.8 km)[1] and empties into the upper Narragansett Bay of the Atlantic Ocean. Together with its two main tributary branches, the North Branch Pawtuxet River and the South Branch Pawtuxet River, it drains a watershed of 231.6 square miles (600 km2), all of which is in the state of R.I. There were four known dams along the river's length.[2]

History

Pawtuxet River, 1886 engraving.

The area around the river was occupied by members of the Native American Patuxet tribe, who were part of the larger Narragansett tribe.[3] In the native language, the word "pawtuxet" means "little falls."[3]

In 1638, Roger Williams purchased the land north of the Pawtuxet, thus founding Providence.[3] In 1642, Samuel Gorton purchased the land south of the river, thus founding Warwick.[3] Collectively, all three branches of the Pawtuxet played an important role in the development of the textile industry in New England, which utilized the river system for hydromechanical and later early hydroelectric power during the 19th century. Located on the lower Pawtuxet were the Natick Mill in West Warwick, the Bellefonte Mill in Cranston and the Pontiac Mill in Warwick, which was the original manufacturing facility of the Fruit of the Loom Company.

Course

The river is formed by the confluence of North and South branches of the river at River Point village in West Warwick. From there the river continues roughly east, through West Warwick, Warwick and Cranston, debouching into the Providence River at Pawtuxet Village. The last 3 miles (4.8 km) of the river form the boundary between Cranston and Warwick.[citation needed]

Crossings

Below is a list of all crossings over the Pawtuxet River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream:[citation needed]

Town Carrying
West Warwick Providence St.

Water St.

Warwick East Ave.
Rhode Island 2.svg Route 2
I-295 (big).svg I-295
Rhode Island 5.svg Route 5
Rhode Island 37.svg Route 37
I-95.svg I-95
US 1 (1961).svg US 1
US 1A.svg US 1A/Rhode Island 117.svg Route 117
Post Rd.

Tributaries

Three Ponds Brook and the Pocasset River are the Pawtuxet River's only named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.[citation needed]

Water quality

The Pawtuxet River has long been negatively impacted by industry. In 1893, the river was described as "a common, natural sewer of the Pawtuxet Valley".[4] Extensive dumping of pollutants occurred, both from mills and from municipal sewer systems.[4]

The Pawtuxet River is impacted by cadmium, mercury, pathogens, low dissolved oxygen and nutrients. It shows biodiversity impacts (Rhode Island 2006 List of Impaired Waters[5]). The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management[6] has issued new discharge permits to the three major municipal wastewater treatment plants that discharge to the River (West Warwick, Rhode Island, Warwick, Rhode Island and Cranston, Rhode Island).

Habitat restoration

The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management's Rhode Island Anadromous Fish Restoration Plan[7] gives the Pawtuxet River a low overall ranking due to the river's poor water quality and the large number of dams. However, the Pawtuxet River Authority and Watershed Council[8] is working with state and federal partners to evaluate fish passage alternatives for the first dam on the Pawtuxet, the Pawtuxet Falls Dam. Fish passage at this dam will open up 7.5 miles (12.1 km) of spawning habitat above the dam on the main stem of the river.

Water use and availability

The Scituate Reservoir on the North Branch of the Pawtuxet River provides over 60% of the water supply to the State of Rhode Island.[9] This water is supplied to almost all the other basins in Rhode Island including the Blackstone River, Ten Mile River, Moshassuck River, Woonasquatucket River, Narragansett Bay and the Westport River. About 22% of the major public supply withdrawn from the Pawtuxet basin is returned to the basin and about 51% is exported to other basins. Some of the water exported out of the basin for drinking water returns to the Pawtuxet River as wastewater.

Flow

The US Geological Survey has five gauges in the Pawtuxet Watershed:[10]

The Pawtuxet River experiences periodic flooding. In October 2005 remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy produced torrential rains over New England. From October 13–15, the National Weather Service reported 7 to 9 inches (230 mm) of rain in Rhode Island and the Pawtuxet River at Cranston and Warwick recorded its second worst flood, cresting at a stage of 13.68 feet (4.17 m).

On March 15 and March 16, 2010, the Pawtuxet River reached a new record high flood level after receiving over three inches of rain on the 13th and 14th. The river crested at 15.2 feet (4.6 m) in the evening of March 15.[16]

On March 29 and 30, 2010, an additional 6-10 inches of rainfall across Southern New England in addition to the 3+ inches that fell on the 23rd, bringing the total rainfall for the month of March to over 16" and causing the Pawtuxet River to exceed the previous flood level occurring only two weeks prior. The river crested at 20.8 feet (6.3 m) in the morning of March 31.[16] This caused the worst flooding in over 200 years for the area, swamping the Warwick Mall, and many homes in the area forcing many evacuations across Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts. The flooding also forced many schools to be closed for an extended period of time, due to road closures and washouts.

Grassroots organizations

There are two river organizations that focus on the Pawtuxet River:

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed April 1, 2011
  2. ^ Governor's Task Force on Dam Safety and Maintenance – Final Report, January 2001
  3. ^ a b c d "Don't get mixed up between Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Pawtuxet, They are four different places". Joseph Bucklin Society. Joseph Bucklin Society. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Dislike The Water". The Boston Globe. March 15, 1893. p. 7. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  5. ^ Rhode Island 2006 List of Impaired Waters. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007.
  6. ^ Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management.
  7. ^ "Rhode Island Anadromous Fish Restoration Plan" (PDF).
  8. ^ "PRAWC Ongoing Projects in the Pawtuxet River Watershed". Pawtuxet River Authority and Watershed Council. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007.
  9. ^ "Estimated Water Use and Availability in the Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River Basins, Rhode Island". USGS.
  10. ^ "Current Conditions for Rhode Island". Streamflow. USGS.
  11. ^ "Pawtuxet River at South Foster". Water Data. USGS.
  12. ^ "Nooseneck River at Nooseneck, RI". Water Data. USGS.
  13. ^ "Carr River near Nooseneck, RI". Water Data. USGS.
  14. ^ "South Branch Pawtuxet River at Washington, Rhode Island".
  15. ^ "Pawtuxet River at Cranston, Rhode Island". Water Data. USGS.
  16. ^ a b "Pawtuxet River at Cranston". US Geological Survey. CRAR1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
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