Contingency operation
| Contingency operation | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| United States Congress | |
| Citation | 10 U.S.C. § 101a |
| Territorial extent | United States of America |
| Enacted | 2011 |
| Commenced | January 3, 2012 |
| Related legislation | |
| Authorization for Use of Military Force | |
| Status: In force | |
A contingency operation is a military operation involving United States Armed Forces, conducted in response to natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect national interests.[1] The designation is made by a finding by the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, and triggers the implementation of a variety of "wartime" plans and preparations throughout the federal government, and each of the military branches. Contingency operations are often referred to more specifically as overseas contingency operations (OCO), a term which is often substituted because there has not been a recent war on United States soil. The term's best known use is in the United States Congress' Overseas Contingency Operations funding, a discretionary budget appropriation and oft-described slush fund[2][3] used originally for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but now used more broadly for other expenditures associated primarily with the War on Terror.[4]
The Overseas Contingency Operations budget appropriation was $58.8 billion in 2016, $90 billion in 2017, $69 billion in 2018 and $71.5 billion in 2019.[5][6][7][8][9] A U.S. House of Representatives panel issued a report in 2020 recommending that overseas contingency operations funding cease after the fiscal year.[10]
Legal definition
Per 10 USC 101 (a)(13), the term “contingency operation” means a military operation that—
(A) is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an operation in which members of the armed forces are or may become involved in
- military actions,
- operations, or
- hostilities against an enemy of the United States or
- against an opposing military force; or
(B) results in the call or order to, or retention on, active duty of members of the uniformed services under section 688, 12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12304a, 12305, or 12406 of this title, chapter 13 of this title, section 3713 of title 14, or any other provision of law during a war or during a national emergency declared by the President or Congress.[11][12]
References
- ^ Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Washington, DC: The Joint Staff. p. 47. OCLC 58924036.
- ^ Tolliver, Sandy (2021-05-21). "The Biden administration is poised to absorb the Pentagon's 'slush fund'". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ "Overseas Contingency Operations: The Pentagon Slush Fund". National Priorities Project. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ Morgenstern, Emily M. (February 10, 2021). "Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status". Congressional Research Service (13 ed.). Archived from the original on 2021-07-17.
- ^ Dan Lamonthe (9 February 2016). "In the Pentagon's new budget, the Air Force won and the Navy and Army lost". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Ryan McCrimmon (1 May 2017). "Omnibus Agreement Details $1 Trillion in FY 2017 Spending". Roll Call. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Amanda Macias (30 April 2019). "Here is all the firepower the Pentagon is asking for in its $718 billion budget". CNBC. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Amanda Macias (19 December 2019). "Trump signs $738 billion defense bill. Here's what the Pentagon is poised to get". CNBC. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Amanda Macias (14 August 2018). "Trump gives $717 billion defense bill a green light. Here's what the Pentagon is poised to get". CNBC. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ John M. Donnelly (9 July 2020). "House Defense spending report shows bad blood with Pentagon". Roll Call. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ "Definition: contingency operation from 10 USC § 101(a)(13)". Cornell Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ "DPC | Contingency Contracting". www.acq.osd.mil. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
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