Sophistical Refutations
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[*]: Generally agreed to be spurious [†]: Authenticity disputed |
Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.[note 1] According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.).
Overview
On Sophistical Refutations[1][2] consists of 34 chapters. The book naturally falls in two parts: chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner (3–8 and 12–15) and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer (16–32). Besides, there is an introduction (1–2), an interlude (9–11), and a conclusion (33–34).[3]
Fallacies identified
The fallacies Aristotle identifies in Chapter 4 (formal fallacies) and 5 (informal fallacies) of this book are the following:
- Fallacies in the language or formal fallacies (in dictionem)
- Equivocation
- Amphibology
- Composition
- Division
- Accent
- Figure of speech or form of expression
- Fallacies not in the language or informal fallacies (extra dictionem)
Footnotes
- ^ Sometimes listed as twelve.
References
- ^ Aristotle; Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge. "On Sophistical Refutations". Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- ^ Edward N. Zalta (ed.). "Aristotle's Logic, < Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy>". Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- ^ Krabbe, E.C.W. "Aristotle's On Sophistical Refutations. Topoi 31, 243–248 (2012)". doi:10.1007/s11245-012-9124-0. S2CID 170350834. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
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External links
Works related to Sophistical Refutations at Wikisource- HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo
- Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
Sophistical Elenchi public domain audiobook at LibriVox- ChangingMinds.org: "Aristotle's 13 fallacies"
- Parry, William T.; Hacker, Edward A. (1991), Aristotelian Logic, SUNY Press, p. 435, ISBN 978-0-7914-0690-8
