Tonne of oil equivalent
The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy defined as the amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil. It is approximately 42 gigajoules or 11.630 megawatt-hours, although as different crude oils have different calorific values, the exact value is defined by convention; several slightly different definitions exist. The toe is sometimes used for large amounts of energy.
Multiples of the toe are used, in particular the megatoe (Mtoe, one million toe) and the gigatoe (Gtoe, one billion toe). A smaller unit of kilogram of oil equivalent (kgoe or koe) is also sometimes used denoting 1/1000 toe.
Definitions
The International Energy Agency defines one tonne of oil equivalent (toe) to be equal to:[1]
- 1 toe = 11.63 megawatt-hours (MWh)
- 1 toe = 41.868 gigajoules (GJ)
- 1 toe = 10 gigacalories (Gcal) – using the international steam table calorie (calIT) and not the thermochemical calorie (calth)[2]
- 1 toe = 39,683,207.2 British thermal units (BTU)
- 1 toe = 1.42857143 tonnes of coal equivalent (tce)
Conversion into other units:
- 1 toe = 7.33 barrels
of oil equivalent(boe)[3]
This reference refers to the average density of oil on the planet, and not to the density of the oil equivalent[4]
Some other sources and publications use divergent definitions of toe, for example:
- 1 toe = 10.7 gigacalories (Gcal) – using the thermochemical calorie[2]
- 1 toe = 41.85 gigajoules (GJ)[5]
- 1 toe = 44.769 gigajoules (GJ) – based on using thermochemical calorie (calth)[2]
- 1 toe = 39,683,205.411 British thermal units (BTU)[citation needed]
Conversion factors
- 1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe) contains approximately 0.136 toe (i.e. there are approximately 7.33 boe in a toe).[6]So many barrels in the average oil on the planet and not in oil equivalents![4]
- 1 t diesel = 1.01 toe
- 1 m3 diesel = 0.98 toe
- 1 t petrol = 1.05 toe
- 1 m3 petrol = 0.86 toe
- 1 t biodiesel = 0.86 toe
- 1 m3 biodiesel = 0.78 toe
- 1 t bioethanol = 0.64 toe
- 1 m3 bioethanol = 0.51 toe[7]
- 1 MWh = 0.086 toe [8] (therefore 1 toe = 11630.0 kWh) [9]
- At thermal power plants, 1 MWh is generated with 0.22 toe fuel or 0.39 MWh with 0.086 toe[10] (39% thermal to electrical conversion efficiency)
Tonne of oil equivalent should be used carefully when converting electrical units. For instance, BP's 2007 report used a factor of 38% efficiency (the average efficiency of OECD thermal generating units in 2006), or roughly 16 GJ per toe, when converting kilowatt-hours to toe.[11]
Derived units
For multiples of the tonne of oil equivalent, it is more usual to speak of millions of tonnes of oil equivalent and kilotonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe).
| Multiple | Name | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| 103 | kilotonne of oil equivalent | ktoe |
| 106 | megatonne of oil equivalent | Mtoe |
See also
- A Cubic Mile of Oil – Book about the unit of energy
- Barrel of oil equivalent
- Conversion of units – Comparison of various scales
- Energy density – Energy per volume
- TNT equivalent – Class of units of measurement for explosive energy a unit of energy almost exactly 0.1 tonnes of oil equivalent
References
- ^ "Unit converter and glossary". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ a b c American Physical Society
- ^ "OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2014 - Conversion Factors". Archived from the original on 2015-05-09.
- ^ a b "How much is a barrel?".
- ^ Definition at 41.85 GJ
- ^ "Unit Conversion Factors | Society of Petroleum Engineers". Archived from the original on 2015-02-02.
- ^ Biofuels in the European Union progress report
- ^ IEA Statistics
- ^ The Society of Petroleum Engineers
- ^ World Energy Council Archived 2008-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007" (XLS). Retrieved 2007-11-10.