National Track and Field Hall of Fame
The National Track and Field Hall of Fame is a museum operated by The Armory Foundation in conjunction with USA Track & Field.[1] It is located within the Armory Foundation (the former Fort Washington Avenue Armory) at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between 168th and 169th Streets, in Washington Heights, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The stated goal of the Hall is to reflect upon, appreciate, and honor the past by saluting Americans who have made important contributions to the history of Track and Field.[2] Inductees to the Hall of Fame include athletes, coaches, contributors, officials, event directors, journalists and administrators.[3] USA Track & Field has been inducting members into the Hall since 1974. Currently there are 254 people enshrined.[4]
History
The National Track and Field Hall of Fame was founded in Charleston, West Virginia in 1974. The museum moved to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1985 when it came under the auspices of USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport of track and field in the United States.[5] The Indianapolis museum closed in 1996 when the exhibits were moved for the 1996 Centennial Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The exhibits were then displayed in Los Angeles, California before touring across the nation as a traveling museum until 2002 when The Armory building was chosen as its permanent location.[6]
Exhibits include the original 1976 Nike Waffle Trainers and a singlet and shorts worn by Hall of Famer Steve Prefontaine.[7]
Nomination criteria
The nomination criteria differs for the type of inductee as follows:
Athlete
Only open class accomplishments are considered. In order to be considered, an athlete must have participated in an open competition at least three years prior to consideration, except when an athlete has reached forty years of age, and must fall into one or more of the following criteria:[2]
- World record holder
- American record holder
- World champion
- Olympic champion;
- World or American leader in event(s) for three or more years;
- Winner of four or more USA national open championships; and/or
- Other outstanding accomplishments at a national open or international open level.
Coach
To be nominated, a coach must have been retired for at least one year from active full-time coaching, except where the nominated person has coached for thirty-five (35) years or more, and must fall into the following criteria:[2]
- Having compiled an outstanding record of coaching champions at the level coached (e.g. national open, national collegiate, state high school, etc.); and
- Having compiled an extraordinary winning record or have achieved other outstanding accomplishments; and
- Having coached for at least twenty (20) years.
Contributor
In order to be nominated as a Contributor, the nominee must have served the Athletics community with special distinction and worked within the athletics community in its best interests in an outstanding manner for at least twenty (20) years. Contributors may also be nominated for having achieved other outstanding accomplishments.[2]
Additional categories
Also under USATF is the Masters Hall of Fame, created in 1996 and the Officials Hall of Fame created in 2007. The membership of those two halls are selected by separate committees of those divisions of USATF for separate achievements in those divisions.[8][9] As such, there is some duplication of names. Those members currently exist as a list of honored names, but have no physical representation at the hall in New York City.
Selection process
Each February, the National Track & Field Board and Screening Committee begins to actively seek nominations which are due by May 1 each year.[10] On May 15, all nominations (including those carry-over nominations from previous years which have not been under consideration for the maximum five (5) years) are compiled by the national staff of USA Track & Field. All nominations are then reviewed by the Hall of Fame Screening Committee which is charged with forwarding the best candidates eligible to the voters. The membership of the Committee is confidential. The Committee has full authority to make nominations to create the best ballot possible.[2] The Staff Coordinator for the Hall of Fame creates the ballot of ten (10) nominees (the number of nominees may be increased for equity in gender, discipline, and era of competition or service, but will never number more than twelve (12) nominees) and accompanying documentation (biographies, etc.) by June 30.[10] The ballot is then reviewed by the President of the Hall of Fame and chair of the Screening Committee before being forwarded to the voters near the end of July. The voters include inducted Hall of Famers, the Hall of Fame committee members and selected members of the Track and Field Writers of America.[2] Each voter has one vote and any voter who fails to cast a ballot for two (2) consecutive years may be removed from the list of eligible voters until they request and cast a ballot in a subsequent year. All ballots must be returned to the accounting firm responsible for tabulation of votes by August 29.[10] In the beginning of September, Accounting firm, chair of the Screening Committee, and President of the Board review the ballots and declare the inductees who are announced later in the month.[10]
Museum
Located at The Armory Foundation, at 216 Fort Washington Avenue in Washington Heights, New York the museum is split into three levels. The first level contains main lobby, the Hall of Fame Theater (featuring a film simply called "Welcome to The Hall of Fame", produced by Peter Frankfurt[1]) and the Hall of Fame History Gallery, where the Olympic Moment film produced by Bud Greenspan can be viewed.[1] The second level holds the Hall of Fame Atrium, the Hall of Fame Champion Gallery and the Fred Lebow Marathon Hall . The third level holds the Hall of Fame Gallery featuring a 40-foot (12 m)-long etched glass wall with the names of all the inductees engraved upon it. Through the glass wall visitors can see the 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) arena that is home to the largest indoor collegiate and high school invitational events in the world.[1]
Inductees
The following table lists all persons who have been inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.
Notes
- ^ Known as Bruce Jenner until her gender transition in 2015.[134]
References
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- ^ "National Track & Field Hall of Fame". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ Danilov, Victor (1997). Hall of Fame Museums. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-313-30000-4.
- ^ Benyo, Richard; Henderson, Joe (2002). Running Encyclopedia. Human Kinetics. p. 133. ISBN 9780736037341.
- ^ "Ask Miles". Runner's World. 43 (1): 32. 2008.
- ^ http://www.legacy.usatf.org/about/committees/GeneralCompetition/MastersTrackAndField/20080107mtf_op_procs.pdf Masters Bylaws
- ^ http://www.legacy.usatf.org/groups/officials/hall%2Dof%2Dfame/ Officials Hall of Fame nominations
- ^ a b c d "Hall of Fame Annual Calendar & Deadlines". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Cleve Abbott". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Greg Bell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Sam Bell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f "USA Track & Field - Johnson, Conway lead USATF 2015 Hall of Fame class". www.usatf.org. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015.
- ^ "Delores (Dee) Boeckmann". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "John Borican". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ralph Boston". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Tom Botts". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Don Bowden". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
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- ^ "Lee Calhoun". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Milt Campbell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "John Carlos". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jimmy Carnes". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ "Bill Carr". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ "Henry Carr". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Ellery Clark". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Alice Coachman (Davis)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Roy Cochran". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "Mike Conley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Harold Connolly". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Lillian Copeland". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Tom Courtney". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ralph Craig". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "Dean Cromwell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Glenn Cunningham". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "William Curtis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Willie Davenport". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Glenn Davis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Harold (Hal) Davis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jack Davis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Otis Davis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Bill Dellinger". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Clarence DeMar". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "Evie Dennis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Mildred (Babe) Didriksen". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jetta Clark Diggs". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
- ^ "Harrison Dillard". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ken Doherty". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Elvin C (Ducky) Drake". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Arthur Duffey". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
- ^ "Charles Dumas". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "James Dunaway". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "Ben Eastman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Millard (Bill) Easton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field - Buddy Edelen".
- ^ "James (Jumbo) Elliot". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Larry Ellis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Lee Evans". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ray Ewry". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Mae Faggs". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field | Sandra Farmer-Patrick".
- ^ "Barbara Ferrell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Dan Ferris". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field - al Feuerbach".
- ^ "John Flanagan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ken Foreman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
- ^ "Dick Fosbury". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Greg Foster". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jane Frederick". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jim Fuchs". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bob Giegengack". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e "USATF announces 2013 Hall of Fame class". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Fortune Gordien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Johnny Gray". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
- ^ "Charles Greene". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Maurice Greene". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "John Griffith". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Florence Griffith Joyner". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Archie Hahn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Evelyne Hall (Adams)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Brutus Hamilton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field - Olympic medalists Dwight Phillips, Kathy Hammond and longtime contributor Bob Hersh named to National".
- ^ "Glenn Hardin". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ted Haydon". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Billy Hayes". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bob Hayes". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ward Haylett". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Franklin (BudHeld". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Ralph Higgins". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Harry Hillman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jim Hines". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Clarence (Bud) Houser". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "DeHart Hubbard". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Stan Huntsman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Edward Hurt". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Wilbur Hutsell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Nell Jackson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Larry James". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Charlie Jenkins". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Bruce Jenner". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Lynn Jennings". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Cornelius Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Michael Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Rafer Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Hayes Jones". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Thomas Jones". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Payton Jordan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jackie Joyner-Kersee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "John A. Kelley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Roger Kingdom". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Abel Kiviat". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Alvin Kraenzlein". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ron Laird". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Mike Larrabee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Francine Larrieu (Smith)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Don Lash". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Henry Laskau". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Fred Lebow". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Carl Lewis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field | Steve Lewis".
- ^ "Gerry Lindgren". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Marty Liquori". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Clyde Littlefield". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Dallas Long". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USATF ANNOUNCES 2021 HALL OF FAME CLASS". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^ "Madeline Manning (Mims)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Henry Marsh". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USATF ANNOUNCES 2021 HALL OF FAME CLASS". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^ "Bob Mathias". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Randy Matson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Vincent Matthews". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ "Joe McCluskey". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Mildred (Tex) McDaniel". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ "Ralph Metcalfe". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Rod Milburn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Billy Mills". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "John (Jack) Moakley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Charles Moore". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Tom Moore". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Glenn Morris". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bobby Morrow". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jess Mortensen". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Edwin Moses". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Michael Murphy". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Laurence (Lon) Myers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Larry Myricks". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Renaldo Nehemiah". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Albert (Bert) Nelson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Cordner Nelson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bill Nieder". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Dan O'Brien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "William (Parry) O'Brien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Al Oerter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Harold Osborn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jesse Owens". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Charlie Paddock". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Mel Patton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Eulace Peacock". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "John Pennel". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Andre Phillips". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field | John Powell".
- ^ "Mike Powell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Steve Prefontaine". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "USA Track & Field - Connie Price-Smith".
- ^ "Meyer Prinstein". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Joie Ray". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Lindy Remigino". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
- ^ "USA Track & Field - Butch Reynolds".
- ^ "Greg Rice". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bob Richards". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Louise Ritter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Arnie Robinson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Elizabeth (Betty) Robinson (Schwartz)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Bill Rodgers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ralph Rose". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Melvin (Mel) Rosen". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Wilma Rudolph". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jim Ryun". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Alberto Salazar". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Joan Samuelson (Benoit)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Wes Santee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Fred Schmertz". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
- ^ "Howard Schmertz". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
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{{cite web}}
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Coordinates: 40°50′31.7″N 73°56′28.5″W / 40.842139°N 73.941250°W
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