Lycosuchus

Lycosuchus; Temporal range: Middle Permian, 265–260 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Lycosuchus sp. skull at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Therocephalia
Family:	†Lycosuchidae
Genus:	†Lycosuchus; Broom, 1903
Species
	†L. mackayi; †L. vanderrieti;

Lycosuchus ("wolf crocodile") is an extinct genus of carnivorous therocephalians which lived in the Middle Permian 265—260 Ma existing for approximately 5 million years. As a member of the Lycosuchidae, the genus represents one of the earliest diverging therocephalians. The type species Lycosuchus vanderrieti is known from a handful of well-preserved specimens featuring the cranium and lower jaw; the holotype US D173 housed at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, is a near complete occluded skull.^[1] Specimen MB.R. 995, housed at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany, consists of a near complete and isolated lower jaw, along with a partial snout and brain case.^[2] With the help of μCT data, Pusch et al (2020) ^[2] described the endocranial anatomy of Lycosuchus vanderrieti.

Head

It was a medium-sized predator, reaching 1.2 m (3.8 ft) in length with a skull 23 cm long.,^[3] typical of early therocephalians. L. vanderrieti bore two functional canines in each maxilla, possibly due to a protracted tooth replacement.^[2] Both the upper canines and the single canine of the lower jaw are serrated.

Discovered in South Africa, it was named by paleontologist Robert Broom^[4] in 1903 and later assigned by him to Therocephalia.

Notes and references

^ J.A. Van den Heever (1987) The comparative and functional cranial morphology of the early Therocephalia (Amniota: Therapsida) p. 322
^ ^a ^b ^c Pusch, Luisa C.; Ponstein, Jasper; Kammerer, Christian F.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2020). "Novel Endocranial Data on the Early Therocephalian Lycosuchus vanderrieti Underpin High Character Variability in Early Theriodont Evolution". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 1–27. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00464.
^ T.S. Kemp (2005) The origin and evolution of mammals p.55
^ R. Broom (1913) A revision of the reptiles of the Karroo

R. Broom (1913) A revision of the reptiles of the Karroo. Annals of the South African Museum 7(6):361-366

External links

http://fossils.valdosta.edu/fossil_pages/fossils_per/t72.html Cast of skull and jaw courtesy of the National Museum, Bloemfontein South Africa

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[1] J.A. Van den Heever (1987) The comparative and functional cranial morphology of the early Therocephalia (Amniota: Therapsida) p. 322

[:2-2] Pusch, Luisa C.; Ponstein, Jasper; Kammerer, Christian F.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2020). "Novel Endocranial Data on the Early Therocephalian Lycosuchus vanderrieti Underpin High Character Variability in Early Theriodont Evolution". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 1–27. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00464.

[3] T.S. Kemp (2005) The origin and evolution of mammals p.55

[4] R. Broom (1913) A revision of the reptiles of the Karroo

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Lycosuchus

See also

Notes and references

External links

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