List of retired Pacific typhoon names

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This is a list of all Pacific typhoons that have had their names retired by the Japan Meteorological Agency. A total of 54 typhoon names have been retired since the start of official tropical cyclone naming in the western North Pacific Ocean in 2000. Tropical cyclone names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in a meeting in January or February. Those typhoons that have their names retired tend to be exceptionally destructive storms. Several names were removed or altered naming list for various reasons other than retirement. Collectively, the typhoons with retired names have caused over $108 billion in damage (2024 USD), as well as over 12,000 deaths.

Background

Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historic tropical cyclone names

The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with systems named after places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in the Western Pacific.[1] These included the Kamikaze, 1906 Hong Kong typhoon, 1922 Swatow typhoon and the 1934 Muroto typhoon.[2]

The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the East Coast of the United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[3] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced; however, it was decided at the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference, that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[3][4] The first tropical cyclone names to be retired in the Western Pacific were Lucille and Ophelia during 1960. Several names have been removed from the Pacific naming lists for various other reasons than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, which include being pronounced in a very similar way to other names and political reasons.[5][6]

In 2000, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began naming tropical cyclones from a list of 140 names, submitted by 14 countries. Previously, the JMA labeled storms with numbers, but not names. The JMA has been the official warning agency of the western Pacific Ocean since 1981, though other organizations have also tracked typhoons. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) unofficially named tropical cyclones from 1947 to 1999.[7] During this time period, there were several pre-determined tropical cyclone lists, in which many names were removed and replaced with others.[8] The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) names tropical cyclones using a separate list, which is adjusted periodically.[9]


Between 1947 and 2000, eleven names of significant tropical cyclones were retired from the list of names used by the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[10] During this time other names were removed from the naming lists, including in 1979 when the lists of names used were revised to include both male and female names.[10][11] Tropical Storm Lucille was the first name to be retired for its impacts, while Ophelia was retired because of its long 8,045 km (5,000 mi) track.[10]

At the 33rd session of the typhoon committee held in November 2000, the committee was informed that the India Meteorological Department had objected to the name Hanuman being used as a name because of potential religious sentiments.[12] Thailand also requested that the spelling of several names be corrected and indicated a desire to change the names Prapiroon, Durian and Khanun.[12] The representatives of the United States of America also requested that the name Kodo be changed as it would have an undesirable meaning if mispronounced.[12] The session subsequently accepted the spelling changes as well as the requests from Thailand and the United States and established that both countries would submit a list of four names in priority order to its Secretariat within a week of the session ending.[12] The Typhoon Committee Secretariat would then circulate the list to all members for comment, with the highest priority name acceptable to all members used.[12] The secretariat subsequently reported to the following years session that the names Morakot and Aere had replaced Hanuman and Kodo.[13]


Names

Name Replacement
name 		Dates active Sustained wind
speeds (10-min) 		Pressure Areas
affected 		Damage (USD) Deaths Refs
 TS  Lucille Not replaced May 25 – Jun 4, 1960 Not Specified 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Philippines $2 million 300–500 [14][15][16][17]
 TY  Ophelia Not replaced Nov 21 – Dec 6, 1960 Not Specified 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Caroline Islands Unknown 2 [10][15]
 TY  Karen Kim Nov 7–17, 1962 Not Specified 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Guam $250 million 11 [18]
 TY  Bess Bonnie Oct 8–14, 1974 Not Specified 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam $9.2 million 32 [10][19][20]
 VITY  Bess Brenda Jul 21 – Aug 3, 1982 230 km/h (145 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Japan $2.32 billion 95 [21]
 VSTY  Ike Ian Aug 26 – Sep 6, 1984 165 km/h (105 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Guam, Philippines, China $1 billion 1,142
 VSTY  Roy Ryan Jan 7–19, 1988 155 km/h (100 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Micronesia, Philippines $28.5 million 2
 VSTY  Mike Manny Nov 5–18, 1990 185 km/h (115 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Micronesia, Philippines, China $389 million 748
 VSTY  Mireille Melissa Sep 13–27, 1991 185 km/h (115 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea $10 billion 66
 TS  Thelma Teresa Nov 1–8, 1991 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam $27.7 million 5,081–8,145 [22][23][24][25]
 VSTY  Omar Oscar Aug 20 – Sep 6, 1992 185 km/h (115 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Mariana Islands, Guam, Taiwan, China $561 million 15
 TS  Vamei Peipah Dec 26, 2001 –
Jan 1, 2002		 85 km/h (50 mph) 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia $3.6 million 5 [nb 1][26]
 VSTY  Chataan Matmo Jun 27 – Jul 13, 2002 175 km/h (110 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Chuuk, Guam, Japan $660 million 54 [27][28][29]
 TY  Rusa Nuri Aug 22 – Sep 4, 2002 150 km/h (90 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Japan, Korean Peninsula $4.2 billion 238 [30]
 VSTY  Pongsona Noul Dec 2–12, 2002 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Mariana Islands $730 million 1 [31][32]
 TS  Yanyan Dolphin Jan 11–21, 2003 65 km/h (40 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Mariana Islands None None
 TY  Imbudo Molave July 15–25, 2003 165 km/h (105 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Philippines, China $340 million 64 [33][34][35]
 VITY  Maemi Mujigae Sep 4–16, 2003 195 km/h (120 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Korean Peninsula $4.8 billion 117 [30]
 VSTY  Sudal Mirinae Apr 2–18, 2004 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Yap, Guam $14 million None [36]
 TY  Tingting Lionrock Jun 24 – Jul 4, 2004 150 km/h (90 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan $23.7 million 12
 TY  Rananim Fanapi Aug 6–15, 2004 150 km/h (90 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) China, Japan $2.44 billion 169 [37][38]
 TY  Matsa Pakhar Jul 30 – Aug 9, 2005 150 km/h (90 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) China, Taiwan $2.23 billion 29 [39][40]
 VSTY  Nabi Doksuri Aug 29 – Sep 9, 2005 175 km/h (110 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea $535 million 32
 VSTY  Longwang Haikui Sep 25 – Oct 3, 2005 175 km/h (110 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Taiwan, China $971 million 149 [41][42][43]
[44][45][46]
 VSTY  Chanchu Sanba May 8–19, 2006 175 km/h (110 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam $478 million 309 [47][48]
 STS  Bilis Maliksi Jul 8–16, 2006 110 km/h (70 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China $4.4 billion 859 [49][50][51]
 VITY  Saomai Son-Tinh Aug 4–11, 2006 195 km/h (120 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Mariana Islands, Taiwan, China $2.5 billion 458 [51][52]
 VSTY  Xangsane Leepi Sep 25 – Oct 2, 2006 155 km/h (100 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand $750 million 312 [53][54][55][56]
 VITY  Durian Mangkhut Nov 25 – Dec 7, 2006 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand >$400 million >1,500 [57][58][59][60]
 TY  Morakot Atsani Aug 2–12, 2009 140 km/h (85 mph) 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) Taiwan, China, Korean Peninsula $6.2 billion 789
 TY  Ketsana Champi Sep 23–30, 2009 130 km/h (80 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand $1.09 billion 710 [61]
 VSTY  Parma In-fa Sep 27 – Oct 14, 2009 185 km/h (115 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam $617 million 500
 VSTY  Fanapi Rai Sep 14–21, 2010 175 km/h (110 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Taiwan, China $1 billion 105 [62][63]
 STS  Washi Hato Dec 13–19, 2011 95 km/h (60 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Micronesia, Palau, Philippines ₱2.07 billion 1,268 [64][65]
 TY  Vicente Lan July 18–25, 2012 150 km/h (90 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar $324 million 13 [66]
 VSTY  Bopha Ampil Nov 25 – Dec 9, 2012 185 km/h (115 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Micronesia, Philippines $1.04 billion 1,901 [67]
 STS  Sonamu Jongdari Jan 1–10, 2013 95 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia Minimal 2 [68][69]
 VITY  Utor Barijat Aug 8–18, 2013 195 km/h (120 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Philippines, China $3.56 billion 97 [70][71][72]
 TY  Fitow Mun Sep 29 – Oct 7, 2013 140 km/h (85 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) China, Taiwan, Japan $10.4 billion 12 [70]
 VITY  Haiyan Bailu Nov 3–11, 2013 230 km/h (145 mph) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, China $4.55 billion 8,052 [70][73]
 VSTY  Rammasun Bualoi July 9–20, 2014 165 km/h (105 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam $8.08 billion 222 [74][75][76]
 VITY  Soudelor Saudel Jul 29 – Aug 11, 2015 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan, Taiwan, China $3.84 billion 40 [77]
 VSTY  Mujigae Surigae Sep 30 – Oct 5, 2015 155 km/h (100 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Philippines, China $4.25 billion 29 [77]
 VSTY  Koppu Koguma Oct 12–21, 2015 185 km/h (115 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Philippines $309 million 62 [77]
 VSTY  Melor Cempaka Dec 9–17, 2015 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Philippines $149 million 51 [77]
 VITY  Meranti Nyatoh Sep 9–16, 2016 220 km/h (140 mph) 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China $4.8 billion 47
 VSTY  Sarika Trases Oct 13–19, 2016 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam $876 million 37
 VITY  Haima Mulan Oct 14–22, 2016 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China $976 million 19
 VITY  Nock-ten Hinnamnor Dec 20–28, 2016 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Philippines $128 million 13
 TY  Hato Yamaneko Aug 19–24, 2017 140 km/h (85 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam $6.82 billion 24 [78]
 TS  Kai-tak Yun-yeung Dec 13–23, 2017 75 km/h (45 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Philippines, Malaysia $75 million 83 [79]
 TY  Tembin Koinu Dec 20–26, 2017 130 km/h (80 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam $42.4 million 266 [80]
 TS  Rumbia Pulasan Aug 15–18, 2018 85 km/h (50 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Japan, China $5.36 billion 53 [81]
 VITY  Mangkhut Krathon Sep 7–17, 2018 205 km/h (125 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Guam, Philippines, Taiwan, China $3.74 billion 134 [82]
 VITY  Yutu Yinxing Oct 21 – Nov 2, 2018 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, South China, Taiwan $854 million 30 [83][84][85]
 VITY  Lekima Co-May Aug 2–13, 2019 195 km/h (120 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Caroline Islands, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, South Korea, China $9.28 billion 90
 VSTY  Faxai Nongfa Sep 2–9, 2019 155 km/h (100 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Japan $8.12 billion 3
 VITY  Hagibis Ragasa Oct 4–13, 2019 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea, Russian Far East, Aleutian Islands, Alaska >$15 billion 98
 VSTY  Kammuri Koto Nov 24 – Dec 6, 2019 165 km/h (105 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines $116 million 12
 TY  Phanfone Nokaen Dec 19–29, 2019 150 km/h (90 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Caroline Islands, Philippines $67.2 million 50
 VSTY  Vongfong Penha May 8–18, 2020 155 km/h (100 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Palau, Philippines, Taiwan $50 million 5
 TS  Linfa Peilou Oct 6–12, 2020 75 km/h (45 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Philippines, Indochina $217 million 138
 VSTY  Molave Narra Oct 22–29, 2020 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Philippines, Spratly Islands, Malaysia, Indochina $660 million 71
 VITY  Goni Gaenari Oct 26 – Nov 6, 2020 220 km/h (140 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Philippines, Indochina $415 million 32
 VSTY  Vamco Bang-Lang Nov 8–15, 2020 155 km/h (100 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Philippines, Indochina $440 million 102
References:[nb 2][nb 3][nb 4][nb 5][nb 6]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The name Vamei was retired because it was the first tropical cyclone recorded near the equator.[10]
  2. ^ Reference for the retired names between 1947 and 2010.[10]
  3. ^ Reference for dates, season, wind speeds and pressure between 2000 and 2023 [86]
  4. ^ Reference for the retired names between 2000 and 2016.[87]
  5. ^ Reference for the retired names between 2000 and 2018.[88]
  6. ^ Reference for the retired names between 1947 and 2013.[5]

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External links

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