List of vice presidents of the Philippines

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Official seal of the vice president of the Philippines, made of blue, white, yellow and red colors. "Sagisag Ng Pangalawang Pangulo Ng Pilipinas" (in all caps) is written along the circumference.
The official seal of the vice-president of the Philippines

The vice president of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official in the government of the Philippines. The vice president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term, and may be a cabinet member without confirmation from the Commission on Appointments and is first in the presidential line of succession.[1] There have been 15 vice presidents.[2]

History

The office of vice president was initially created following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which states that the vice-president shall be elected by direct vote of the people.[3] Vice presidents during the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under American sovereignty,[4] and there was no office of vice president during the Second Republic,[5] which was considered to be a puppet state of Imperial Japan during World War II.[6] During the martial law declared by President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1981, the office of the vice-president was abolished and the sitting vice-president, Fernando Lopez, was removed from the office.[5] Though the 1973 Constitution initially did not provide for a vice president, subsequent amendments restored the office.[5] A vice president was appointed after the 1986 election when Marcos and Arturo Tolentino were proclaimed as winners by the Batasang Pambansa. However, in 1986, the People Power Revolution overthrew Macros' dictatorship and repealed the 1973 Constitution.[5][7] The subsequently formed 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was established, which states that: "There shall be a vice-president who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the president."[8]

Before the ratification of the 1987 constitution, in case of an intra-term vacancy, there was no process to appoint a new vice president until after the next election.[5] However, after the ratification of the 1987 constitution, the president could nominate a vice president in case of an intra-term vacancy from a member of the congress, whom both houses vote separately for confirmation by a majority vote.[8] In 2001, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that President Joseph Estrada resigned.[9] A few days later, she appointed Teofisto Guingona as the vice president.[10]

Three vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency due to the death of presidents: Sergio Osmeña in 1944,[11] Elpidio Quirino in 1948,[12] and Carlos P. Garcia in 1957.[13] Fernando Lopez was the longest-serving vice-president, who served for a combined total of almost 11 years. Elpidio Quirino served the shortest time as vice-president for approximately 1 year 11 months. Sara Duterte is the current vice president.[2]

Vice presidents

# Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Party Term Election President Era
1 Black and white photographic portrait of Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña
(1878–1961)
[14] 		Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party 		November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944
(9 years, 106 days) 		1935 Manuel L. Quezon Commonwealth
1941
Office vacant (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946) Sergio Osmeña
2 Black and white photographic portrait of Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Quirino
(1890–1956)
[15] 		Liberal Party May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948
(1 year, 323 days) 		1946 Manuel Roxas Third Republic
Office vacant (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1949) Elpidio Quirino
3 Black and white photographic portrait of Fernando Lopez Fernando Lopez
(1904–1993)
[16] 		Liberal Party December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1953
(4 years, 0 days) 		1949
Democratic Party
4 Black and white photographic portrait of Carlos P. Garcia Carlos P. Garcia
(1896–1971)
[17] 		Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party 		December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957 (4 years, 0 days) 1953 Ramon Magsaysay
Office vacant (March 17, 1957 – December 30, 1957) Carlos P. Garcia
5 Black and white photographic portrait of Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Macapagal
(1910–1997)
[18] 		Liberal Party December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (4 years, 0 days) 1957
6 Black and white photographic portrait of Emmanuel Pelaez Emmanuel Pelaez
(1915–2003)
[19] 		Liberal Party December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
(4 years, 0 days) 		1961 Diosdado Macapagal
Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party
7 Black and white photographic portrait of Fernando Lopez Fernando Lopez
(1904–1993)
[20] 		Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party 		December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972
(7 years, 98 days) 		1965 Ferdinand Marcos
1969
Position abolished (September 23, 1972 – January 23, 1984) Marcos dictatorship
New Society
Office vacant (January 23, 1984 – February 25, 1986)[a] Fourth Republic
8 Black and white photographic portrait of Salvador Laurel Salvador Laurel
(1928–2004)
[21] 		United Nationalist Democratic Organization February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
(6 years, 126 days) 		1986 Corazon Aquino Provisional Government
Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party 		Fifth Republic
9 Photographic portrait of Joseph Estrada Joseph Estrada
(born 1937)
[22] 		Nationalist People's Coalition June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
(6 years, 0 days) 		1992 Fidel V. Ramos
Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino
Struggle of the Patriotic Filipino Masses
10 Photographic portrait of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(born 1947)
[23] 		Lakas–NUCD

People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats

June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
(2 years, 204 days) 		1998 Joseph Estrada
Office vacant (January 20, 2001 – February 7, 2001) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
11 File:VP Teofisto Guingona Portrait.png Teofisto Guingona Jr.
(born 1928)
[24] 		Lakas–NUCD

People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats

February 7, 2001 – June 30, 2004
(3 years, 144 days)
Independent
12 File:Noli De Castro Official Portrait.jpg Noli de Castro
(born 1949)
[25] 		Independent June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010
(6 years, 0 days) 		2004
13 Photographic portrait of Jejomar Binay Jejomar Binay
(born 1942)
[26] 		PDP–Laban
Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power 		June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
(6 years, 0 days) 		2010 Benigno Aquino III
United Nationalist Alliance
14 Photographic portrait of Leni Robredo Leni Robredo
(born 1965)
[27] 		Liberal Party June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022
(6 years, 0 days) 		2016 Rodrigo Duterte
15 Photograph of Sara Duterte Sara Duterte
(born 1978)
[28] 		Lakas–CMD

People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats

June 30, 2022 – incumbent
(2 years, 7 days) 		2022 Bongbong Marcos

Timeline

Sara DuterteLeni RobredoJejomar BinayNoli de CastroTeofisto Guingona Jr.Gloria Macapagal ArroyoJoseph EstradaSalvador LaurelFernando LopezEmmanuel PelaezDiosdado MacapagalCarlos P. GarciaElpidio QuirinoSergio Osmeña


Unofficial vice presidents

Historians and other figures have identified the following people as having held the vice-presidency of a government intended to represent the Philippines, but their terms of office are not counted by the Philippine government as part of the presidential succession.

The inclusion of Mariano Trías in the list is disputed, because Trias was chosen as vice-president at the Tejeros Convention, and again as vice-president for the short-lived Republic of Biak-na-Bato, which was dissolved after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and Aguinaldo's exile. Neither the reassumption of power by Emilio Aguinaldo when the revolution was resumed in May 1898 nor his formal proclamation and inauguration as President under the First Philippine Republic in 1899 were regimes that provided for a vice-presidency.[29]

Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Party Term President Era
Black and white photographic portrait of Mariano Trías Mariano Trías
(1868 – 1914)
[30] 		None[b] March 22, 1897 – December 14, 1897
(267 days) 		Emilio Aguinaldo Tejeros Convention
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Black and white photographic portrait of Francisco Carreón Francisco Carreón
(1868 – 1939/1941)
[31] 		None[b] May 6, 1902 – July 14, 1906[c]
(3 years, 296 days) 		Macario Sakay Tagalog Republic
Ramón Avanceña
(1872 – 1957)
[32] 		Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Association for Service to the New Philippines 		October 14, 1943 – January 15, 1944
(93 days) 		Jose P. Laurel Second Republic
Black and white photographic portrait of Benigno Aquino Sr. Benigno Aquino Sr.
(1894 – 1947)
[32] 		Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Association for Service to the New Philippines 		January 15, 1944 – August 17, 1945
(1 year, 272 days) 		Jose P. Laurel Second Republic
Ramón Avanceña
(1872 – 1957)
[32] 		Liberal Party November 30, 1948 – December 30, 1949
(1 year, 30 days) 		Elpidio Quirino Third Republic
Black and white photographic portrait of Arturo Tolentino Arturo Tolentino
(1910 – 2004)
[33] 		Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
New Society Movement 		February 16, 1986 – February 25, 1986[d]
(9 days) 		Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic

See also


Notes

  1. ^ A plebiscite approved the recreation of the office of the vice president, but an election was not called until 1986.
  2. ^ a b Allied with the Magdalo faction of the revolutionary society Katipunan.
  3. ^ Term ended with his capture by the American Forces.
  4. ^ Term ended when Marcos was overthrown in the 1986 People Power Revolution

References

  1. ^ Rappler (b) (2021).
  2. ^ a b ABS-CBN news (2016).
  3. ^ Constitution of the Philippines (1935) § Article VII: Executive Department
  4. ^ Ooi (2004), p. 387.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vice president of the Philippines.
  6. ^ Vellut (1964), p. 128.
  7. ^ BBC News (2016).
  8. ^ a b Constitution of the Philippines (1987) § Article VII: Executive Department
  9. ^ The Wall Street Journal (2001).
  10. ^ Tehran Times (2001).
  11. ^ Zaide (1999), pp. 348–349.
  12. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 357.
  13. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  14. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 42, 118; St. Louis Star-Times (1935); The Caledonian-Record (1935); Zaide (1999), p. 319.
  15. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 119–120; Spokane Chronicle (1946); The Courier-Journal (1948); Zaide (1999), p. 353.
  16. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; The Californian (1949); Senate of the Philippines (a).
  17. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 120; The Spokesman-Review (1953); Fort Worth Star-Telegram (1957); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  18. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), pp. 121–122; The Honolulu Advertiser (1957); Calgary Herald (1961); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  19. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Guam Daily News (1961); Senate of the Philippines (b); Zaide (1999), p. 362.
  20. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Chicago Tribune (1965); Senate of the Philippines (a); Zaide (1999), p. 363.
  21. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Hartford Courant (1986); The Windsor Star (1992); Zaide (1999), p. 400.
  22. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(a); Senate of the Philippines (c); Economic and Political Weekly; Zaide (1999), p. 407.
  23. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(b); Senate of the Philippines (d); Rodell (2002), p. 219; Zaide (1999), p. 411.
  24. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Senate of the Philippines (e); Gulf News (2001).
  25. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2021); The New York Times (2004).
  26. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); The New York Times (2013).
  27. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); Reuters (2021).
  28. ^ Reuters (2022).
  29. ^ "Office of the Vice President". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  30. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 247.
  31. ^ National Historical Institute of the Philippines.
  32. ^ a b c Los Angeles Times (1943); The Decatur Daily (1945).
  33. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 398.

Works cited

Books and journals

Articles

Online sources

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