List of Thai monarchs

The Royal Standard of the King of Thailand. The Garuda in the center has been the symbol of the monarchy since the times of Ayutthaya.

This article lists the monarchs of Thailand from the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238 until the present day.

Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1368)

Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1368; under Ayutthaya 1368–1438)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
1	Pho Khun Si Inthrathit (Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao)	1188	1238	1270 (32 years) (82 years old)	• First Pho Khun (Lord) of Thailand • First ruler of Sukhothai
2	Pho Khun Ban Mueang	c. 1237	1270	1279 (9 years) (42 years old)	• Son of Si Inthrathit
3	Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng the Great (Pho Khun Ramarat)	c. 1237/1247	1279	1298 (19 years) (51/61 years old)	• Younger brother of Ban Mueang • First ruler of Thailand with the title of Maharat (the Great)
4	Phaya Loe Thai	c. 1262	1298	1323 (25 years) (61 years old)	• Son of Ram Khamhaeng the Great • First Phaya (Governor) of Thailand
5	Phaya Ngua Nam Thum	c. 1266	1323	1347 (24 years) (81 years old)	• Cousin of Loe Thai
6	Phaya Li Thai (Phra Maha Thammaracha I)	c. 1300	1347	1368 (21 years) (68 years old)	• Cousin of Ngua Nam Thum • First Phra (King) of Thailand
Under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya
7	Phaya Lue Thai (Phra Maha Thammaracha II)	c. 1358	1368	1399 (31 years) (41 years old)	• Son of Li Thai
8	Phaya Saileuthai (Phra Mahathammaracha III)	c. 1380	1400	1419 (19 years) (39 years old)	• Son of Luethai
9	Phaya Borommapan (Phra Mahathammaracha IV)	c. 1401	1419	1438 (19 years) (37 years old)	• Son of Sailuethai
The end of autonomy, unification under the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)

1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)

No.	Portrait	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
1		Somdet Phra Chao Uthong (Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I)	3 April 1314	4 March 1351^[1]	1369 (18 years) (63 years old)		• First King of Ayutthaya
2		Somdet Phra Ramesuan	1339	1369	1370 (less than one year) (abdicated)	1395 (56 years old)	• Son of Uthong

1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)

No.	Portrait	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
3		Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat I (Khun Luang Pha Ngua)	1310	1370	1388 (18 years) (78 years old)		• Husband of Uthong's older sister • Usurper • Former Lord of Suphanburi
4		Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan (Chao Thong Chan)	1374	1388 (7 days) (14 years old)			• Son of Borommarachathirat I

2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)

No.	Portrait	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
(2)		Somdet Phra Ramesuan	1339	1388	1395 (7 years) (56 years old)		• Former King reclaiming the throne • Son of Uthong
5		Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat	1356	1395	1409 (14 years) (usurped)	?	• Son of Ramesuan

2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
6	Somdet Phra Intharacha I (Phra Chao Nakhon In)	1359	1409	1424 (15 years) (65 years old)		• Son of Borommarachathirat I • Former Lord of Suphanburi, offered crown
7	Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat II (Somdet Phra Chao Sam Phraya)	1386	1424	1448 (24 years) (62 years old)		• Son of Inthracha I
Administrative Reform Chatusadom, 1463
8	Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat (Ramesuan II)	1431	1448	1488 (40 years) (57 years old)		• Son of Borommarachathirat II
9	Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat III (Intharacha II)	1462	1488	1491 (3 years) (29 years old)		• Son of Borommatrailokkanat
10	Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II (Chettathirat I)	1473	1491	10 October 1529 (38 years) (56 years old)		• Younger brother of Borommarachathirat III • Son of Borommatrailokkanat
11	Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV (Borommarachathirat No Phutthangkun) (Phra Buddhakura)	1488	10 October 1529	1533 (4 years) (45 years old)		• Son of Ramathibodi II
12	Phra Ratsadathirat	1529	1533 (5 months) (4 years old)			• Son of Borommarachathirat IV • Child King, reign under regency
13	Somdet Phra Chairacha (Chairachathirat) (Phra Chai)	1499	1533	1546 (13 years) (47 years old)		• Uncle of Ratsadathirat • Son of Ramathibodi II • Usurper
14	Phra Yotfa (Phra Kaeofa)	1535	1546	1548 (2 years)	10 June 1548 (13 years old)	• Son of Chairacha
-	Khun Worawongsathirat (Khun Chinnarat) (Bun Si)	1503	before 10 June 1548	11 November 1548 - 5 January 1549 (45 years old)		• Usurper monarch, not accepted by some historians
15	Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat (Phra Chao Chang Phueak) (Phra Thianracha)	1509	1549	18 February 1564 (15 years) (usurped)	15 April 1569 (60 years old)	• Son of Ramathibodi II • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat IV and Chairacha • Seized the throne from usurper • Became a Buddhist monk at Pegu (1564–1568)
Vassal of Burma (1564–1568)
16	Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat	1539	18 February 1564	before 12 May 1568 (~4 years)	c. late 1569	• Son of Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai
(15)	Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat (Phra Chao Chang Phueak) (Phra Thianracha)	1509	before 12 May 1568	15 April 1569 (~1 year)		• Father of Mahinthrathirat • Regained the throne of Ayutthaya at the urging of his son • Died during the Second Siege of Ayutthaya
(16)	Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat	1539	15 April 1569	2 August 1569 (3 months) (usurped)	c. late 1569	• Son of Maha Chakkraphat • Temporarily regained the throne following Maha Chakkraphat's death
First Fall of Ayutthaya

Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
Vassal of Burma (1569–1584)
17	Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat (Sanphet I)	1517	1569	c. 30 June 1590 (21 years) (73 years old)		• Former Lord of Phitsanulok • Son-in-law of Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai • Installed as vassal of Bayinnaung of Burma, declared independence in 1584
to restore independence, break free under the rule of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, 1592
18	Somdet Phra Naresuan the Great (Sanphet II) (Phra Naret)	1555/56	1 July 1590	25 April 1605 (15 years) (49 years old)		• Son of Maha Thammarachathirat I
19	Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot (Sanphet III)	1557	25 April 1605	1610 (5 years) (53 years old)		• Brother of Naresuan • Son of Maha Thammarachathirat I
20	Somdet Phra Si Saowaphak (Sanphet IV)	1585	1610	1611 (1 year, 2 months) (26 years old)		• Son of Ekathotsarot
21	Somdet Phra Songtham (Borommaracha I) (Intharacha III)	1590	1611	12 December 1628 (17 years) (38 years old)		• Son of "Ekathotsarot", invited to take the throne after leaving the Sangha
22	Somdet Phra Chetthathirat (Borommaracha II) (Phra Otsa)	c. 1613	12 December 1628	1628–1629 (1 year) (16 years old)		• Son of Songtham
23	Phra Athittayawong	1620	1629 (36 days) (usurped)		1637 (17 years old)	• Younger brother of Chetthathirat II • Son of Songtham

Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
24	Somdet Phra Chao Prasat Thong (Sanphet V)	1599	1629^[2]^[3]	August 1656 (27 years) (57 years old)	• Usurper, formerly the Kalahom • Rumored to be a son of Ekathotsarot
25	Somdet Chao Fa Chai (Sanphet VI)	1630	August–September 1656 (1 month) (26 years old)		• Son of Prasat Thong
26	Somdet Phra Si Suthammaracha (Sanphet VII)	1600	September 1656	26 October 1656 (1 months) (56 years old)	• Usurper, Uncle of Chao Fa Chai • Younger brother of Prasat Thong
27	Somdet Phra Narai the Great (Ramathibodi III)	16 February 1632	26 October 1656	11 July 1688 (32 years) (56 years old)	• Usurper, nephew of Si Suthammaracha • Son of Prasat Thong • Half-brother of Chao Fa Chai • Former Front Palace
The Siamese revolution of 1688; populist^[4] upheaval

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Notes
28	Somdet Phra Phetracha (Ramesuan III)	1632	11 July 1688	5 February 1703 (14 years) (71 years old)		• Former commander of the Royal Elephant Corps
29	Somdet Phra Suriyenthrathibodi (Sanphet VIII) (Phra Chao Sua)	1661	5 February 1703	9 February 1709 (7 years) (48 years old)		• Adoptive son of Phetracha • Son of Narai and Chiang Mai's Princess that was given to be Phetracha's wife later.
30	Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Thai Sa (Sanphet IX) (Puhmintharacha)	1679	9 February 1709	13 January 1733 (23 years) (54 years old)		• Son of Suriyenthrathibodi
31	Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Borommakot (Maha Thammarachathirat II)	c. 1681^[5]	13 January 1733	26 April 1758 (26 years) (77 years old)		• Brother of Thai Sa, Former Front Palace • Son of Suriyenthrathibodi
32	Somdet Phra Chao Uthumphon^[a] (Maha Thammarachathirat III) (Khun Luang Ha Wat)	1733	1 May 1758	1758 (3 months) (25 years old)	1796 (~63 years old)	• Son of Borommakot • Former Front Palace
33	Somdet Phra Chao Ekkathat^[a] (Phra Thinang Suriyat Amarin) (Borommaracha III)	1718	1758	7 April 1767 (9 years) (deposed)	17 April 1767 (49 years old)	• Usurper, brother of Uthumphon • Son of Borommakot
Second Fall of Ayutthaya

Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)

Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)

No.	Portrait	Name	Birth	Reign from	Coronation	Reign until	Death	Notes
1		Taksin the Great (Phra Chao Krung Thonburi) (Emperor of Siam)^[6] (Sanphet X)	17 April 1734	28 December 1767		6 April 1782 (14 years) (deposed)	7 April 1782 (47 years old) (executed)	• Only King of Thonburi • Son of a Teochew Chinese family named "Tea" (鄭) or "Zheng" in Mandarin Chinese
The coup seized power as part of the Rattanakosin Empire.^[7]

Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)

Chakri dynasty (1782–present)

No.	Name	Birth	Reign from	Coronation	Reign until	Death	Notes
1	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great (Rama I)	20 March 1737	6 April 1782	10 June 1782	7 September 1809 (27 years) (72 years old)		• First King of Rattanakosin • Friend and Father-in-law of Taksin • Usurper • Son of Thongdee (Mon nobleman that was a descendant of Kosa Pan) and Yok (Daughter of a Hokkien Chinese millionaire family)
2	Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Mahetsawarasunthon Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II)	24 February 1767	7 September 1809		21 July 1824 (14 years) (57 years old)		• Son of Rama I and Queen Amarindra
3	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Jessadabodindra Phra Nang Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama III) (Phra Maha Jesataraj Chao)	31 March 1788	21 July 1824		2 April 1851 (26 years) (63 years old)		• Son of Rama II and Princess Consort Sri Sulalai
4	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama IV) Phra Syamadevamahamakut Vidyamaharaj^[8]	18 October 1804	2 April 1851	6 April 1851 (1st time) 15 May 1851 (2nd time)	1 October 1868 (17 years) (63 years old)		• Half-brother of Rama III • Son of Rama II and Queen Sri Suriyendra
The Feudal system changed the regime to Absolute monarchy, 1892
5	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua the Great (Rama V) (Phra Piya Maharaj)	20 September 1853	1 October 1868	11 November 1868 (1st time) 16 November 1873 (2nd time)	23 October 1910 (42 years) (57 years old)		• Son of Rama IV and Queen Debsirindra • Under Regency of Grand Duke Sri Suriyavongs from 1868–1873
6	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkut Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama VI) (Phra Maha Dhiraraj Chao)	1 January 1881	23 October 1910	11 November 1911	26 November 1925 (15 years) (44 years old)		• Son of Rama V and Queen Saovabha Phongsri
7	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paraminthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pok Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama VII)	8 November 1893	26 November 1925	25 February 1926	2 March 1935 (9 years) (abdicated)	30 May 1941 (47 years old)	• Younger brother of Rama VI • Son of Rama V and Queen Saovabha Phongsri
The Siamese revolution of 1932 ended Absolute monarchy.
8	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthama Ramathibodin (Rama VIII)	20 September 1925	2 March 1935	—	9 June 1946 (11 years) (20 years old)		• Nephew of Rama VII • Grandson of Rama V by Mahidol Adulyadej • Under Regency from 1935–1946
9	Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromchanakathibet Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej Maharaj Borommanatbophit the Great (Rama IX) (Somdet Phra Phatthara Maharat, Somdet Phra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej Maharat)	5 December 1927	9 June 1946	5 May 1950	13 October 2016 (70 years 126 days) (88 years old)		• Younger brother of Rama VIII • Grandson of Rama V by Mahidol Adulyadej
10	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajira Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama X)	28 July 1952	13 October 2016	4 May 2019^[9]	Present (Incumbent: 7 years, 325 days) (72 years old)		• Only son of Rama IX and Queen Sirikit • 2nd child of Rama IX

Timeline of monarchs

Family Tree of the Thai Monarchy

Notes

^ ^a ^b The portrait is believed to have depicted either Uthumphon or Ekkathat.

^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle Edition). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
^ Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974957544X.
^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 301). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.
^ กำเนิดจักรพรรดิ - พระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช ภูมิสุสานแห่งความมั่งคั่งอุดมสมบูรณ์ | HU LIN : A Landscape Cemetery of Abundance: ฮูลิน
^ คำให้การ วันประหาร “พระเจ้าตาก” ฉากสุดท้ายกรุงธนบุรี ศิลปวัฒนธรรม ฉบับสิงหาคม 2552
^ "ในหลวง-พระราชินี ทรงบำเพ็ญพระราชกุศลทักษิณานุปทานวันพระบรมราชสมภพและถวายพระราชสมัญญา ร.4 พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช". ผู้จัดการออนไลน์. 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^ "Thai king to be crowned in coronation ceremonies May 4–6 - palace". euronews. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

Bibliography

Prince Chula Chakrabongse, HRH (1967). Lords of Life: A History of the Kings of Thailand. United Kingdom: Alvin Redman Limited.
Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, Disuankumaan (2001). Our Wars With The Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539-1767. Thailand: White Lotus Co. Ltd. ISBN 974-7534-58-4.
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation (2011). Directory of Thai kings (Thai: นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) (PDF). Thailand: www.nanmeebooks.com. ISBN 978-616-7308-25-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
Royal Institute of Thailand (2002). "Chronology of the Kings of Ayutthaya". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
Wood, William A. R. (1924). History of Siam. Thailand: Chalermit Press. ISBN 1-931541-10-8.

[Ayutthaya_King-6] The portrait is believed to have depicted either Uthumphon or Ekkathat.

[1] Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.

[2] Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle Edition). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.

[3] Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974957544X.

[Cambridge_University_Press-4] Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.

[5] Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 301). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.

[7] กำเนิดจักรพรรดิ - พระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช ภูมิสุสานแห่งความมั่งคั่งอุดมสมบูรณ์ | HU LIN : A Landscape Cemetery of Abundance: ฮูลิน

[8] คำให้การ วันประหาร “พระเจ้าตาก” ฉากสุดท้ายกรุงธนบุรี ศิลปวัฒนธรรม ฉบับสิงหาคม 2552

[9] "ในหลวง-พระราชินี ทรงบำเพ็ญพระราชกุศลทักษิณานุปทานวันพระบรมราชสมภพและถวายพระราชสมัญญา ร.4 พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช". ผู้จัดการออนไลน์. 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.

[10] "Thai king to be crowned in coronation ceremonies May 4–6 - palace". euronews. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

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