Hobgoblin (comics)

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This article is about a supervillain by Marvel Comics. For the member of the Shi'ar Imperial Guard, see Hobgoblin (Imperial Guard). For other, see Hobgoblin (disambiguation).
Hobgoblin
File:Hobgoblin (Marvel Comics).png
Roderick Kingsley as the Hobgoblin.
Art by John Romita Sr. and John Romita Jr.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceThe Amazing Spider-Man #238 (March 1983)
Created by
In-story information
Alter egoRoderick Kingsley
Lefty Donovan
Ned Leeds
Jason Macendale
Robin Borne
Daniel Kingsley
Phil Urich
Claude
Harry Osborn
Abilities
  • Superhuman strength, reflexes, and intelligence
  • Regenerative healing factor
  • Uses Halloween-themed paraphernalia, high-tech gadgetry, and a Goblin Glider equipped with various weapons

The Hobgoblin is the alias of several supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most of whom are depicted as enemies of the superhero Spider-Man and belong to the collection of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery.

The first and most prominent incarnation of the Hobgoblin made his in-costume debut in The Amazing Spider-Man #238 in March 1983 as a criminal mastermind equipped with Halloween-themed weapons similar to those used by the Green Goblin.[1][2] While the Hobgoblin was originally revealed to be Ned Leeds in 1987, the character's true identity was retroactively established as Roderick Kingsley ten years later in 1997. Other characters have assumed the Hobgoblin mantle over the years, including Lefty Donovan, Jason Macendale, Roderick's twin brother Daniel Kingsley and Spider-Man 2211's daughter Robin Borne during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and Phil Urich and Claude in the early 2010s; Leeds, Donovan and Claude were revealed to be brainwashed stand-ins of the Kingsley brothers' mastermind conspiracy, with Macendale, Borne and Urich being the only versions to operate independently of the others (although occasionally partnering with them), the latter after killing Daniel.

In 2009, the Roderick Kingsley incarnation was ranked by IGN as the 57th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.[3] The Hobgoblin has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including television series and video games, most notably having been voiced by Mark Hamill in Spider-Man: The Animated Series as Jason Philips Macendale, and is often depicted as an identity adopted by Harry Osborn instead of that of the Green Goblin, contrary to the comic books, to distinguish the character from Norman Osborn.

Publication history

File:The Amazing Spider-Man 238.jpg
The Amazing Spider-Man #238 (March 1983), the Hobgoblin's first appearance. Cover art by John Romita Sr.

The Hobgoblin was created by writer Roger Stern and artist John Romita Jr. for The Amazing Spider-Man #238 (March 1983).[4] Like other writers, Stern found himself under pressure to have Spider-Man fight the Green Goblin again, but did not wish to bring Norman Osborn or Bart Hamilton back from the dead, have Harry Osborn be the Green Goblin again, or create another Green Goblin. Stern instead created a new concept as heir to the Goblin legacy and developed the Hobgoblin.[5] Stern recounts that he directed Romita to base the costume on the Green Goblin's but to make it "a little more medieval-looking", while Romita asserts that he was given no direction beyond using the Green Goblin as a basis. Both agree, however, that the costume was chiefly Romita's design.[6]

The Hobgoblin's identity was not initially revealed, generating one of the longest-running mysteries in the Spider-Man comics. According to Stern, "I plotted that first story with no strong idea of who the Hobgoblin was. As I was scripting those gorgeous pages from [John Romita, Jr.], particularly the last third of the book, and developing the Hobgoblin’s speech pattern, I realized who he was. It was Roderick Kingsley, that sunuvabitch corporate leader I had introduced in my first issue of [The] Spectacular [Spider-Man]."[6] A handful of readers deduced that Kingsley was the Hobgoblin almost immediately. In order to throw off the scent and in the same stroke provide a retroactive explanation for his inconsistent characterization of Kingsley in his early appearances, Stern came up with the idea of Kingsley having his brother Daniel Kingsley sometimes impersonate him, sealing the deception by having the Hobgoblin conspicuously appear in the same room as Kingsley in The Amazing Spider-Man #249.[6]

Stern's original plan was to have the Hobgoblin's mystery identity run exactly one issue longer than that of the Green Goblin's identity, meaning the truth would be revealed in The Amazing Spider-Man #264.[6] However, Stern left after The Amazing Spider-Man #251, and editor Tom DeFalco took his place. Wanting to resolve the mystery in a manner that would do justice to Stern's stories, DeFalco asked Stern who the Hobgoblin was, but objected when Stern said it was Kingsley. DeFalco argued that the "twin brother" scheme was cheating the readers since there had been no hint that Roderick even had a brother (aside from a single thought bubble), much less one who could serve as a body double. Stern disagreed but said that DeFalco should feel free to make the choice of which character to use for the Hobgoblin's secret identity, Stern reasoning that "I knew that whomever Tom chose, he would make it work."[6] Upon reviewing the clues, DeFalco decided that the Hobgoblin was Richard Fisk. Moreover, he decided that the Hobgoblin's mystery should be prolonged as long as possible, since it was the chief element that made the Hobgoblin interesting.[6] Through both Stern and DeFalco's runs, the answer was continuously teased on the cover art, with the covers of The Amazing Spider-Man #245, 251, and 276 all showing Spider-Man having unmasked the Hobgoblin.[7]

Artist John Romita Jr. signing a copy of The Amazing Spider-Man #238, in which the Hobgoblin first appeared, at Midtown Comics in Manhattan

The mystery was further complicated after James Owsley came on as editor of the Spider-Man titles. Owsley's relationship with DeFalco and artist Ron Frenz was strained from the beginning. When Owsley asked who the Hobgoblin was at a creators conference, DeFalco lied and said the man in question was Ned Leeds. Owsley then wrote the one-shot Spider-Man vs Wolverine in which Leeds is killed off (though the actual death is not shown), and instructed The Spectacular Spider-Man writer Peter David to reveal the Hobgoblin's identity as the Foreigner. David objected and argued that the only person who fit the clues was Leeds. Having been present at the Spider-Man creator's conference, David also thought that Leeds was who DeFalco intended it to be. Because Spider-Man vs. Wolverine had already been drawn, however, it was too late to undo Leeds's death.[6] Thus, the Hobgoblin's identity was revealed posthumously in the double-sized The Amazing Spider-Man #289. With Spider-Man's archenemy now dead, a new storyline was created from Jason Macendale's hatred of the Hobgoblin. Though the Hobgoblin's posthumous unmasking as Leeds was unpopular with fans, David said in a 2009 interview of still being proud of the story, arguing that the Hobgoblin being unmasked in a climactic battle with Spider-Man was the sort of tale readers had already seen countless times before, whereas having an archvillain unmasked in a flashback after having been brutally killed by nameless assassins was unprecedented and shocking.[6] From 1987 to 1997, Macendale initially using only the Hobgoblin's costume and weaponry, but the 1988-1989 "Inferno" crossover writer Gerry Conway had Macendale imbued with magical powers by the demon N'astirh. In addition to power over hellfire and increased strength and speed far greater than his predecessor, N'astirh also disfigures Macendale so that his head resembled the Hobgoblin mask, and ultimately alters his mind so that he was deluded into thinking that his appearance is normal. Several years later, Macendale succeeds in purging himself of his demonic powers and acquires cybernetic implants.[7]

Stern was unhappy with the Hobgoblin's civilian identity revelation was Leeds and wrote the three-issue miniseries Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives in 1997, with the retcon that Kingsley was the original Hobgoblin while Leeds was brainwashed into serving as a fall guy, Macendale is killed off, and Kingsley returned. According to Stern, initially he had not known how to resolve the situation of having two Hobgoblins, and it was at the suggestion of the editorial staff that Kingsley kill Macendale and return to operating as the Hobgoblin.[6]

Fictional character biography

Roderick Kingsley

Main article: Roderick Kingsley

Roderick Kingsley is an egotistical socialite and billionaire fashion designer. He decided to create a criminal name for himself by altering Norman Osborn's Goblin formula and improve the Goblin costume/equipment in order to be the original Hobgoblin. Kingsley then frames Ned Leeds as a decoy for his crimes,[8] and later murders his successor Jason Macendale.[9] When his villainous identity is finally exposed by Spider-Man and Betty Brant,[8] he flees to the Caribbean to hide from both the law and his enemies.[10] After his twin brother[11] is murdered by Phil Urich,[12] Roderick returns to New York and dons his old Hobgoblin costume.[13]

Lefty Donovan

Arnold Samuel "Lefty" Donovan was a petty thug. Similar to Osborn, Donovan was a test subject mix the two vital chemicals that were mixed into the Goblin formula, disfiguring Donovan's face and granting superhuman abilities. Donovan is taken to a hospital. Brainwashed by Gerhard Winkler's device, Donovan eventually escapes the hospital and follows preprogrammed instructions to go to a hidden cache of Goblin weapons and dress up as the Hobgoblin.[14] Donovan (impersonating the Hobgoblin) attacks New York City but Spider-Man eventually confronts and unmasks him. Spider-Man sees his (scarred) face and recognizes Lefty. As Donovan is able to shake off some of his programing and starts talking, his "boss" programmed the Goblin glider to crash into the side of a building, killing Lefty instantly on impact.[15]

Ned Leeds

Main article: Ned Leeds

Edward "Ned" Leeds was a reporter working for the Daily Bugle. He was brainwashed to act as a stand-in on many occasions and fool the underworld into thinking that he was the Hobgoblin,[8] and was later murdered by the Foreigner after the actual Hobgoblin had decided that he was no longer needed.[16]

Jason Macendale

Main article: Jason Macendale

Jason Philip Macendale Jr. was a mercenary who had been trained by the CIA (and various para-military organizations). He first appeared as the supervillain Jack O'Lantern before eventually adopting the Hobgoblin identity.[17]

Daniel Kingsley

Daniel Kingsley is Roderick Kingsley's twin brother. He would act as a body double until being exposed by Betty Brant while the true Hobgoblin gets unmasked by Spider-Man.[8] Now in protective custody, Daniel was unknowingly used by Roderick to blackmail Norman Osborn, resulting in the Hobgoblin to swoop in to collect Daniel. Spider-Man defends Daniel but is drugged while Daniel passes out and both are taken to Osborn.[18] As Kingsley and Osborn furiously fight each other, Daniel gets rescued by Spider-Man.[19] Kingsley later returned to New York, posing as his twin brother as the Hobgoblin.[11] Kingsley investigated an old lair at OsCorp which had a flaming energy sword, but discovers Phil Urich trying to retrieve the same gear. Kingsley gets stunned by Urich's "Lunatic Laugh" long enough for Urich to kill him using his own sword, allowing his killer to claim the Hobgoblin mantle.[12]

Phil Urich

Main article: Phil Urich

Phillip Benjamin "Phil" Urich (who once used the Green Goblin identity to operate as a superhero) took on the Hobgoblin identity himself as a supervillain with some new gear (new body armor, a winged jetpack, and a flaming energy sword).[12]

Norman Osborn

Main article: Norman Osborn

Norman Osborn briefly impersonated the original Hobgoblin.[20]

Claude

Claude was Roderick's butler who was sent in place and to talk like his master to distract the Goblin Nation. He fought against and was killed in battle by the Goblin Knight who then discovered it was Claude who was killed and destroyed his body to keep the Goblin King from finding out about the imposter Hobgoblin.[21]

Powers, abilities, and equipment

As the Hobgoblin, Roderick Kingsley wears bulletproof mail with an overlapping tunic, cape, and cowl. A computerized system cybernetically causes the finger-blasters to randomly vary their attack vectors when trained on a particular target. He uses a Goblin glider, a one-man miniature turbo-fan-powered vertical thrust, cybernetically-controlled vehicle. It can reach high velocities and is extremely maneuverable. He uses concussion and incendiary Jack O'Lanterns, wraith-shaped smoke and gas-emitting bombs, bat shaped razor-edged throwing blades, and gloves woven with micro-circuited power conducting filaments which channel pulsed discharges of electricity. He wore a shoulder bag to carry his small, portable weaponry.[22]

While brainwashed, Ned Leeds wore the Hobgoblin's uniform and used the Goblin glider and equipment which included Jack O'Lantern bombs, razor bats and electrical shock gloves. However, he had no healing factor or superhuman strength.[8]

As the Hobgoblin, Phil Urich wears an orange Hobgoblin costume with wings on the back that allow him to fly without the use of a Goblin glider and he took the Hobgoblin mask as his own. He uses the traditional Pumpkin Bombs all Green Goblins and Hobgoblins before him have used, but he also has a new flaming sword.[12] He still retains his "Lunatic Laugh" and he also has superhuman strength, speed, durability, stamina, reflexes and senses, and enhanced intellect. For unknown reasons, he no longer needs his Goblin mask to activate this power. With the help of Reverbium, his "Lunatic Laugh" was able to cause a building to collapse.[23]

Alternative versions

Hobgoblin 2211

Hobgoblin 2211
File:Futuregoblinvsspidey.PNG
Hobgoblin 2211 (left) and Spider-Man 2211.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceSpider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man
Created byPeter David
Rick Leonardi
In-story information
Alter egoRobin Borne
AbilitiesSuperhuman strength, speed, agility, stamina, durability and reflexes
Genius-level intellect
Use of goblin-themed weapons and paraphernalia

Hobgoblin 2211 first appears in Spider-Man 2099 Meets Spider-Man. While her costume sports the twentieth-century Green Goblins' green-and-purple color scheme, she boasted that she was the Hobgoblin of 2211. Her identity was not revealed to readers (or to the visiting Spider-Men of previous eras) at the time, but her later reappearance in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (also written by David) revealed her true identity and origin.

Hobgoblin 2211 is Robin "Hobby"/"Hob" Borne, Spider-Man's daughter. Her father always seemed to put his superhero career before raising his own daughter. She wanted to save the universes from 'intersecting'; in other words, having other parallel universes merge with the existing one, causing it to override. She was later arrested by her father for something that she would have done in future: unauthorized time travel, chronal displacement, jumping the tracks to other realities. She was held in a virtual reality prison where she lives a benign and trouble-free existence in what appears to be Kansas. Her boyfriend attempts to free her by uploading a virus into the prison, but inadvertently causes her to be driven insane. She attacked her father with a 'retcon bomb' (a variation on the original Goblins' pumpkin bombs) but it hit her boyfriend instead, erasing (or 'retconning') him from existence.

Now suited up as the Hobgoblin, Robin managed to time-travel to the current year, attacking the current Spider-Man in his reality and derailing an Uncle Ben from another reality into the present one causing a time paradox. Later, in a confrontation with her father, she threw a 'retcon bomb' at him. Spider-Man, believing it to be no more harmful than a regular pumpkin bomb, caught it with his web and threw it back to Robin, unwittingly erasing her from existence.

JLA/Avengers

In the last issue of JLA/Avengers, the Hobgoblin is among the enthralled villains defending Krona's stronghold, and is defeated by Hawkgirl.[24]

Marvel Adventures

In this continuity, Hobgoblin is an unidentified criminal who found a stash of Green Goblin's weaponry because he had forgotten to leave the entrance locked. Delighted at his new technological power he challenges Green Goblin to a confrontation. Spider-Man defeats them both.[25]

MC2

The original Hobgoblin made his MC2 debut as a hired assassin to kill many of the Spider-Girl characters, including Normie Osborn, Spider-Girl, and Peter Parker.[26] After a fight against both Spider-Girl and her father, he came close to victory, but at the end his only success lay in killing the Venom symbiote, and also in escaping without a trace.[27] He attempted a complex plot to become the new kingpin of crime, but was undone due to an act of treachery by his partner, the Mindworm. Killing the Mindworm, and deciding the New York underworld had become too "hot" for him at the moment, he chose to return to the Caribbean, but vowed someday to come back and finish off Spider-Girl.[28] He is later revealed to be the instigator of a mob war against the Black Tarantula, returning to New York to finish the job.[29] He defeated American Dream and the New Warriors. He then dropped them from a great height, planning to kill Spider-Girl as she tried to save them. However, he himself was then killed by Mayhem, Spider-Girl's half-symbiote clone.[30]

Ultimate Marvel

Main article: Harry Osborn

The Ultimate Marvel equivalent of Hobgoblin is Harold "Harry" Osborn when his second personality Shaw takes control.[31][32]

Sword-and-sorcery

In the 2007 Spider-Man/Red Sonja mini-series, the Hobgoblin was one of several supervillains who was transformed into a sword-and-sorcery version of themselves due to the spell cast by Kulan Gath. It was never specified which Hobgoblin it was.

Spider-Verse

Main article: Spider-Verse

Overwhelmed with rage over the death of Gwen Stacy, the Earth-21205 version of Peter Parker, as Spider-Man, murdered the Green Goblin and later retired his Spider-Man identity. He soon after became "the Goblin", a villain similar in costume to the Hobgoblin. This character was later targeted by Verna of the Inheritors (alongside the Hounds Scorpion and Rhino) as a Spider-Totem. The Spider-Woman of Earth-65 attempted to recruit him into a growing army of Spiders to protect him from the Inheritors, but he initially turned the offer down. When Spider-Woman revealed herself to be an alternate version of Gwen, he sacrificed himself to save her as atonement for failing to do so in his own dimension.[33]

The Earth-001 version of Hobgoblin appeared as a member of Verna's Hounds alongside the multiple Green Goblins. Hobgoblin and the other goblin-themed Hounds attacked Silk, Spider-Woman of Earth-65, and Black Widow of Earth-1610.[34] He is killed by Superior Spider-Man, Assassin Spider-Man, and Spider-Punk.[34]

Spider-Gwen

In the alternate continuity of Spider-Gwen, the Green Goblin uses an army of Hobgoblin-based androids to assist him during his assault against Spider-Woman.[35]

Spider-Geddon

In the Spider-Geddon event on Earth-11580, a version of Hobgoblin is seen alongside Green Goblin, Jack O'Lantern and Demogoblin during the Goblin Night. Under the orders of the Goblin Queen, they try to kill Gwen Stacy, but Spiders-Man arrives and defeats the Goblins.[36]

Newspaper strip

In "The Amazing Spider-Man" newspaper strip by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber, Harry Osborn as the Hobgoblin has repeatedly attacked Spider-Man, seeking vengeance for his father's death. After trying to kill both Spider-Man and Black Widow after, under hypnotic influence of psychiatrist "Dr. Stone" (actually spy-assassin Dimitri Gregorin who has killed friends of the Black Widow in the past), Harry, seeing Spider-Man's heroism, realizes that Spider-Man is a hero, his father was a murderer, and vows to never assume the Hobgoblin identity again.

In other media

See also: Roderick Kingsley § In other media, Jason Macendale § In other media, and Ned Leeds § In other media

Television

File:AnimatedHobgoblin.png
The Hobgoblin as depicted in Spider-Man: The Animated Series
  • An amalgamated incarnation of the Hobgoblin named Jason Phillips (full name Jason Phillip Macendale) appears in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, voiced by Mark Hamill.[37] This version is based on the Ned Leeds, Roderick Kingsley, and Jason Macendale incarnations of the character.[citation needed][Note 1] Debuting in his self-titled, two-part episode, the Hobgoblin is provided with an arsenal of weapons by Norman Osborn to assassinate Wilson Fisk. He instead manipulates and betrays both Osborn and Fisk to take the latter's place as New York City's "Kingpin of Crime", but his plan is foiled by Spider-Man. In "The Mutant Agenda" and "Mutants' Revenge", the Hobgoblin learns of Dr. Herbert Landon's plan to exterminate mutants and uses this information to extort money from him. He comes into conflict with Spider-Man and the X-Men and escapes after turning Landon into a mutant for attempting to double-cross him. In "Rocket Racer", Phillips begins dating Felicia Hardy. In "The Spot" and "Goblin War!", Phillips becomes engaged to Hardy and, as the Hobgoblin, forms an uneasy alliance with the Kingpin and clashes with both Spider-Man and the Green Goblin over a time dilation accelerator. He is arrested soon after Felicia discovers his true identity. In the two-part series finale "I Really, Really Hate Clones", an alternate reality version of the Hobgoblin appears as an enemy of the Scarlet Spider.
  • The Hobgoblin was set to appear in The Spectacular Spider-Man before the series was cancelled. Despite this, an African-American depiction of Roderick Kingsley appears in the episode "Accomplices".[38]
  • The Harry Osborn incarnation of the Hobgoblin appears in Marvel's Spider-Man, voiced by Max Mittelman.[37] This version possesses Phil Urich's flaming energy sword and sonic scream. Additionally, Norman Osborn briefly dons Hobgoblin gear while trying to kill Spider-Man.[39][40]
  • The Roderick Kingsley incarnation of the Hobgoblin appears in Marvel Super Hero Adventures, voiced by Andrew Francis.[37]

Film

Sam Raimi confirmed in the director's commentary for his 2007 film Spider-Man 3 that the Hobgoblin identity was referred to on set, with a gold and silver Hobgoblin mask set next to Norman Osborn's Green Goblin mask and Harry Osborn's New Goblin mask in their secret lab.[41][42][43]

Video games

Toys and collectibles

  • The Hobgoblin received an action figure in the Secret Wars toy line produced by Mattel.
  • The Hobgoblin was prominently featured in the 1990s Spider-Man: The Animated Series toyline. A total of five figures were produced, including the standard 5" figure with "missile firing" goblin glider, a 10" version of the series 1 figure, a talking Hobgoblin with sound effects from the show, a 7" figure featuring an illuminated projector embedded in the chest, and an action pose figure that included a motorized battle glider.
  • Two incarnations of the Hobgoblin received figures in series 2 and 17 of the Spider-Man Classics line. The former was similar to that of the demonic Jason Macendale incarnation while the latter is similar to that of the original Roderick Kingsley incarnation.
  • The Jason Macendale incarnation was reused twice. The first time, it was repainted and given a newly sculpted Green Goblin head for the Spider-Man vs. The Sinister Six box set in the Marvel Legends toy line. The second time, it was repainted and renamed Demogoblin in the Spider-Man: Origins toy line produced by Hasbro.
  • A Hobgoblin Minimate was released in late 2007 exclusively at select f.y.e., Suncoast, and Sam Goody stores in a 2-pack including a Scarlet Spider figure.[49]
  • Bowen Designs released a Hobgoblin bust in 2005 of the Roderick Kingsley incarnation.
  • In 2009, Hasbro released a 33⁄4 inch Hobgoblin bust for their Marvel Universe toyline, with the packaging information signifying the character as the Roderick Kingsley incarnation.
  • The Phil Urich incarnation of the Hobgoblin was added to the superhero tabletop game Heroclix in 2013.[50]
  • In 2015, Hasbro made Hobgoblin the Build-a-Figure for the Marvel Legends Infinite Series Spider-Man line-up.
  • In 2016, the first officially licensed Hobgoblin Lego minifigure was included with the Spider-Man: Ghost Rider Team-up set.

Attractions

The Ned Leeds incarnation of the Hobgoblin appears in the Islands of Adventure ride The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man, voiced by Pat Fraley. This version is a member of Doctor Octopus' Sinister Syndicate.

Notes

  1. ^ The original Hobgoblin's identity had yet to be revealed in the comics when Spider-Man: The Animated Series was produced, so the show's version of the character was instead an amalgamation of Ned Leeds' and Roderick Kingsley's personality and ambitions, with Jason Macendale's mercenary status and Lefty Donovan's criminal background.

References

  1. ^ Rovin, Jeff (1987). The Encyclopedia of Supervillains. New York: Facts on File. p. 157. ISBN 0-8160-1356-X.
  2. ^ Marvel Age #111, April 1992, Marvel Comics
  3. ^ "Top 100 Greatest Comic Book Villains: 57. Hobgoblin". IGN. Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  4. ^ DeFalco, Tom; Sanderson, Peter; Brevoort, Tom; Teitelbaum, Michael; Wallace, Daniel; Darling, Andrew; Forbeck, Matt; Cowsill, Alan; Bray, Adam (2019). The Marvel Encyclopedia. DK Publishing. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4654-7890-0.
  5. ^ DeFalco, Tom (2004). Comics Creators on Spider-Man. Titan Books. ISBN 1-84023-422-9.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Greenberg, Glenn (August 2009). "When Hobby Met Spidey". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (35): 10–23.
  7. ^ a b Fettinger, J.R. "Squandered Legacy: The Rise and Fall of the HobGoblin Part Two: The Goblin in Decline". Spidey Kicks Butt. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  8. ^ a b c d e Stern, Roger (w), Frenz, Ron (p), McLeod, Bob (i). "Secrets" Hobgoblin Lives #3 (March 1997), Marvel Comics
  9. ^ Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives #1 (January 1997)
  10. ^ Amazing Spider-Man #259-261
  11. ^ a b The Amazing Spider-Man #691
  12. ^ a b c d The Amazing Spider-Man #649
  13. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #697 (November 2012)
  14. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #244 (September 1983), Marvel Comics
  15. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #245 (October 1983), Marvel Comics
  16. ^ Spider-Man versus Wolverine (February 1987)
  17. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #289
  18. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Man #260 (August 1998)
  19. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Man #261 (September 1998)
  20. ^ The Superior Spider-Man #18
  21. ^ The Superior Spider-Man #26
  22. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Romita, John Sr. (i). "The Shadow of Evils Past!" The Amazing Spider-Man #238 (March 1983), Marvel Comics
  23. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #651 (January 2011). Marvel Comics.
  24. ^ Avengers/JLA #4 (May 2004)
  25. ^ Marvel Adventures Spider-Man #22 (2005)
  26. ^ Spider-Girl #97 (June 2006)
  27. ^ Spider-Girl #100 (Sept. 2006)
  28. ^ The Amazing Spider-Girl #18 (May 2008)
  29. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Girl #3 (July 2010)
  30. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Girl #4 (August 2010)
  31. ^ Ultimate Spider-Man #74
  32. ^ Ultimate Spider-Man #115-117
  33. ^ Spider-Verse Team-Up #2
  34. ^ a b The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 3 #13
  35. ^ Spider-Gwen vol. 2 #4 (Jan. 2016)
  36. ^ Vault of Spiders #2. Marvel Comics.
  37. ^ a b c "Hobgoblin Voice - Spider-Man franchise". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  38. ^ Goldman, Eric (2010-07-07). "The Spectacular Spider-Man's Past and Future". IGN. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  39. ^ "The Hobgoblin Pt. 1". Spider-Man. Season 1. Episode 24. February 18, 2018. Disney XD.
  40. ^ "The Hobgoblin Pt. 2". Spider-Man. Season 1. Episode 25. February 18, 2018. Disney XD.
  41. ^ "Spider-Man 3's Hobgoblin Mask Easter Egg & Future Setup Explained". Screen Rant. 15 October 2021.
  42. ^ "20 Easter Eggs in Spider-Man Films You Didn't Notice". 28 May 2014.
  43. ^ "Spider-Man 3: The Mask of the Hobgoblin and a Potential Future Installment Explained". 17 October 2021.
  44. ^ "Let's Play: Spider-Man: Web of Shadows S03 P02 - Here, Kitty Kitty Kitty!". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  45. ^ Raub, Matt (2009-09-15). "'Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2′ Alternate Costumes Revealed!". The Flickcast. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  46. ^ Miller, Greg (2010-06-07). "E3 2010: Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions Preview". IGN. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  47. ^ George, Richard; Schedeen, Jesse (2010-08-23). "The Deadly Villains of Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions". IGN. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  48. ^ "Characters". IGN Database. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  49. ^ "Hobgoblin/Scarlet Spider Minimates exclusive review". OAFE. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  50. ^ 041b-Hobgoblin.jpg[bare URL image file]

External links


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