Flatow (district)

Kreis Flatow (1818 to 1920)

Province of West Prussia

  Regierungsbezirk Danzig

  Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder

Province of Posen-West Prussia (1938)

The Flatow district was a district that existed in Prussia from 1818 to 1945. It belonged to the province of West Prussia until 1920. After World War I, the eastern portion of the district was ceded to Poland. The western portion of the district remained in Germany and became part of the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia until 1938. The district then became part of the Province of Pomerania from 1938 to 1945. Today the territory of the Flatow district lies in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland.

History

The area of the Flatow district originally belonged to the Netze District, which was annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772.  In 1815, the area around Flatow became part of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the province of West Prussia. The Flatow district was founded on April 1, 1818. It consisted of the five towns Flatow, Kamin, Krojanke, Vandsburg and Zempelburg. The capital of the district was the town of Flatow. From 1829 to 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia, which belonged to the German Empire from 1871.

After World War I, when the Treaty of Versailles came into force on January 10, 1920, the eastern part of the Flatow district with the towns of Vandsburg, Zempelburg and Kamin was ceded to Poland without a referendum for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor. 30,516 people lived there, of whom 8,600 were Poles.

On July 1, 1922, the new Prussian province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was formed, which included the Flatow district. In the same year, the Flatow district was enlarged with the inclusion of the rural community of Schönfeld, which was earlier part of the Kolmar district. On October 1, 1938, the Flatow district was incorporated into the Province of Pomerania after the Posen-West Prussia province was dissolved.

Flatow district in the Province of Pomerania (1939)

In the spring of 1945, the Flatow district was occupied by the Red Army. After the end of World War II, the district became part of Poland under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement.

Demographics

The district had a German majority population, with a significant Polish minority. After 1920, with the loss of the eastern part of the district, the remainder of the district in Germany had a Polish minority of 16.8% (including bilinguals) according to the census of 1925.

Population of the Flatow district

	1834		1852		1910
German	25,792	70.2%	38,139	72.3%	50,648	73.2%
Polish / Bilingual / Other	10,954	29.8%	14,622	27.7%	18,538	26.8%
Total	36,746		52,761		69,186

Elections

In the German Empire, the Flatow district together with the Schlochau district formed the Marienwerder 7 Reichstag constituency. This constituency was usually won by conservative candidates:

• 1871: Botho Heinrich zu Eulenburg, German Conservative Party
• 1874: Botho Heinrich zu Eulenburg, German Conservative Party
• 1877: Botho Heinrich zu Eulenburg, German Conservative Party
• 1878: Adalbert von Flottwell, German Conservative Party
• 1881: Viktor von Tepper-Laski, Free Conservative Party
• 1884: Wilhelm Scheffer, German Conservative Party
• 1887: Wilhelm Scheffer, German Conservative Party
• 1890: Wilhelm Scheffer, German Conservative Party
• 1893: Georg von Kanitz, German Conservative Party
• 1898: Robert Hilgendorff, German Conservative Party
• 1903: Otto Böckler, German Reform Party
• 1907: Fritz Wilckens, German Conservative Party
• 1912: Wilhelm von Knigge, German Conservative Party

Municipalities

Municipalities ceded to Poland in 1920

The eastern part of the district, which was ceded to Poland in 1920 included the following towns and communities:

Damerau Eichfelde Groß Loßburg Groß Lutau Groß Wisniewke Groß Wöllwitz Groß Zirkwitz Grünlinde Hohenfelde Illowo Jasdrowo Jastrzembke Kamin in Westpreußen, town

Klein Lutau Klein Wisniewke Klein Wöllwitz Klein Zirkwitz Klotzbuden Komierowo Lilienhecke Lindebuden Lubcza Neu Waldau Nichors Obendorf Obkaß

Pempersin Petznick Plötzig Radonsk Rogalin Salesch Schmilowo Schönhorst Schönwalde Sechau Seemark Sittnow Soßnow

Suchoronczek Sypniewo Vandsburg, town Waldau Waldowke Wilkowo Wittkau Wittun Wordel Zempelburg, town Zempelkowo

Municipalities in 1945

At the end of its existence in 1945, the district comprised two towns and 66 other municipalities

Adlig Landeck Aspenau Augustendorf Battrow Blankwitt Böck Buschdorf Conradsfelde Deutsch Fier Dobrin Espenhagen Flatow, town Friedrichsbruch Glumen Gresonse Groß Butzig Groß Friedrichsberg

Grunau Gursen Hammer Hohenfier Kappe Karlsdorf Kietz Kirschdorf Klein Butzig Klein Friedrichsberg Kleschin Kölpin Königsdorf Krojanke, town Krummenfließ Kujan Lanken

Lessendorf Linde Lugetal Mittel Friedrichsberg Neu Battrow Neu Butzig Neu Grunau Neuhof Petzin Posenberg Pottlitz Preußenfeld Proch Radawnitz Ruden Sakollnow Schmirdau

Schmirtenau Schwente Schönfeld Seedorf (Grenzmark) Seefelde Steinau Steinmark Stewnitz Straßfurt Tarnowke Treuenheide Wengerz Wilhelmsbruch Wilhelmssee Wittenburg Wonzow Ziskau

Place names

In the course of the 20th century, many place names in the district which were considered "not German" enough were given a phonetic alignment or translation:

• Augustowo → Augustendorf, 1914
• Cziskowo → Ziskau, 1912
• Dollnik → Wittenburg, 1926
• Glubschin → Steinau, 1926
• Hüttenbusch → Wilhelmsbruch, 1928
• Klukowo → Blankenfelde, 1928
• Leßnick → Lessendorf, 1926
• Obodowo → Obendorf, 1908
• Ossowke → Espenhagen, 1926
• Ossowo → Aspenau, 1926
• Paruschke → Treuenheide, 1926
• Petzewo → Deutsch Fier, 1926
• Podrusen → Preußenfeld, 1927
• Polnisch Wisniewke → Lugetal, 1913
• Skietz → Kietz, 1926
• Slawianowo → Steinmark, 1939
• Smirdowo bei Flatow → Schmirdau, 1909
• Smirdowo bei Krojanke → Schmirtenau, 1909
• Wersk → Seedorf, 1926
• Zakrzewke → Seemark, 1907
• Zakrzewo → Buschdorf, 1935