Karnal

From Justapedia, unleashing the power of collective wisdom
(Redirected from Kurnaul)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Karnal
Metropolitan City
Karnal 2.jpg
Clockwise from top right; K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower.
Karnal is located in Haryana
Karnal
Karnal
Location in Haryana, India
Karnal is located in India
Karnal
Karnal
Karnal (India)
Coordinates: 29°41′10″N 76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E / 29.686; 76.989Coordinates: 29°41′10″N 76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E / 29.686; 76.989
Country India
StateHaryana
DistrictKarnal district
RegionNorth India
Founded byRaja Karna
Named forKarna
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation Karnal
 • MLA, Chief MinisterManohar Lal Khattar
 • Member of ParliamentSanjay Bhatia
 • MayorRenu Bala Gupta
Area
[1]
 • Total87 km2 (34 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total357,334[1][2]
Languages[3][4]
 • OfficialHindi
 • Additional officialEnglish, Punjabi
 • RegionalPunjabi, Haryanvi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
132001
Area code0184
Vehicle registrationHR-05
literacy rate84.60%[2]
Sex ratio996/1000 Female/Male
Websitekarnal.gov.in

Karnal (pronunciation (help·info) is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.[5]

Etymology

The city associates itself with the mythological character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata.[6] A tank in the city also bears the name Karna Tal and a city gate is called Karna gate.[citation needed]

History

Ancient

At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar.[7] The 7th century was a period of eclecticism in religion, Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauj rule under the Pala Emperor of Bengal (770-810 A.D.). The authority of Mihira Bhoja (836-885 A.D.), the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.[8]

Medieval

The Tomaras descending from Raja Jaula established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.[8] About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Anangpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhans of Shakambhari, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chahamana Vigraharaja IV.[9] The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazni. The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarain when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.

In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, and captured India along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire.

Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.[10]

Main article: Battle of Karnal
Daria-i-Noor diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)

In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal in which Nader Shah decisively defeated Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.[11] Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.[11] The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule.

Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.[12] On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.

Modern

During the Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.

Climate

Climate data for Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2) 		33.2
(91.8) 		37.5
(99.5) 		45.2
(113.4) 		46.0
(114.8) 		45.6
(114.1) 		43.9
(111.0) 		42.0
(107.6) 		38.3
(100.9) 		39.3
(102.7) 		34.4
(93.9) 		28.5
(83.3) 		46.0
(114.8)
Average high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		22.4
(72.3) 		27.7
(81.9) 		35.3
(95.5) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.9
(100.2) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.7
(89.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		30.1
(86.2)
Average low °C (°F) 7.1
(44.8) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.3
(73.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.1
(77.2) 		23.2
(73.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		17.4
(63.3)
Record low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		3.5
(38.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.4
(65.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		9.4
(48.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−0.4
(31.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.7
(1.05) 		24.8
(0.98) 		17.8
(0.70) 		8.4
(0.33) 		24.2
(0.95) 		65.7
(2.59) 		171.8
(6.76) 		157.5
(6.20) 		115.9
(4.56) 		3.5
(0.14) 		1.9
(0.07) 		9.0
(0.35) 		627.1
(24.69)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.6 3.9 7.9 7.8 4.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 33.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 64 58 51 31 33 44 67 73 68 54 53 60 55
Source: India Meteorological Department[13][14]

Demographics

The population of the city as of 2011, is 357,334[1][2]

Houses During Diwali in Karnal
Religion in Karnal City
Religion Population
(1911)[15]: 20  		Percentage
(1911) 		Population
(1941)[16]: 30  		Percentage
(1941)
Hinduism Om.svg[a] 12,772 58.16% 20,462 54.65%
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 8,667 39.47% 15,844 42.31%
Sikhism Khanda.svg 130 0.59% 647 1.73%
Christianity Christian cross.svg 210 0.96% 125 0.33%
Others [b] 182 0.83% 366 0.98%
Total Population 21,961 100% 37,444 100%

Politics

The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and Manohar Lal Khattar is the MLA from Karnal constituency.[17]

Sanjay Bhatia is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency.

Facilities

Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019.[18]

Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission.[19]

Places of interest

  • Victoria Memorial Hall built in 19th century AD, is a fine example of Indo-British Architecture constructed on the occasion of Queen Victoria’s visit to Karnal.[20][21]
  • Cantonment Church Tower was constructed in AD 1806 by the British.[citation needed]
  • Karnal Railway station this was constructed in year 1892 A.D. by the British.[citation needed]
  • Karna Lake is a major tourist attraction in the Karnal district of Haryana.[citation needed]
  • Mehmadpur, is a village on the banks of the Yamuna River.[22]
  • Noor Mahal, is a five-star deluxe hotel in Karnal, renowned its palatial architecture.[23][24]
  • Karnal Fort was built in the mid eighteenth century by Raja Ganpat Singh. The fort now houses an important office of the city.[citation needed]
  • Kalendar Shah's Tomb is a Dargah built by Ghiyas-ud-din, the Emperor of Delhi which holds the memory of the Muslim sage Bo-Ali-Qalandar Shah.[citation needed]
  • Babur's Masjid, built-in 1528 by the Mughal emperor Babur to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi, this mosque stands as an architectural marvel that is a must-visit in Karnal.[citation needed]
  • Atal Park Karnal, located in the Sector-8 area of the city is a massive park which spreads over an area of 55 acres. It includes a lake spread over 4 acres as well. It houses open-air gyms, a lily pond, swings, walking routes, a few fountains and a large statue of former Indian Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the eponym of the park.[citation needed]
  • Karan Tal Park is also a prominent park in the city. It has all amenities such as an open air gym, pond, swings and walking routes. The main attraction of this park is the 18-ft statue of Raja Karan in whose honor the park as well as the city is named.[citation needed]

Sports

Education

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ 1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, others, or not stated

References

  1. ^ a b c "Karnal City".
  2. ^ a b c "Karnal (M Cl)". censusindia.gov.in. Government of India. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 85–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  4. ^ IANS (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  5. ^ "History about the city of Karnal". Government of Karnal. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  6. ^ King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.
  7. ^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). "Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.". In R. C. Majumdar (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 34008529.
  8. ^ a b H. A. Phadke (1990). Haryana, Ancient and Medieval. Harman. ISBN 978-81-85151-34-2.
  9. ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.
  10. ^ Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak; Jarrett, Henry Sullivan (translator) (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 286. Retrieved 21 January 2021. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ a b Axworthy, Michael (2009)
  12. ^ D. C. Miglani (1993). Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends. Deep and Deep Publications. ISBN 81-7100-578-0.
  13. ^ "Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 395–396. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M65. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  15. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  16. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins". News18. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  18. ^ "Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank". The Tribune. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  19. ^ "Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities". Tribune. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  20. ^ "State-protected 109-year-old Karnal building awaits restoration". Tribune India. 7 February 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  21. ^ archaeologyharyana. "VICTORIA MEMORIAL HALL, KARNAL" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ "欧美Av亚洲Av国内自拍,诱人的短裙教师在线观看,国产卡一卡二卡三卡四,波多野结中文版在线看".
  23. ^ Pawar, Nivedita Jayaram (1 February 2020). "This hotel in Karnal, Haryana has more antiques than any museum". Architectural Digest India. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  24. ^ "In semi-rural Karnal, Noor Mahal, a palace hotel, brings in a touch of luxury and royal living". CNBCTV18. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  25. ^ "Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University)". Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  26. ^ [1], official website.
  27. ^ Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College
  28. ^ [2], official website.
  29. ^ Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, official website.
  30. ^ "Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project". 28 August 2015.
  31. ^ "Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives".
  32. ^ "Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 26 March 2018.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karnal.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Karnal.
Retrieved from "https://justapedia.org/index.php?title=Karnal&oldid=1119746063"