Icarus filiformis

Icarus filiformis
	Icarus filiformis in Christchurch Botanic Gardens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Aspleniineae
Family:	Blechnaceae
Genus:	Icarus; Gasper & Salino
Species:	I. filiformis
Binomial name
	Icarus filiformis; (A.Cunn.) Gasper & Salino
Synonyms
	Blechnum filiforme (A.Cunn.) Ettingsh. ; (Banks & Sol. ex G.Forst.) Luerss. Hook.f. ; (A.Cunn.) Kuntze Stenochlaena feejeensis; Lomaria propinqua Brack. ; Lomaria filiformis A.Cunn. ; J.Sm. Struthiopteris filiformis; Lomariopsis heteromorpha (A.Cunn.) Ching ; Blechnum reptans A.Cunn. ; (Sm.) T.Moore Osmunda reptans; Lomaria pimpinellifolia Banks & Sol.ex G.Forst. ; Stenochlaena heteromorpha Spicanta filiformis;

Icarus is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Icarus filiformis, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).^[1] The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae,^[3] but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined Blechnum, equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily.^[4]

Icarus filiformis, synonym Blechnum filiforme,^[2] is known as thread fern or pānoko in Māori. It is endemic to New Zealand. It has a creeping and climbing habit. It has three different types of fronds: long climbing fronds with long pointed leaves, shorter creeping fronds with nearly round leaves, and fertile fronds with threadlike leaves that give the species its common name.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610
^ ^a ^b Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). "Icarus filiformis". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.11. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
^ Gasper, André Luís De; Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira; Smith, Alan Reid & Salino, Alexandre (2016-09-21), "A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations", Phytotaxa, 275 (3): 191–227, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1, ISSN 1179-3163, retrieved 2019-12-22
^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Trends and concepts in fern classification", Annals of Botany, 113 (9): 571–594, doi:10.1093/aob/mct299, PMC 3936591, PMID 24532607
^ Crowe, A. (1994), Which Native Fern?, Auckland: Viking, p. 26, ISBN 0-670-85549-9

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[PPGI-1] PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610

[CFLW-2] Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). "Icarus filiformis". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.11. Retrieved 2019-12-24.

[GaspDittSmitSali16-3] Gasper, André Luís De; Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira; Smith, Alan Reid & Salino, Alexandre (2016-09-21), "A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations", Phytotaxa, 275 (3): 191–227, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1, ISSN 1179-3163, retrieved 2019-12-22

[ChriChas14-4] Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Trends and concepts in fern classification", Annals of Botany, 113 (9): 571–594, doi:10.1093/aob/mct299, PMC 3936591, PMID 24532607

[Crowe-5] Crowe, A. (1994), Which Native Fern?, Auckland: Viking, p. 26, ISBN 0-670-85549-9

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Icarus filiformis

References

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