Green500
The Green500 is a biannual ranking of supercomputers, from the TOP500 list of supercomputers, in terms of energy efficiency.[1][2] The list measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precision floating-point format.
In 2022, Hewlett Packard Enterprise took the lead, with AMD-based systems (AMD CPUs and AMD GPUs) in the 4 top positions, with the top position over 50% more efficient than the previous year (Japanese) top position. And number two on the list (the current fastest on TOP500) is also over 50% more efficient than the currently most efficient (and much smaller) Nvidia-based system. No large Nvidia-based system make the top 10 positions of Graph500 (smaller ones in 7th to 10th, nor any longer any (small or large) ARM-based (Fugaku was at the top of the list in June 2021).
History
As of November 2012[update], an Appro International, Inc. Xtreme-X supercomputer (Beacon) topped the Green500 list with 2.499 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[3] Beacon is deployed by NICS of the University of Tennessee and is a GreenBlade GB824M, Xeon E5-2670 based, eight cores (8C), 2.6 GHz, Infiniband FDR, Intel Xeon Phi 5110P computer.[4]
As of June 2013[update], the Eurotech supercomputer Eurora at Cineca topped the Green500 list with 3.208 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[5] The Cineca Eurora supercomputer is equipped with two Intel Xeon E5-2687W CPUs and two PCI-e connected NVIDIA Tesla K20 accelerators per node. Water cooling and electronics design allows for very high densities to be reached with a peak performance of 350 TFLOPS per rack.[6]
As of November 2014[update], the L-CSC supercomputer of the Helmholtz Association at the GSI in Darmstadt Germany topped the Green500 list with 5.271 GFLOPS/W and was the first cluster to surpass an efficiency of 5 GFLOPS/W. It runs on Intel Xeon E5-2690 Processors with the Intel Ivy Bridge Architecture and AMD FirePro S9150 GPU Accelerators. It uses in rack watercooling and Cooling Towers to reduce the energy required for cooling.[7]
As of August 2015[update], the Shoubu supercomputer of RIKEN outside Tokyo Japan topped the Green500 list with 7.032 GFLOPS/W. The then-top three supercomputers of the list used PEZY-SC accelerators (GPU-like that use OpenCL)[8] by PEZY Computing with 1024 cores each and 6–7 GFLOPS/W efficiency.[9][10]
As of June 2019[update], DGX SaturnV Volta, using "NVIDIA DGX-1 Volta36, Xeon E5-2698v4 20C 2.2GHz, Infiniband EDR, NVIDIA Tesla V100", tops Green500 list with 15.113 GFLOPS/W, while ranked only 469th on Top500.[11] It's only a little bit more efficient than the much bigger Summit ranked 2nd while 1st on Top500 with 14.719 GFLOPS/W, using IBM POWER9 CPUs while also with Nvidia Tesla V100 GPUs.
Green 500 List
| Rank | Performance per watt (GFLOPS/watt) |
Name | Model Processors, GPU, Interconnect |
Vendor | Site Country, year |
Rmax (PFLOPS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 62.684 | Frontier TDS | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | OE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, 2022
|
19.20 |
| 2 | 52.227 | Frontier | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | OE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, 2022
|
1,102.00 |
| 3 | 51.629 | LUMI | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | EuroHPC/CSC, Finland, 2022
|
151.90 |
| 4 | 50.028 | Adastra | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif - Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (GENCI-CINES), France, 2022
|
46.10 |
| 5 | 40.901 | MN-3 | MN-Core Server Xeon Platinum 8260M 24C 2.4GHz, Preferred Networks MN-Core, MN-Core DirectConnect |
Preferred Networks | Preferred Networks, Japan, 2021
|
2.18 |
| 6 | 33.983 | SSC-21 Scalable Module | Apollo 6500 Gen10 plus, AMD EPYC 7543 32C 2.8GHz, NVIDIA A100 80GB, Infiniband HDR200 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | Samsung Electronics, South Korea, 2021
|
2.27 |
| 7 | 31.538 | Tethys | NVIDIA DGX A100 Liquid Cooled Prototype, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100 80GB, Infiniband HDR |
Nvidia | Nvidia Corporation, United States, 2021
|
2.25 |
| 8 | 30.797 | Wilkes-3 | PowerEdge XE8545 AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz, NVIDIA A100 80GB, InfiniBand HDR200 dual-rail |
Dell | University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2021
|
2.29 |
| 9 | 29.926 | Athena | FormatServer THOR ERG21 AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, SXM4 40GB , Infiniband HDR |
Nvidia | Cyfronet, Poland, 2021
|
5.05 |
| 10 | 29.924 | Phoenix-2022 | ThinkSystem SR670 V2 Xeon Platinum 8360Y 36C 2.4 GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB, Infiniband HDR |
Lenovo | University of Adelaide Australia, 2021
|
2.07 |
Historical development
energy efficiency of top-ranked computers (gigaflops/watt)
References
- ^ "The Green500". Archived from the original on 2016-06-20.
- ^ "Green 500 list ranks supercomputers". iTnews Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-10-22.
- ^ "University of Tennessee Supercomputer Sets World Record for Energy Efficiency". National Institute for Computational Sciences News. University of Tennessee & Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Beacon - Appro GreenBlade - Green500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Eurotech Eurora, the PRACE prototype deployed by Cineca and INFN, scores first in Green500 list". Cineca. Cineca. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "Eurora - Aurora Tigon - Top500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "The Green500 List - November 2014". Archived from the original on 2015-02-22.
- ^ Hindriksen, Vincent (2015-08-02). "The knowns and unknowns of the PEZY-SC accelerator at RIKEN". StreamHPC. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
- ^ Tiffany, Tiffany (August 4, 2015). "Japan Takes Top Three Spots on Green500 List". HPCWire. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ "PEZY & ExaScaler Step Up on the Green500 List with Immersive Cooling". InsideHPC. September 23, 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ "June 2019 | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ^ "JUNE 2022". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
- Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments
- Pages using the Graph extension
- Articles with short description
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2012
- All articles containing potentially dated statements
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2013
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2014
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2015
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2019
- Supercomputer benchmarks