Guede
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Guede | |
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Death and Fertility | |
Color | Black, purple |
Festivals | 2 November |
The Guede (Haitian Creole: Gede) also spelled Guédé or Ghede, are the family of loa that embody the powers of death and fertility. Guede spirits include Guede-Double, Guede-Linto, Guede L'Orage, Guede Nibo and Guede Ti Malice. All are known for the drum rhythm and dance called the "banda". In possession, they will drink or rub themselves with a mixture of clairin (raw rum) and twenty-one scotch bonnet or goat peppers. Fête Guede or Fête Ghede (Haitian Creole: Fèt Gede) is celebrated on 2 November, All Souls' Day ("Festival of the Dead"). Boons granted by the Guede not repaid by this date will be avenged afterwards.
- Papa Guede is the corpse of the first man who ever died. He is recognized as a short, dark man with a high hat on his head who likes to smoke cheap cigars and eat apples. Papa Guede is a psychopomp who waits at the crossroads to take souls into the afterlife. He is considered the good counterpart to Baron Samedi. If a child is dying, Papa Guede is prayed to. It is believed that he will not take a life before its time and that he will protect the little ones. Papa Guede has a very crass sense of humor, a divine ability to read others' minds, and the ability to know everything that happens in the worlds of the living and the dead.
- Brave Guede is the guardian and watchman of the graveyard. He keeps the dead souls in and the living souls out. He is sometimes considered an aspect of Nibo.
- Guede Bábáco is Papa Guede's lesser known brother and is also a psychopomp. His role is somewhat similar to that of Papa Guede, but he doesn't have the special abilities of his brother.
- Guede Nibo is a psychopomp, an intermediary between the living and the dead. He was the first person to die by violence, so he is the patron of those who died by unnatural causes (disaster, accident, misadventure, or violence). He is the guardian of the graves of those who died prematurely, particularly those whose final resting place is unknown. His chevals ("horses", possessed devotees) can give voice to the dead spirits whose bodies have not been found or that have not been reclaimed from "below the waters".
- Baron Criminel ("Baron of Criminals") is the enforcer of the Guede. He was the first person to kill another (probably Nibo). As the first murderer, he is master of those who murder or use violence to harm others. Families of murder victims and the abused pray to him to get revenge on those who wronged them. His "horses" have an insatiable appetite and will attack people until they are offered food. If it doesn't please them or takes too long, they will bite and chew on anyone nearby (or even themselves) until they are sated. He is syncretized with St. Martin de Porres, perhaps because his feast day is November 3, the day after Fête Guede. He is sacrificed black roosters that have been bound, doused with strong spirit, and then set alight.
- Maman Brigitte ("Mother Bridget") is the wife of Baron Samedi. She is syncretized with St. Brigid, perhaps because she is the protector of crosses and gravestones.
Marassa: The divine twins
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The Guede loa have their own versions of the Twins, which appear as gravediggers. Twins are seen as having divine insight and vision. They also are part in the material world and the spiritual world (in their case, the living and the dead). They usually wear contrasting colors.
Guede Masaka assists Guede Nibo. He is an androgynous male gravedigger and spirit of the dead, recognized by his black shirt, white jacket, and white headscarf.[1]
Guede Oussou wears a black or mauve jacket marked on the back with a white cross and a black or mauve headscarf. His name means "tipsy" due to his love of white rum. Guede Oussou is sometimes also linked with the female Guede L'Oraille.[1]
The Guede Barons
The Guede are closely associated with the loa, Baron, whose aspects are Baron Samedi (Baron Saturday) - ruler of the graveyard, Baron La Croix (Baron The Cross) - guardian of the gravestone, and Baron Cimetière (Baron Cemetery) - guardian of the grave. Depending on the tradition followed, Baron is:
- one of the Guede
- their spiritual protector, who has raised them from the dead with the help of Baron Samedi's wife, Maman Brigitte.
- An aspect of the Guede gods.
In any of these configurations, Baron, Maman Brigitte, and the Guede rule death, the cemetery, and the grave.
References
- ^ a b Conner, Randy; Sparks, David Hatfield; Sparks, Mariya (1997). Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit. Cassell. p. 157. ISBN 9780304337606.
Sources
- Voodoo: Search for the Spirit, "Abrams Discoveries" series. Laënnec Hurbon. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995.
- A Dictionary of World Mythology. Arthur Cotterell. Oxford University Press, 1997.
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