File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Olieverfschilderij voorstellende het Kasteel Batavia gezien van Kali Besar west met op de voorgrond de vismarkt TMnr 118-167.jpg
COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Olieverfschilderij_voorstellende_het_Kasteel_Batavia_gezien_van_Kali_Besar_west_met_op_de_voorgrond_de_vismarkt_TMnr_118-167.jpg (699 × 475 pixels, file size: 64 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
Andries Beeckman: Batavia Castle seen from West Kali Besar with fish market on the foreground.
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Artist |
artist QS:P170,Q3016049,P5102,Q230768 |
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Title | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Object type |
painting object_type QS:P31,Q3305213 |
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Genre |
landscape painting ![]() |
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Description |
English: A second unsigned version of the same image, is in the collection of the Tropenmuseum. Both paintings can be dated around 1660/1661.
The Tropenmuseum painted version of View of Batavia, or rather to a part of the town centre as it looked at the outset of the long term of office of Governor-General Joan Maetsuycker. Imagining ourselves to be at a vantage-point on the west side (at left) of the Kali Besar (big river), we look out over the fish market and the majestic castle behind it, the VOC's Asian stronghold and the centre from which the Governor and his servants controlled their extensive area of commerce. So as to reinforce the panoramic effect the painter pictures the river from an oblique angle and uses the row of Chinese houses bordering the market at the left to set off the scene. Together with the lofty coconut trees, they stretch the work's diagonal composition and three-dimensionality. We can perceive, between the double line of trees in the distance and across a narrow canal flowing into the river, the smithy at left with its high smoking chimney. Now proceed to the right side along the horizontal line of the castle in the splendid late afternoon light, and the first thing you see is a vista of the background sea, and the second is a big white building, a warehouse. In front of this is the building of the Council of Justice with its indispensable penitentiary, gallows and whipping post. To the centre, on the same side (the east side) of the river, one sees the shipwrights busily working in the sheds. We see European men in black costume with white jabots (you will search in vain for European women since their slaves go to the market for them), Eurasian in typically colourful garments, Chinese (they made up the majority of the Batavian population), one Japanese (the man in the flowing blue dress and the black hat on the right), inhabitants of various parts of the Archipelago, the Southeast Asian mainland and Arabia. A heterogeneous group of people of various ranks and standing, most of which appear to be occupied with matters other than the purchase of fish. Fruits and vegetables are for sale here as well. In the far left-hand portion of the painting, two Ambonese men perform their traditional battle dance, the cakalele, while others enjoy themselves playing a form of soccer (sepak raga). Behind the players are several spectators, for instance a member of a chaingang (with white headdress and loincloth), led by an overseer. Meanwhile, fish is being purchased here and there. The Chinese behind his stall tries to sell shark's flesh to a soldier, while a young boy brings in a basket of fish that has just arrived on a little boat. On the foreground we also see a married couple, walking in the shade of a parasol, held up by their servant. The man wears a fine European costume, while his wife, a mestiza, is clad in baju and sarong. Over her left shoulder we see a toka, worn by all mestiza ladies. The man sitting on the little overturned boat at bottom right, inscribed 'De Markt van Batavia' (i.e. Batavia Market); has withdrawn from the hustle and bustle, preferring to be a quiet observer, is maybe the painter himself. Now let us see what is happening across the river. We can only guess what is taking place behind those thick castle walls. But Beeckman clearly shows that the lives of the Governor and his staff were not confined to stuffy council chambers, offices and houses. We see, past the castle bridge, a long line of horsemen and the carriage of the Governor-General riding slowly in the direction of the town hall (which is outside the picture). A mounted trumpeter leads the cavalcade. A camel which in reality would not have been allowed to roam about outside the menagerie in this way provides an exotic element. So do two elephants, standing beside the road. This painting showed the directors of the VOC, most of whom had never visited Asia, a view of their headquarters oversee.Nederlands: Op de achtergrond het kasteel Batavia, het Aziatisch bolwerk van de VOC en het centrum van waaruit de landvoogd en zijn dienaren hun macht uitoefenden over het grote handelsgebied. Het grote witte gebouw is een pakhuis met daarvoor het gebouw van de Raad van Justitie met de strafplaats. Op de markt zijn de verschillende bevolkingstypen afgebeeld die men in die tijd in Batavia aantrof; Europeanen, Chinezen, Euraziaten, een Japanner en inwoners van verschillende delen van de archipel.
De weergave is topografisch niet geheel correct; de Kali Besar is bijvoorbeeld te smal en te laag, terwijl Beeckman de al bestaande bebouwing aan de tegenovergelegen, oostelijke kant van de Kali Besar welbewust heeft weggelaten omwille van een vrije blik op het kasteel. Geheel rechts is nog wel net een deel van de Oostzijdse Pakhuizen te herkennen, de rijstpakhuizen van de Compagnie tegen de oostelijke stadswal.
Bahasa Indonesia: Di latar belakang Kastel Batavia, benteng pertahanan VOC di Asia dan pusat di mana gubernur dan para pembantunya menjalankan kekuasaan mereka atas wilayah perdagangan yang luas. Bangunan besar berwarna putih adalah sebuah gudang dengan gedung Dewan Kehakiman dan penjara di depannya. Pasar ini menggambarkan berbagai jenis populasi yang ada di Batavia pada saat itu; orang Eropa, Tionghoa, Eurasia, Jepang, dan penduduk dari berbagai wilayah nusantara.
Penggambaran ini tidak sepenuhnya tepat secara topografi; Kali Besar, misalnya, terlalu sempit dan terlalu rendah, sementara Beeckman dengan sengaja menghilangkan bangunan-bangunan yang sudah ada sebelumnya di seberang Kali Besar, di sisi timur, demi mendapatkan pemandangan yang jelas dari kastil. Di ujung kanan, bagian dari Oostzijdse Pakhuizen, gudang beras milik Kompeni yang terletak di tembok kota sebelah timur, dapat dikenali dengan mudah. |
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Date |
circa 1656 date QS:P571,+1656-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902 |
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Medium |
oil on canvas medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q12321255,P518,Q861259 |
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Dimensions |
height: 146 cm (57.4 in); width: 211 cm (83 in) dimensions QS:P2048,146U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,211U174728 |
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Collection |
institution QS:P195,Q1131589 |
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Accession number |
118-167 |
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Object history |
Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam
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Inscriptions |
Monogram top right: J.F.F.
bottom right: De Marckt van Batavia
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References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source/Photographer | collectie.tropenmuseum.nl : Home : Collectie Stichting Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other versions |
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Licensing
This file was provided to Wikimedia Commons by the National Museum of World Cultures as part of a cooperation project. The museum brings together the collections of the Tropenmuseum, Afrika Museum and the Museum of Ethnology. It exclusively provides images that are either made by its own staff, or that are otherwise free of copyright.
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Metadata
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Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
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ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:47, 26 August 2009 |
Lens focal length | 42 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS3 Windows |
File change date and time | 14:20, 27 August 2009 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:47, 26 August 2009 |
Shutter speed | 6.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6.918863 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 76 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 76 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 42 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
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Subject distance range | Unknown |