Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima | |
---|---|
In Trincomalee, Sri Lanka | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Rutaceae |
Subfamily: | Aurantioideae |
Genus: | Limonia L. |
Species: | L. acidissima
|
Binomial name | |
Limonia acidissima L.
| |
Synonyms | |
Genus:[1]
Species:[2]
|
Limonia acidissima is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple.[3]
Description
Limonia acidissima is a large tree growing to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, with rough, spiny bark. The leaves are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets, each leaflet 25–35 mm long and 10–20 mm broad, with a citrus-scent when crushed. The flowers are white and have five petals. The fruit is a berry 5–9 cm diameter, and may be sweet or sour. It has a very hard rind which can be difficult to crack open, it appears greenish-brown in colour from outside and contains sticky brown pulp and small white seeds. The fruit looks similar in appearance to the Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos). It contains considerable amount of protein, carbohydrate, iron, fat, calcium, Vit-B & C etc. 100 g of ripe fruit pulp contains up to 49 KCal.
Taxonomy
A number of other species formerly included in the genus are now treated in the related genera Atalantia, Citropsis, Citrus, Glycosmis, Luvunga, Murraya, Micromelum, Naringi, Pamburus, Pleiospermium, Severinia, Skimmia, Swinglea, and Triphasia.[4]
Distribution
Limonia acidissima is native to India (including the Andaman Islands), Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.[5][6] The species has also been introduced to Indochina and Malesia.[6][5]
Uses
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2019) |
The fruit is used to make a fruit juice with astringent properties and jams. Ripe fruit can be used as pickle (mashed with green chili pepper, sugar and salt only).[7] Another species of this fruits are considered auspicious to be offered to Shiva and Ganesha in pujas. A majority of Hindu temples will have a sacred tree within its compound and is known as the Sthala Vriksha.
In Myanmar, the wood is used to make the distinctive local face cream thanaka.[8]
Nutrition
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 518.816 kJ (124.000 kcal) |
18.1 g | |
Sugars | 0 g |
Dietary fiber | 5 g |
3.7 g | |
7.1 g | |
Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
Thiamine (B1) | 3% 0.04 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) | 1417% 17 mg |
Niacin (B3) | 53% 8 mg |
Vitamin C | 4% 3 mg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 13% 130 mg |
Iron | 46% 6 mg |
Manganese | 857% 18 mg |
Zinc | 105% 10 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 64.2 g |
in Fruit Wood Apple
values are for edible portion | |
| |
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: 1 |
References
- ^ "Limonia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ "Limonia acidissima L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ "Limonia acidissima". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2016-04-03.
- ^ John H. Wiersema (2005-02-22). "Species in GRIN for genus". Ars-grin.gov. Archived from the original on 2000-11-02. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
- ^ a b "Limonia acidissima L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ^ a b Smith, Albert C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis nova : a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). Vol. 3. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. pp. 526–527. Retrieved 2018-03-25 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library, digitized by Smithsonian Libraries.
- ^ Jaya Surya Kumari Manthena and K. Mythili (2004). "Development of wood apple pickle". Int. J. Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
- ^ Köllner, Helmut; Bruns, Axel (1998). Myanmar (Burma). Hunter Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 9783886184156. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
External links
Media related to Limonia acidissima at Wikimedia Commons
- Purdue-hort_edu: The Wood Apple
- Pandanus Database - LimoniaError: "Q935616" is not a valid Wikidata entity ID.
Error: "Q15943539" is not a valid Wikidata entity ID.
- Articles with short description
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Articles needing additional references from June 2019
- All articles needing additional references
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata
- Taxonbar pages requiring a Wikidata item
- Taxonbars with invalid from parameters
- Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items
- Taxonbars without secondary Wikidata taxon IDs
- Aurantioideae
- Fruits originating in Asia
- Citrus
- Flora of India (region)
- Flora of the Andaman Islands
- Trees of Sri Lanka
- Plants used in Ayurveda
- Fruit trees
- Trees in Buddhism