Centralite

Centralite

Names
Preferred IUPAC name N,N′-Diethyl-N,N′-Diphenylurea
Other names Ethyl centralite N,N′-Diethylcarbanilide
Identifiers
CAS Number	85-98-3 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	6567 N
PubChem CID	6828
UNII	4169Z9SDJG Y
InChI InChI=1S/C17H20N2O/c1-3-18(15-11-7-5-8-12-15)17(20)19(4-2)16-13-9-6-10-14-16/h5-14H,3-4H2,1-2H3 N Key: PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N InChI=1/C17H20N2O/c1-3-18(15-11-7-5-8-12-15)17(20)19(4-2)16-13-9-6-10-14-16/h5-14H,3-4H2,1-2H3 Key: PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYAC
SMILES O=C(N(c1ccccc1)CC)N(c2ccccc2)CC
Properties
Chemical formula	C17H20N2O
Molar mass	268.360 g·mol−1
Appearance	White to light grey crystalline powder
Density	0.8 g/cm3
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility in Acetone, ethanol and benzene	Soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-134.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Centralite (empirical formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₂O) is a gunshot residue also known as ethyl centralite. Its IUPAC name is 1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea. Ethyl centralite is insoluble in water, but is soluble in acetone, ethanol and benzene. It is mainly used as a burning rate moderator and stabilizer for smokeless powder, and also a plasticizer for celluloid.

Naming

Synonyms

Bis(N-ethyl-N-phenyl)urea; Carbamite; Centralit; Centralite; Centralite1; Centralite 1; Centralite-1; Centralite I; N,N′-Diethylcarbanilide; Diethyldiphenylharnstoff; N,N′-Diethyl-N′-diphenyl-L-harnstoff; 1,3-Diethyl-1,3-diphenylharnstoff; Diethyldiphenylurea; 1,3-Diethyldiphenylurea; 1,3-Diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea; s-Diethyldiphenylurea; sym-Diethyldiphenylurea; N,N′-Diphenyl-N,N′-diethylharnstoff; N,N′-Diphenyl-N,N′-diethylurea; Ethylcentralit; Ethylcentralite; Ethyl centralite; USAF EK-1047; Zentralit.

The term "Centralite" was originally applied to dimethyldiphenylurea developed about 1906 at the German Central War Laboratory Zentralstelle für wissenschaftlich-technische Untersuchungen in Neubabelsberg as a deterrent coating for smokeless powder in military rifle cartridges. Thereafter, all hydrocarbon-substituted symmetrical diphenyl urea compounds used as smokeless powder deterrents (or moderants) were called centralites after the laboratory. The preferred ethyl centralite became known as Centralite No. 1 and the original methyl centralite was identified as Centralite No. 2. Butyl centralite was also used as a celluloid plasticizer.

Its reaction history is considerably more complicated than that of diphenylurea. Ending up with nitrated anilines, the methyl analog centralite-2 or sym-dimethyldiphenylurea is also known and is used somewhat abroad. The centralite are considered to be somewhat less effective as stabilizers than 2-nitrodiphenylamine, but they are also quite good plasticizers. When found in propellants they are frequently used at higher fractions than the diphenylamines to take advantage of their plasticizing properties.

External links

• Fine Chemicals & Intermediates : Ethyl Centralite