Dzyatlava

Dziatlava Дзятлава
Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary founded by Sejm Marshal Lew Sapieha
Flag Coat of arms
Dziatlava Location of Dyatlovo
Coordinates: 53°27′55″N 25°24′20″E
Country Subdivision	Belarus Grodno Region
Founded	1498
Population  (2004)
• Total	8 300
Time zone	UTC+3 (FET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (not observed)
Postal code	231471
Area code	+375 1563
Website	Dyatlovo Regional Executive Committee

Dziatlava or Dyatlovo (Belarusian: Дзятлава, Lithuanian: Zietela, Polish: Zdzięcioł, Russian: Дятлово, Yiddish: זשעטל Zhetl) is a town in Belarus in the Grodno Region, about 165 km southeast of Grodno. The population was 7,700 in 2016.

History

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Zietela was first referenced in documents from 1498 when it was granted by the King of Poland John I Albert to Prince Konstanty Ostrogski, who later built a wooden castle there.

17th century

In the 17th century, Zietela was owned by Lew Sapieha, who ordered a Catholic church to be erected on the main city square. The church was consecrated in 1646, renovated after a fire in 1743 and still stands.

18th century

During the Great Northern War of the anti-Swedish alliance, Peter I of Russia visited Zietela and stayed there for a week in January 1708. In the 18th century, the town was owned by Stanisław Sołtyk, who built a Baroque residence there in 1751. After the partitioning of Pol, until the aftermath of World War I, the town was within the Russian Empire, in the Province of Grodno, district of Slonim.

Market square in Zdzięcioł, 1938, before the Soviet invasion of Poland

20th century

Between World War I and World War II, Zdzięcioł (now Dziatlava) belonged to the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic. It was the seat of Gmina Zdzięcioł in Nowogródek Voivodeship. The population was composed predominantly of Polish Jews. The Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland on September 17, 1939, and stationed in the Voivodeship area until the outbreak of their own war with Germany in June 1941. After the Soviet rapid retreat, and several months of Nazi ad hoc persecution, on February 22, 1942 the new German authorities officially created Zdzięcioł Ghetto.

Further information: Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland

During the Holocaust, about 3,000–5,000 Zdzięcioł Jews were killed near the town during the Dzyatlava massacre of 1942 by a German death squad aided by the Lithuanian and the Belarusian Auxiliary Police battalions. The old Jewish cemetery is considered a minor landmark.

Lithuanian heritage

Area of the Lithuanian language in the 16th century

Being 80 kilometres south of present-day Lithuania, Zietela's environs had been known by linguists as the outermost indigenous Lithuanian speaking "island" apart from the contiguous Lithuanian language territory. The Lithuanian speakers spoke a unique dialect, known as the "Zietela dialect"; it has been speculated that the ancestors of its speakers might have been Lithuanized Jotvingians. It drew the attention by many prominent linguists, such as Christian Schweigaard Stang, Vladimir Toporov, Kazimieras Būga and Juozas Balčikonis. In 1886, 1,156 people in nearby villages declared themselves Lithuanians, however, the real number might have been much greater. At present the Lithuanian population is virtually extinct.

People

• Ivan Karizna, cellist
• Jacob ben Wolf Kranz of Dubno, the "Dubner maggid" (1741–1804)
• Yisrael Meir Kagan (Chofetz Chayim), 1839–1933
• Zvi Yosef Resnick, rabbi and rosh yeshivah (1841–1912)
• Mnachem Risikoff, rabbi and scholar (1866–1960), born in Dzyatlava
• Baruch Sorotzkin (1917-1979)
• Tamara Lazakovich, European All-Around Co-Champion (1971) and Olympic medalist (1972) in gymnastics

See also

• Dzyatlava Ghetto
• Dzyatlava massacre

External links

• Info of Dziatłava
• Photos on Radzima.org
• (in Russian) Dyatlovo information portal
• ארגון יוצאי ז'טל ודורות ההמשך
• Dzyatlava, Belarus at JewishGen
• Dyatlovo old website