Emirate of Dubai
Emirate of Dubai
دبيّ Imārat Dubayy | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 23°30′N 54°30′E / 23.5°N 54.5°ECoordinates: 23°30′N 54°30′E / 23.5°N 54.5°E | |
| Country |  United Arab Emirates |
| Emirate | Dubai |
| Independence from UK | 2 December 1971 |
| Seat | Dubai |
| Subdivisions | |
| Government | |
| • Type | Islamic absolute monarchy[1][2] within a federation |
| • Ruler | Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
| • Crown Prince | Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,114 km2 (1,588 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 2nd[3] |
| Population (2019) | |
| • Total | 4,177,059 |
| • Rank | 1st |
| Demonym | Dubaian |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (UAE standard time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4 |
| ISO 3166 code | AE-DU |
| Nominal GDP | 2015 estimate |
| Total | US$105 billion[4] |
| Per capita | US$44,000 |
| Religion | Islam (the official state religion of the UAE) |
The Emirate of Dubai (Arabic: إمارة دبيّ; pr. Imārat Dubayy) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates.[5] It is the most populous emirate of the UAE. The capital of the emirate is the eponymous city, Dubai.
Geography
The city of Dubai is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, while the Emirate stretches inland and is bordered to the south by the emirate of Abu Dhabi, to the northeast by the emirate of Sharjah, to the southeast by the country of Oman, to the east by the emirate of Ajman, and to the north by the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah.
History
In the early 19th century, the coastal township of Dubai was located within the territorial lands of the Bani Yas tribe, however Dubai was also on the borderlands near the control of the powerful Al Qasimi clan. This caused both groups to assert authority over the town.[6]: 13
In the 19th century, pearls were the main commodity of the region, with buyers from Mumbai, commerce peaked in 1897.[6]: 26
In 1901, Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum established Dubai as a free port with no taxation on imports or exports and also gave merchants parcels of land and guarantees of protection and tolerance. These policies saw a movement of merchants not only directly from Lingeh,[7] but also those who had settled in Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah (which had historical links with Lingeh through the Al Qawasim tribe) to Dubai. An indicator of the growing importance of Dubai can be gained from the movements of the steamer of the Bombay and Persia Steam Navigation Company, which from 1899 to 1901 paid five visits annually to Dubai. In 1902 the company's vessels made 21 visits to Dubai and from 1904 on,[8] the steamers called fortnightly – in 1906, trading 70,000 tonnes of cargo.[9] The frequency of these vessels helped to accelerate Dubai's role as an emerging port and trading hub of preference. British historian John Lorimer noted the transfer of merchants from Lingeh "bids fair to become complete and permanent",[7] and also that the town had by 1906 supplanted Lingeh as the chief entrepôt of the Trucial States. By 1908, Dubai was home to a population of some 10,000 people.[6]: 21–23
By the 1930s and 1940s, the pearl business crashed due to cultured pearls from Japan. The economy crashed which triggered a famine.[6]: 28 Hopes were reignited when in 1937 an oil exploration contract was signed which guaranteed royalty rights for Dubai and concessionary payments to Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum. However, due to World War II, oil would not be struck until 1966 at the Fateh oil field.[6]: 36–37
In December 1971, the emirates united to form the United Arab Emirates, thus ending their status as British Protectorates.[10][11]
The ruler of the emirate is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.[12] The emirate is made up of various other municipalities and villages. The inland exclave of Hatta is located about 134 km east of the city of Dubai. The exclave is bordered by Oman to the east and south, the villages of Sayh Mudayrah and Masfout in Ajman to the west, and Ras Al Khaimah to the north.
Rulers
- 9 July 1833 – 1836: Sheikh Obeid bin Said bin Rashid (d. 1836)[13]
- 9 July 1833 – 1852: Sheikh Maktoum bin Butti bin Suhail (d. 1852)[14]
- 1852 – 1859: Sheikh Saeed bin Butti (d. 1859)[13]
- 1859 – 22 November 1886: Sheikh Hasher bin Maktoum (d. 1886)[13]
- 22 November 1886 – 7 April 1894: Sheikh Rashid bin Maktoum (d. 1894)[13]
- 7 April 1894 – 16 February 1906: Sheikh Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum (d. 1906)[13]
- 16 February 1906 – November 1912: Sheikh Butti bin Suhail Al Maktoum (d. 1912)[15]
- November 1912 – September 1958: Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum (d. 1958)[14]
- September 1958 – 7 October 1990: Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (d. 1990)[16]
- 7 October 1990 – 4 January 2006: Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum (d. 2006)[17][18]
- 4 January 2006: Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (b. 1949)[18]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1953 | 50,000 | — |
| 1968 | 59,000 | +1.11% |
| 1980 | 276,301 | +13.73% |
| 1985 | 370,788 | +6.06% |
| 1995 | 689,420 | +6.40% |
| 2005 | 1,321,453 | +6.72% |
| 2010 | 1,837,610 | +6.82% |
| 2017 | 2,836,062 | +6.40% |
| Source: Citypopulation[19] | ||
See also
References
- ^ "The Political System of the UAE".
- ^ "Entrenched Monarchy Thwarts Aspirations for Modernity". The New York Times. January 22, 2010.
- ^ About Dubai page of the Government of Dubai website (www.dubai.ae). Retrieved 2019-07-12.
- ^ "Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices - Emirate of Dubai 2015-2014" (PDF). Dubai Statistics Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ^ "The Seven Emirates of the UAE". WorldAtlas. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Krane, Jim (2010). Dubai: The Story of the World's Fastest City. London, England: Atlantic. ISBN 978-1-84887-009-3.
- ^ a b Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 2236.
- ^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 743.
- ^ Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. Media Prima. p. 34.
- ^ ""History of the UAE - UAE Government Website"". "Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority - Government of the UAE". Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ ""A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The United Arab Emirates"". "Office of the Historian - Government of the United States". Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ "Dubai Ruler - The GDMO - Dubai Government Media Office". mediaoffice.ae. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. Media Prima. p. 23.
- ^ a b "Ruling Family in Dubai". His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 775.
- ^ "The late Vice President Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum". UAE Cabinet. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "The Formation of the Federation". National Library and Archives of the UAE. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ a b Pranay Gupte (January 2011). Dubai: The Making of a Megapolis. ISBN 9788184755046.
- ^ "UAE: Emirates". www.citypopulation.de.
External links
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- Emirate of Dubai
- Persian Gulf
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