Dicynodon
Dicynodon Temporal range: Changhsingian,
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Skull of Dicynodon lacerticeps | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Synapsida |
Clade: | Therapsida |
Suborder: | †Anomodontia |
Clade: | †Dicynodontia |
Clade: | †Bidentalia |
Infraorder: | †Dicynodontoidea |
Family: | †Dicynodontidae Owen, 1859 |
Genus: | †Dicynodon Owen, 1845 |
Species | |
†D. lacerticeps Owen, 1845 (type) | |
Synonyms | |
Dicynodon ("two dog-teeth") is a genus of dicynodont therapsid that flourished during the Upper Permian period. Like all dicynodonts, it was herbivorous animal. This reptile was toothless, except for prominent tusks, hence the name. It probably cropped vegetation with a horny beak, much like a tortoise, while the tusks may have been used for digging up roots and tubers.
Many species of Dicynodon have been named, and the genus is considered a wastebasket taxon. A 2011 study of the genus found most of the species to represent a paraphyletic grouping, with the only valid members of Dicynodon being D. lacerticeps and D. huenei.[1] A 2019 study named a new species D. angielczyki, but simultaneously transferred D. huenei to the genus Daptocephalus.[2]
Description
Dicynodon was a medium-sized and advanced member of the Dicynodont group. It had an average length of 1.2 metres (3.9 ft), although size differed among species. Its fossil remains have been found in sediments of latest Permian age in South Africa and Tanzania.
The type species is Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen, 1845. A large number of species have since been placed in this genus, some of which turned out to be synonyms of other species, others have been moved to different genera.
Species
Two species of Dicynodon are currently recognized: the type species D. lacerticeps from South Africa and the species D. angielczyki from Tanzania. Since the genus was first named, over 160 species have been assigned to Dicynodon. A 2011 study of the genus found 11 of these species to be valid, although most are now assigned to other dicynodont genera.[1] Below is a list of all species that have ever been assigned to Dicynodon. Since their naming, most have been considered as synonymous with other dicynodont species. Names in bold are still referable to Dicynodon.
Species | Authority | Age | Location | Unit | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dicynodon acutirostris | Broom, 1935 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon aetorhamphus | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon alfredi | (Owen, 1862) | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus declivis |
Dicynodon allani | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon alticeps | Broom and Haughton, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Sintocephalus alticeps |
Dicynodon amalitzkii | Sushkin, 1926 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Vyatkian | Valid as Peramodon amalitzkii |
Dicynodon andrewsi | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon angielczyki | Kammerer, 2019 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Usili Formation | Valid |
Dicynodon annae | Sushkin, 1926 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Vyatkian | Junior synonym of Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi |
Dicynodon anneae | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dinanomodon gilli |
Dicynodon antjiesfonteinensis | Toerien, 1953 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon bainii | Owen, 1845 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Aulacephalodon bainii |
Dicynodon bathyrhynchus | von Huene, 1942 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Usili Formation | Valid as Euptychognathus bathyrhynchus |
Dicynodon benjamini | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Keyseria benjamini |
Dicynodon bogdaensis | King, 1988 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Guodikeng Formation | Valid as Turfanodon bogdaensis |
Dicynodon bolorhinoides | Watson, 1960 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Aulacephalodon bainii |
Dicynodon bolorhinus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon brachyrhynchus | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon breviceps | Haughton, 1915 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon brevirostris | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon broomi | Broili and Schröder, 1937 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon broilii | Boonstra, 1948 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon cadlei | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon calverleyi | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Basilodon woodwardi |
Dicynodon cavifrons | Broom and Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon clarencei | Broom, 1950 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides recurvidens |
Dicynodon copei | Seeley, 1889 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus murrayi |
Dicynodon cordylus | Lydekker, 1889 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon corstorphinei | Broom and Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon curtus | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon curvatus | Owen, 1876 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Lystrosaurus curvatus |
Dicynodon cyclops | Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon daptocephaloides | Toerien, 1955 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon declivis | Owen, 1860 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Lystrosaurus declivis |
Dicynodon depressus | (Owen, 1876) | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus declivis |
Dicynodon dubius | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Valid as Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon duffianus | von Huene, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cutties Hillock Sandstone Formation | Junior synonym of Gordonia traquairi |
Dicynodon dunnii | Seeley, 1889 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon dutoiti | Broom and Schepers, 1937 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon duvenhagei | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides recurvidens |
Dicynodon euryceps | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Madumabisa Mudstone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon feliceps | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon galecephalus | Broom and Robinson, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dinanomodon gilli |
Dicynodon gamkaensis | Broom, 1937 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon gilli | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Dinanomodon gilli |
Dicynodon glaucops | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon graaffi | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon gracilis | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides recurvidens |
Dicynodon grahami | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon grandis | Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Incertae sedis |
Dicynodon greyii | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon grimbeeki | Broom, 1935 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon grossarthi | Broili and Schröder, 1937 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon halli | Watson, 1914 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon hartzenbergi | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Incertae sedis |
Dicynodon haughtonianus | von Huene, 1931 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon helenae | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Madumabisa Mudstone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon howardi | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides recurvidens |
Dicynodon huenei | Haughton, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Usili Formation | Valid as Daptocephalus huenei |
Dicynodon huxleyanus | von Huene, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cutties Hillock Sandstone Formation | Junior synonym of Gordonia traquairi |
Dicynodon ictidops | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon ictinops | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Emydops arctatus |
Dicynodon incisivum | Repelin, 1923 | Late Permian | ![]() |
"Purple beds" | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon ingens | Broom, 1907 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon jouberti | Broom, 1905 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone or Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon juddianus | von Huene, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cutties Hillock Sandstone Formation | Junior synonym of Gordonia traquairi |
Dicynodon kitchingi | Broom, 1937 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon kolbei | Broom, 1912 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon lacerticeps | Owen, 1845 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid |
Dicynodon laticeps | Broom, 1912 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Aulacephalodon bainii |
Dicynodon latifrons | Broom, 1899 | Middle Triassic | ![]() |
Cynognathus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Kannemeyeria simocephalus |
Dicynodon latirostris | Owen, 1860 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus declivis |
Dicynodon leoniceps | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon leontocephalus | Broom, 1950 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon leontops | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon leptorhinus | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon leptoscelus | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon limbus | Lucas, 1998 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Naobaogou Formation | Valid as Daqingshanodon limbus |
Dicynodon lissops | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon locusticeps | von Huene, 1942 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Usili Formation | Valid as Geikia locusticeps |
Dicynodon luangwanensis | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Usili Formation | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon luckhoffi | Broom, 1937 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon lutriceps | Broom, 1912 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon maccabei | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon macrodon | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dinanomodon gilli |
Dicynodon macrorhynchus | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon magnus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Rhachiocephalus magnus |
Dicynodon marlothi | von Huene, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon megalops | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon megalorhinus | Broom, 1913 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon microdon | Broom, 1936 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Basilodon woodwardi |
Dicynodon microrhynchus | von Huene, 1931 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pristerodon mackayi |
Dicynodon microtrema | Seeley, 1889 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon milletti | Broom, 1928 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon moschops | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Pelanomodon moschops |
Dicynodon moutonae | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon murrayi | Huxley, 1859 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Lystrosaurus murrayi |
Dicynodon mustoi | Haughton, 1915 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon nanus | Broom, 1936 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon nesemanni | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon njalilus | von Huene, 1942 | Middle Triassic | ![]() |
Manda Beds | Valid as Tetragonias njalilus |
Dicynodon nowacki | von Huene, 1942 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Usili Formation | Valid as Dicynodontoides nowacki |
Dicynodon orientalis | Huxley, 1865 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Panchet Formation | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus murrayi |
Dicynodon osborni | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon oweni | Lydekker, 1889 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon pachyrhynchus | Broom, 1913 | Middle Triassic | ![]() |
Cynognathus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Kannemeyeria simocephalus |
Dicynodon parabreviceps | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Madumabisa Mudstone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon pardiceps | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon parvidens | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon planus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon platyceps | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon platyfrons | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon prognathus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon pseudojouberti | Boonstra, 1948 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon psittacops | Broom, 1912 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon pygmaeus | Broom and Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pristerodon mackayi |
Dicynodon raniceps | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pristerodon mackayi |
Dicynodon rectidens | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon recurvidens | Owen, 1876 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Dicynodontoides recurvidens |
Dicynodon richardi | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon roberti | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Madumabisa Mudstone | Junior synonym of Syops vanhoepeni |
Dicynodon robertsi | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon robustus | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon rogersi | Broom and Haughton, 1917 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon rosmarus | Cope, 1870 | Late Triassic | ![]() |
Lockatong Formation | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon rossicus | Sushkin, 1926 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Vyatkian | Junior synonym of Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi |
Dicynodon rubidgei | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon scheepersi | Broom, 1948 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Rhachiocephalus magnus |
Dicynodon schroederi | Toerien, 1953 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Robertia broomiana |
Dicynodon schwarzi | Broom, 1919 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon scopulusa | Lucas, 1998 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Quanzijie Formation | Incertae sedis |
Dicynodon seeleyi | Broili, 1908 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon sidneyi | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pelanomodon moschops |
Dicynodon simocephalus | Weithofer, 1888 | Middle Triassic | ![]() |
Cynognathus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Kannemeyeria simocephalus |
Dicynodon sinkianensis | Yuan and Young, 1934 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Guodikeng Formation | Valid as Jimusaria sinkianensis |
Dicynodon sollasi | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon strigiceps | Owen, 1845 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon strigops | Broom, 1913 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon sunanensis | Li et al., 2000 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Guodikeng Formation | Junior synonym of Turfanodon bogdaensis |
Dicynodon swierstrai | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pristerodon mackayi |
Dicynodon taoshuyuanensis | King, 1988 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Guodikeng Formation | Junior synonym of Jimusaria sinkianensis |
Dicynodon taylori | Broom, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon tealei | Haughton, 1932 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Usili Formation | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon tener | von Huene, 1935 | Middle - Late Triassic | ![]() |
Santa Maria Formation | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon testudiceps | Owen, 1845 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon testudirostris | Broom and Haughton, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon tienshanensis | Sun, 1973 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Guodikeng Formation | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon tigriceps | Owen, 1855 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Aulacephalodon bainii |
Dicynodon traquairi | von Huene, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cutties Hillock Sandstone Formation | Junior synonym of Gordonia traquairi |
Dicynodon trautscholdi | Amalitzky, 1922 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Vyatkian | Valid as Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi |
Dicynodon trigoniceps | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Pristerodon mackayi |
Dicynodon trigonocephalus | Broom, 1940 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dicynodon lacerticeps |
Dicynodon truncatus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone or Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon turpior | von Huene, 1935 | Late Triassic | ![]() |
Santa Maria Formation | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon tylorhinus | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Incertae sedis |
Dicynodon validus | Broom, 1935 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Tropidostoma dubium |
Dicynodon vanderbyli | Broom, 1928 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon vanderhorsti | Toerien, 1953 | Middle Permian | ![]() |
Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Diictodon feliceps |
Dicynodon vanhoepeni | Boonstra, 1938 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Madumabisa Mudstone | Valid as Syops vanhoepeni |
Dicynodon venteri | Broom, 1935 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Nomen dubium |
Dicynodon venyukovi | Sushkin, 1926 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Upper Vyatkian | Junior synonym of Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi |
Dicynodon verticalis | Owen, 1860 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Lystrosaurus murrayi |
Dicynodon watsoni | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Daptocephalus leoniceps |
Dicynodon weatherbyi | Broom, 1941 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Basilodon woodwardi |
Dicynodon wellwoodensis | Broom, 1936 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon whaitsi | Broom, 1913 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Valid as Odontocyclops whaitsi |
Dicynodon whitsonae | Toerien, 1954 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Dinanomodon gilli |
Dicynodon wilmanae | Broom, 1928 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone | Junior synonym of Oudenodon bainii |
Dicynodon woodwardi | Broom, 1921 | Late Permian | ![]() |
Dicynodon Assemblage Zone | Valid as Basilodon woodwardi |
See also
References
- ^ a b Kammerer, C.F.; Angielczyk, K.D.; Fröbisch, J. (2011). "A comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicynodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia) and its implications for dicynodont phylogeny, biogeography, and biostratigraphy". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (Suppl. 1): 1–158. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.627074.
- ^ Christian F. Kammerer (2019). "Revision of the Tanzanian dicynodont Dicynodon huenei (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Permian Usili Formation". PeerJ. 7: e7420. doi:10.7717/peerj.7420.
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2009) |
- Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kurkin, Andrey A. (October 2003). "Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeography". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (2): 157–212. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00081.x.
- Lucas, S. G., 2005, Dicynodon (Reptilia: Therapsida) from the Upper Permian of Russia: biochronologic significance: In: The Nonmarine Permian; edited by Lucas, S. G., and Zeigler, K. E., New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, Bulletin 30, p. 192-196.
External links
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Dicynodon - Mikko's Phylogeny archive (list of species and cladogram)
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- Articles with short description
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2009
- All articles lacking in-text citations
- Commons category link is the pagename
- Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata
- Taxonbar pages requiring a Wikidata item
- Taxonbars with invalid from parameters
- Taxonbars without secondary Wikidata taxon IDs
- Dicynodonts
- Lopingian synapsids of Africa
- Taxa named by Richard Owen
- Fossil taxa described in 1845
- Changhsingian genera
- Anomodont genera