Sultanate of Dawaro
Sultanate of Dawaro | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th Century–1329 | |||||||||
| Status | Sovereign state | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Sultanate | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 10th Century | ʿAli Madaḥweyne Dir Ajii Irir Samāle | ||||||||
• ?-1329 | Ḥaydar | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 10th Century | ||||||||
| 1329 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Hararghe | ||||||||
The Sultanate of Dawaro was a Somali Muslim Sultanate founded around the 10th century by the Jarso, sub-clan of the Dir, centred in Hararghe.[1]
Origins
The founder of Dawaro Sultanate was the Jarso belonging to the Ali Madaḥweyne branch which is a sub-clan of the Somali Dir clan. The Dir clan migrated from Dir Dhaba into Hararghe then joining Oromos, the Jārso along with other Somali ʿAli Madaḥweyne Dir clans were absorbed into the Afran Qallo Barentuma confederation, and today the Jarso are reckoned as Jārsō Daggā Qāllō Barentuma Oromō. Although a large amount of the Jārso clan have assimilated with the Oromos, they were not ethnically Oromo and were ethnically Somali.[2]
Conquering of Dawaro
Emperor Amda Seyon I of Ethiopia conquered many of the adjacent independent Muslim sultanates during his reign. In 1329, Sulṭān Ḥaydar of Dawaro was captured and imprisoned together with his ally Sulṭān Sabir ad-Dīn Maḥamed. Despite several rebellions and a brief period when Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din II a powerful ruler from Adal Sultanate captured Dawaro and turned it into a vessel of Adal and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Oromos captured the vassal state and assimilated the local native Somali population. Just like many Somalis in Hararghe, the Jarso clan were also assimilated into the Oromo confederation after the weakening of Adal Sultanate by its war with the Ethiopian Empire and Portuguese Empire.[3]
Legacy
Dawaro was a major power prior to its defeat and subjugation. It was roughly equal in size, population and power to the early Ifat Sultanate.[4]
Sultans of Dawaro
| Ruler Name | Reign | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ? | Ḥaydar (or Haydara) | ??? - 1329 | Ally of Sulṭān SabiradDīn Maḥamed "Waqōyi" Naḥwi of Ifat, imprisoned along with him by Amda Seyon I |
References
- ^ Braukämper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-8258-5671-7.
- ^ Hassen, Mohammed (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84701-117-6.
- ^ Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077
- ^ Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays