1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election

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1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election

← 1935 26 May 1946 (1946-05-26) 1948 →

All 300 seats in the Constituent National Assembly
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout93.9%
  First party Second party Third party
  Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R90009, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, Festumzug, tschechische Delegation (cropped KG).jpg Petr Zenkl - 1938.jpg Jan Šrámek.jpg
Leader Klement Gottwald Petr Zenkl Jan Šrámek
Party KSČ ČSNS ČSL
Seats after 93 55 46
Seat change Increase 63 Increase 27 Increase 24
Popular vote 2,205,697 1,298,980 1,111,009
Percentage 31.2% 18.4% 15.7%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  Zdeněk Fierlinger 1932.jpg
Leader Jozef Lettrich Zdeněk Fierlinger Štefan Bašťovanský
Party DS ČSSD KSS
Seats after 43 37 21
Seat change Increase 43 Decrease 1 Increase 21
Popular vote 999,622 855,538 489,596
Percentage 14.1% 12.1% 6.9%

  Seventh party Eighth party
  Vavro Šrobár.JPG
Leader Vavro Šrobár Ivan Frlička
Party SS SP
Seats after 3 2
Seat change Increase 3 Increase 2
Popular vote 60,195 50,079
Percentage 0.9% 0.7%

Prime Minister before election

Zdeněk Fierlinger
ČSSD

Elected Prime Minister

Klement Gottwald
KSČ

Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 May 1946.[1]: 471  The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia emerged as the largest party, winning 114 of the 300 seats (93 for the main party and 21 for its Slovak branch) with 38% of the vote. The Communist vote share was higher than any party had ever achieved in a Czechoslovak parliamentary election; previously, no party had ever won more than 25%. Voter turnout was 93.9%.[1]: 472  The national results also determined the composition of the Slovak National Council and local committees.

This was one of only two free nationwide elections held in the Eastern Bloc, the other having been held in Hungary a year earlier.[2] Two years later, the Communists staged a coup d'etat and established the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. As a result, the 1946 election was the last free and fair election held in Czechoslovakia until 1990.[3]

Background

After World War II, a 300-member Interim National Assembly was formed and met for the first time on 28 October 1945.[1]: 464  The Assembly created a new electoral system with the country divided into 28 multi-member constituencies.[4] 150 members were elected from Bohemia, 81 from Moravia and Silesia and 69 from Slovakia. The voting age was lowered to 18, but only Czechs, Slovaks and other Slavs could register to vote.[1]: 464 

Opinion polls

Date Polling firm KSČ ČSNS ČSL ČSSD Blank
votes
Notes
April 1946 ÚVVM[5] 39.6 22.5 19.2 16.0 2.7 Only Bohemia and Moravia

Results

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 2,205,697 31.2 93 +63
Czechoslovak National Social Party 1,298,980 18.4 55 +27
Czechoslovak People's Party 1,111,009 15.7 46 +24
Democratic Party 999,622 14.1 43 New
Czechoslovak Social Democracy 855,538 12.1 37 –1
Communist Party of Slovakia 489,596 6.9 21 New
Freedom Party 60,195 0.9 3 New
Labour Party 50,079 0.7 2 New
Invalid/blank votes 59,427
Total 7,130,143 100 300 0
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia

Party Votes %
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 2,205,658 40.17
Czechoslovak National Social Party 1,298,917 23.66
Czechoslovak People's Party 1,110,920 20.23
Czechoslovak Social Democracy 855,771 15.59
Invalid/blank votes
Total 5,490,696 100
Source: Rudé právo

Slovakia

Party Votes %
Democratic Party 988,275 61.49
Communist Party of Slovakia 490,257 30.48
Freedom Party 67,575 4.28
Labour Party 49,983 3.11
Invalid/blank votes
Total 1,608,715 100
Source: Rudé právo

Aftermath

Following the elections, Communist leader Klement Gottwald formed a coalition government. However, the Communists gradually tightened their grip on the country. After the non-Communist members resigned from the Cabinet on 25 February 1948, the Communists seized full control of the country.[1]: 457 [6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
  2. ^ Andorka, Rudolf et al. A Society Transformed, p.8. Central European University Press (1999), ISBN 963-9116-49-1
  3. ^ Kamm, Henry. Now, the Czech Reality; Political 'Amateurs,' After Free Elections, Turn to Problems Left by the Communists. The New York Times, 1990-06-11.
  4. ^ "Zákon č. 67/1946 sb. o volbě ústavodárného Národního shromáždění" (in Czech). Zakonyprolidi.cz. 18 April 1946. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  5. ^ mínění, Ústav pro výzkum veřejného (1946). "Výzkum Volby I. - 3/1946 duben ÚVVM/CVVM". Invenio Nusl (in Czech). Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  6. ^ Stupka, Jiří (2012). "Parlamentní volby v roce 1946 – odraz na stránkách ústředních tiskových orgánů politických stran" (PDF) (in Czech). Masaryk University. Retrieved 19 August 2017.