Cryptoclidus
| Cryptoclidus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cast of a fossil skeleton, University of Tübingen | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | †Sauropterygia |
| Order: | †Plesiosauria |
| Family: | †Cryptoclididae |
| Subfamily: | †Cryptoclidinae |
| Genus: | †Cryptoclidus Seeley, 1892 |
| Type species | |
| †Cryptoclidus eurymerus Phillips, 1871
| |
| Species | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Cryptoclidus (/krɪptoʊˈklaɪdəs/ krip-toh-KLY-dəs) is a genus of plesiosaur reptile from the Middle Jurassic period of England, France, and Cuba.[1]
Discovery
Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur whose specimens include adult and juvenile skeletons, and remains which have been found in various degrees of preservation in England, Northern France, Russia, and South America. Its name, meaning "hidden clavicles", refer to its small, practically invisible clavicles buried in its front limb girdle.
The type species was initially described as Plesiosaurus eurymerus by Phillips (1871). The species name "wide femur" refers to the forelimb, which was mistaken for a hindlimb at the time. Fossils of Cryptoclidus have been found in the Oxford Clay of Cambridgeshire, England. The dubious species Cryptoclidus beaugrandi is known from Kimmeridgian-age deposits in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.[2] Cryptoclidus vignalensis, which is now considered undiagnostic, hails from the Jagua Formation of western Cuba.[3]
Description
Cryptoclidus was a medium-sized plesiosaur, measuring 5.5 m (18 ft) in length and weighing around 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons).[4] The fragile build of the head and teeth preclude any grappling with prey, and suggest a diet of small, soft-bodied animals such as squid and shoaling fish. Cryptoclidus may have used its long, intermeshing teeth to strain small prey from the water, or perhaps sift through sediment for buried animals.[5]
The size and shape of the nares and nasal openings have led Brown and Cruickshank (1994) to argue that they were used to sample seawater for smells and chemical traces.[6]
Classification
The cladogram below follows the topology from Benson et al. (2012) analysis.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Brown, David S., and Arthur RI Cruickshank. The skull of the Callovian plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus, and the sauropterygian cheek. Archived 2014-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Palaeontology 37.4 (1994): 941.
- ^ Bologne-sur-Mer at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Norell, M.A. (1996). "Synopsis of Late Jurassic Marine Reptiles from Cuba" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. 3164: 1–17. S2CID 56459152.
- ^ Paul, Gregory S. (2022). The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles. Princeton University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780691193809.
- ^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 75. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
- ^ Brown and Cruickshank, 1994
- ^ Benson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Druckenmiller, P. S. (2012). Lalueza-Fox, Carles (ed.). "High Diversity, Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e31838. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731838B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031838. PMC 3306369. PMID 22438869.
Further reading
- Z. Gasparini and L. Spaletti. 1993. First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30(3):245-254
External links
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- Cryptoclidids
- Callovian life
- Middle Jurassic plesiosaurs of Europe
- Jurassic England
- Fossils of England
- Oxford Clay
- Jurassic Cuba
- Fossils of Cuba
- Fossil taxa described in 1892
- Taxa named by Harry Seeley
- Sauropterygian genera