Order of the Crown of Italy

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Order of the Crown of Italy
Ordine della Corona d'Italia
MG 7947 post.jpg
Star of the Grand Cordon set of the Order
Awarded by
Royal Standard of Italy (1880–1946).svg
The Head of the Italian Royal Family
TypeDynastic Order of Knighthood
Established20 February 1868
Royal houseHouse of Savoy
EligibilityMilitary, civilian
Awarded forMeritorious Service or Achievement
StatusRarely constituted
FounderKing Victor Emmanuel II
Grand MasterPrince Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
Chairman of the CouncilPrince Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice
GradesKnight Grand Cross
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Knight
Precedence
Next (higher)Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Next (lower)Royal Civil Order of Savoy
Royal Military Order of Savoy
Cavaliere OCI BAR.svg
Ribbon bar

The Order of the Crown of Italy (Italian: Ordine della Corona d'Italia or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861.[1] It was awarded in five degrees for civilian and military merit. Today the Order of the Crown has been replaced by the Order of Merit of Savoy and is still conferred on new knights by the current head of the house of Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples.

Compared with the older Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572), the Order of the Crown of Italy was awarded more liberally and could be conferred on non-Catholics as well; eventually, it became a requirement for a person to have already received the Order of the Crown of Italy in at least the same degree before receiving the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

The order has been suppressed by law since the foundation of the Republic in 1946. However, Umberto II did not abdicate his position as fons honorum and it remained under his Grand Mastership as a dynastic order. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms.[2]

Grades

The various degrees of the order, with corresponding ribbons, were as follows:

Ribbon Class (English) Class (Italian) Manner of wear
Cavaliere di Gran Croce OCI Kingdom BAR.svg Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorati del Grande Cordone Badge on sash on right shoulder, plus star on left chest
Grande ufficiale OCI Kingdom BAR.svg Grand Officer Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Star on left chest
Commendatore OCI Kingdom BAR.svg Commander Commendatore dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on necklet
Ufficiale OCI Kingdom BAR.svg Officer Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on ribbon with rosette on left chest
Cavaliere OCI BAR.svg Knight Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on ribbon on left chest

Insignia

Divisa.Ord.Coronad'Italia.png
Medals
Order of the Crown of Italy Knight medal.jpg
Order Crown of Italy officer medal.jpg
Order of the Crown of Italy - Fram Museum.jpg
Order of the Crown of Italy.jpg
Italian Kruunuritarikunnan rintatähti.png
Kingdom of Italy
Cavaliere OCI BAR.svg
Knight
Ufficiale OCI Kingdom BAR.svg
Officer
Commendatore OCI Kingdom BAR.svg
Commander
Grande ufficiale OCI Kingdom BAR.svg
Grand Officer
Cavaliere di Gran Croce OCI Kingdom BAR.svg
Knight Grand Cross
Italian Republic and Savoy House
Cavaliere OCI BAR.svg
Knight
Ufficiale OCI BAR.svg
Officer
Commendatore OCI BAR.svg
Commander
Grande ufficiale OCI BAR.svg
Grand Officer
Gran croce OCI BAR.svg
Knight Grand Cross
  • The badge of the order was a gilt cross with curved edges, enamelled in white, with the so-called Savoy knots between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc featured the Iron Crown of Lombardy (as appeared on the Austrian Order of the Iron Crown) on a blue enamel background. The reverse central disc had a black-enamelled eagle bearing the Savoy cross on a golden background.
  • The star of the Grand Cross was an eight-pointed faceted silver star; the central disc featured the Iron Crown on a blue enamelled background, surrounded by a white enamel ring bearing the inscription VICT. EMMAN. II REX ITALIAE MDCCCLXVI (Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy, 1866). There was a black-enamelled eagle bearing the Savoy cross above the star.
  • The star of the Grand Officer was an eight-pointed faceted silver star with ball tips at each point and with the obverse of the badge superimposed upon it.
  • The ribbon of the order was red-white-red.

Members

Members of the order have included:

Order of Merit of Savoy

Order of Merit of Savoy
Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg
The lesser coat of arms of the Savoy family (1890)
Awarded by The Duke of Savoy as Sovereign Head of the House of Savoy
TypeDynastic Order of Chivalry
Established23 January 1988
CountryItaly
Royal houseHouse of Savoy
MottoF.E.R.T. (Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tulit; By his bravery he conquered Rhodes)
StatusActive
FounderDuke of Savoy, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
ClassesKnight Grand Cross

Dame Grand Cross

Grand Officer

Commander

Dame Commander

Officer

Knight

Dame
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Next (lower)Order of the Crown of Italy
EquivalentCivil Order of Savoy

The Order of Merit of Savoy (OMS) is a Dynastic order knighthood given out by the head of the Royal House of Savoy, Order of chivalry. Following the demise of the last reigning monarch Umberto II of Italy in 1983, the Order of the Crown of Italy was replaced in 1988 by the Order of Merit of Savoy which was instituted by his heir, the current head of the former Royal House, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. While the Ordine al merito d'Savoia has never been a national order, it is subsidiary to the Civil Order of Savoy which was[7] the Order of Merit and it has around 2,000 members and, as with the Order of the Crown of Italy previously, it is entrusted to the Chancellor of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

File:Knight grand cross, order of merit.jpg
Breast star and pin for a Knight Grand Cross, Order of Merit of Savoy
File:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit.jpg
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Savoy

Civil Order of Savoy

The Civil Order of Savoy was founded as an order of knighthood in 1831 by the King of Sardinia, Charles Albert, Duke of Savoy. The intention was to reward those virtues not belonging to the existing Military Order of Savoy, founded by Vittorio Emanuele I in 1815. The order has one degree, that of Knight (Cavalieri dell'Ordine civile di Savoia), and is limited to 70 members. Admission is in the personal gift of the head of the House of Savoy

The Order of the Crown of Italy

(Italian: Ordine della Corona d'Italia) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861.[8] It was awarded in five degrees for civilian and military merit.Compared with the older Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572), the Order of the Crown of Italy was awarded more liberally and could be conferred on non-Catholics as well; eventually, it became a requirement for a person to have already received the Order of the Crown of Italy in at least the same degree before receiving the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.The order has been suppressed by law since the foundation of the Republic in 1946. However, Umberto II did not abdicate his position as fons honorumand it remained under his Grand Mastership as a dynastic order. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms.[9]


Ranks and grades[10]

The Order of Merit of Savoy is divided like Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus into the following ranks:[11]

- Knights of Grand Cross, no more than one hundred (100);

- Dames of Grand Cross, no more than one hundred (100);

- Grand Officers, no more than one hundred and fifty (150);

- Commanders, who may be no more than three hundred (300);

Medals and decorations from Silver Cross award (left) to Knights of Grand Cross (right)- Dames not included

- Dames Commander, no more than three hundred (300);

- Knight Officers, of an unspecified number;

- Knights, an unspecified number;

- Dames, an unspecified number.

Non-order merit awards

- Gold cross

File:Knights' uniform and Church robes.jpg
Knights' uniform and Church robes

- Silver cross

Dress and Robes

The Order decoration is a white-enamelled, full gold cross, loaded by a blue-enamelled, white shield, with the letters “V.E.” on one side and this inscription on the other: “To the Merit of Savoy 1988”. The blue silk ribbon with a great white pole, a turquoise cloth mantle, adjusted at the ruff by four cords with white and blue silk tassels and with the cross of the Order embroidered on the left side, in various sizes depending on rank. [12]

Grand Masters of the order[13]

Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, Duke of Savoy

File:Church robes of the order.png
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples Duke of Savoy in the Church robes of the order of merit, walking with a knight grand cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus which he is also head of.

The council[14]

The council is responsible for running the order, the order focuses mainly on charitable acts.

The Junta [15]

The Junta is responsible for voting in new Knight or Dame to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new Knight or Dame.

  • HSH Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps – President
  • Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini – Secretary
  • Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada
  • Gualtiero Ventura
  • Federico Pizzi


Additional information

According to International Commission for Orders of Chivalry the Order of Merit is also known as the Merit of Savoy

Under their section: chivalric institutions founded by the head of a formerly reigning dynasty, the Order has been defined as the following since their 2016 register:[16]

ITALY

House of Savoy (Catholic)

Merit of Savoy

Founded: H.R.H. Crown Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont and Prince of Naples 23 January 1988.

Ribbon: Blue with a broad white centre stripe.

Grand Master: H.R.H. Crown Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont and Prince of Naples (Vittorio Emanuele IV, Titular King of Italy) (b. 1937).

Recipients (amongst others)

As of the year 2000 there are/were 1453 recipients of the Order of Merit. [17]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of the Crown of Italy.
  1. ^ Founded by Royal Decree No. 4251 of 20 February 1868, renewed by Royal Decree No. 4850 of 24 January 1869, Royal Magistral Decree of 17 November 1907 and Royal Decree No. 276 of 16 March 1911
  2. ^ Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d'Italia Archived 2006-05-07 at the Wayback Machine Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)
  3. ^ Tremblay, Yves (2005). "BAYLOCK, HARRY WOODBURN". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 15. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Orders and Decorations, 1920" (in Japanese). p. 2.
  5. ^ "Brig. Gen. A. T. Smith Dies After Illness of Four Days". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. November 28, 1939. p. 2 – via GenealogyBank.com.
  6. ^ "WILLIAM VERBECK, EDUCATOR, IS DEAD; General and Former Commander of New York National Guard, Succumbs at 69.HEADED MANLIUS SCHOOL In 1927 He Was Made Commander of Crown of Italy--Received Citizenship by Legislative Act". The New York Times. 1930-08-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-11-24.
  7. ^ "American Delegation of Savoy Orders". American Delegation of Savoy Orders. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  8. ^ "A Royal Decree", Ancient Egyptian Literature, University of California Press, p. 61, 2019-05-07, doi:10.2307/j.ctvqc6j1s.9, S2CID 80989513, retrieved 2022-09-20
  9. ^ "Barzellotti, Giacomo, (1844–18 Sept. 1917), Dottore in Lettere e Filosofia; Decorato di Ordini cavallereschi italiani e Cav. della Legione d'Onore di Francia; Professore ordinario di Storia della Filosofia nella Regia Università di Roma; Senatore del Regno", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u193228, retrieved 2022-09-20
  10. ^ "Zoppi, Count Vittorio, (23 Feb. 1898–6 May 1967), Knight Grand Cross Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u48869, retrieved 2022-09-20
  11. ^ Bennett, Eric (2005-04-07), "Savoy Ballroom", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43280, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2022-09-20
  12. ^ Cavicchioli, Silvia (2002-11-01). "Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815". Italies (6): 117–143. doi:10.4000/italies.1563. ISSN 1275-7519.
  13. ^ "Bulmer-Thomas, Prof. Victor Gerald, (born 23 March 1948), Director, Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), 2001–06; Emeritus Professor, London University, since 1998", Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u9377, retrieved 2022-09-20
  14. ^ Cavicchioli, Silvia (2002-11-01). "Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815". Italies (6): 117–143. doi:10.4000/italies.1563. ISSN 1275-7519.
  15. ^ Cavicchioli, Silvia (2002-11-01). "Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815". Italies (6): 117–143. doi:10.4000/italies.1563. ISSN 1275-7519.
  16. ^ "REGISTERS". International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  17. ^ "Zoppi, Count Vittorio, (23 Feb. 1898–6 May 1967), Knight Grand Cross Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u48869, retrieved 2022-09-20
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