Church and State (essay)
"Church and State" is an article by Leo Tolstoy written in 1886.[1][2] It was translated to English and then published by the anarchist Benjamin Tucker.[2][3] In this text, Tolstoy condemns anyone who collaborates with the state in committing a war, and especially condemns the Eastern Orthodox Church for supporting the Tsar's wars when Christianity teaches "Thou Shalt Not Kill."[1]
Legacy
It was republished by numerous, diverse groups, such as the Methodist Episcopal Church[3] and the anarchist paper Mother Earth, edited by Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.[4] In 1903, inspired by the Christian, anarchist, pacifist message of Tolstoy, Carlos Brandt planned with Tolstoy to have copies of it locally printed in Venezuela.[5]
Criticism
According to literary critic David Holbrook, like many of Tolstoy's other works, he advocates for sexual abstinence here, claiming that sex can "exhaust and debilitate" people.[6] He is criticized elsewhere for sexist attitudes here, where Tolstoy says that it's deplorable to see a woman "capable of bearing children at men's work."[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b Rosamund Bartlett (2011). Tolstoy: A Russian Life. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 382. ISBN 9780547545875.
- ^ a b Leo Tolstoy; Victor S. Yarros; George Schumm (1891). Church and State and Other Essays; Including Money; Man and Woman: Their Respective Functions; The Mother; A Second Supplement to the Kreutzer Sonata. Translated by Benjamin R. Tucker. B. R. Tucker. p. cover.
- ^ a b Methodist Episcopal Church, South (1906). The Methodist Quarterly Review. Vol. 55. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. p. 117.
- ^ Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, ed. (1914). Mother Earth. Vol. 9. Emma Goldman, Proprietor.
- ^ Rodolfo Montes de Oca (2019). "Chapter 3". Venezuelan Anarchism: The History of a Movement. See Sharp Press. ISBN 9781947071377.
- ^ David Holbrook (1997). Tolstoy, Woman, and Death: A Study of War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 38–9. ISBN 9780838637012.
- ^ Avrom Barnett (1921). Foundations of Feminism: A Critique. R.M. McBride & Company. p. 92.
External links
- Original Text
- "Church and State", from RevoltLib.com
- "Church and State", from Marxists.org
