Bojnord
Bojnord
بجنورد | |
|---|---|
City | |
   Mofakham Mirror House, Sardar Mofkham Mansion, Jajarmi Hosseinieh | |
  Bojnord | |
| Coordinates: 37°28′30″N 57°20′00″E / 37.47500°N 57.33333°ECoordinates: 37°28′30″N 57°20′00″E / 37.47500°N 57.33333°E | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | North Khorasan |
| County | Bojnord |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Javad Hamidi Ravari |
| Area | |
| • City | 36 km2 (14 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,070 m (3,510 ft) |
| Population (2016 census) | |
| • Urban | 228,931[1] |
| • Metro | 328,931 |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+04:30 (IRDT) |
| Area code | (+98) 58 |
| Climate | BSk |
| Website | http://www.bojnord-city.ir/ |
Bojnord (Persian: 
بجنورد; also romanized Bojnūrd, Bujnūrd, Bojnoord, Bojnord or Bujnurd), known in the Middle Ages as Buzanjird,[2][3] is the capital city of North Khorasan Province, Iran. It is about 701 km (436 mi) from Tehran.[4] and It is located 237 km away from Mashhad, the capital of Khorasan Razavi province.[5]
History
According to local tradition, the whole area was controlled by the Qarai Turks since the Mongol invasion in the 13th century.[6]
Bojnurd is of recent origin and possibly built by the Safavids for the Kurdish Şadiyan tribe who had been settled there to strengthen the Safavid borders against hostile Turkics. Traditionally, the city was surrounded by a defensive wall and consisted of eleven quarters, bazaars and four mosques.[6]
In 1849, the city saw a revolt which destroyed the city. When traveller G. C. Napier visited the city in 1876, it was noted that the chief of Bojnurd was a Kurd who governed the city without taxation in exchange for military support to the central government in Tehran.[6]
The city experienced severe earthquakes in 1896 and 1929 which destroyed the city and its surroundings. The city would consequently be rebuilt without historical or recent fortifications in a modern matter.[6] In 1997, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake caused significant damage and many fatalities in the city.[7]
ٔNatural geography
Bojnourd city, the capital of North Khorasan province with an area of 36 square kilometers, is located in northeastern Iran at 57 degrees and 20 minutes longitude and 37 degrees and 28 minutes latitude south of Kopedagh mountain range and east of Aladagh mountain range and north of Alborz mountain range. Bojnourd is 1070 meters above sea level and its distance to Tehran is 821 kilometers.[8]
Colleges and universities
Universities located in Bojnord include:[9]
- University of Bojnurd
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
- Islamic Azad University of Bojnurd
- Eshragh Institute of Higher Education (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)
- Payam Noor University of Bojnurd
Notables from Bojnurd
- Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi Dynasty)
- Ali-Akbar Davar, politician and judge and the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran
- Kazem Mousavi Bojnurdi, historian, theologian, writer and the curator of the National Library of Iran (1997–2005)
- Mohammad Davari, journalist, known for arrest in 2009–10 Iranian election protests
- Ehsan Khoshbakht, film critic and curator and the co-director of Il Cinema Ritrovato in Bologna, Italy
Climate
Bojnord has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification.[10]
| Climate data for Bojnurd (1977-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.9 (89.4) |
28.2 (82.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
19.8 (67.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
13.4 (56.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.6 (1.09) |
30.7 (1.21) |
42.4 (1.67) |
38.5 (1.52) |
34.6 (1.36) |
8.7 (0.34) |
10.1 (0.40) |
6.0 (0.24) |
8.4 (0.33) |
14.1 (0.56) |
26.3 (1.04) |
25.0 (0.98) |
272.4 (10.74) |
| Average precipitation days | 11.1 | 11.5 | 12.8 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 90.2 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [1] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bojnurd, Iran".
- ^ Bojnord can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3056548" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ "Tehran".
- ^ "Distance from Bojnurd to Mashhad". www.distancecalculator.net. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
- ^ a b c d Ehlers, Eckart; Bosworth, C. E. (1989). "BOJNŪRD". Encyclopedia Iranica. IV.
- ^ "Earthquake Toll Rises in Iran as Aftershocks Hit". Reuters. Tehran, Iran: ReliefWeb. 5 February 1997. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ "Bojnord". www.visitiran.ir. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "دانستنیهایی از استان خراسان شمالی".
- ^ "Köppen Climate Classification: How to Use the Other Plant Map". Lawnstarter. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
External links
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- Use dmy dates from April 2014
- Articles with short description
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- Coordinates not on Wikidata
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- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Cities in North Khorasan Province
- Iranian provincial capitals
- Populated places in Bojnord County
- Kurdish settlements in Iran