2022 Nepalese general election

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2022 Nepalese general election
← 2017 20 November 2022[1] 2027 →
All 275 seats in the House of Representatives
138 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
  KP Oli.png Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Sher Bahadur Deuba, in Glasgow, Scotland on November 02, 2021 (1).jpg Prachanda 2009.jpg
Leader K. P. Sharma Oli Sher Bahadur Deuba Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Party CPN (UML) Nepali Congress Maoist Centre
Leader since July 2014 7 March 2016 May 1999
Leader's seat Jhapa 5 Dadeldhura 1 Gorkha 2
Last election 33.25%, 121 seats 32.78%, 64 seats 13.66%, 53 seats
Current seats 94 63 49
Seats needed Increase44 Increase75 Increase89
  Madhav Kumar Nepal 2009-09-23.jpg Upendra Yadav at Rajbiraj (cropped).jpg MahanthaThakur.png
Leader Madhav Kumar Nepal Upendra Yadav Mahantha Thakur
Party Unified Socialist PSP-N Loktantrik Samajwadi
Leader since 18 August 2021 8 June 2020 18 August 2021
Leader's seat Rautahat 1 Saptari 2 Mahottari 3
Last election New party New party New party
Current seats 25 20 14
Seats needed Increase113 Increase118 Increase124
ConstituencyMapofNepal.svg
Incumbent Prime Minister

Sher Bahadur Deuba
Nepali Congress



General elections will be held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives.[2] There will be two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.

The election will be held alongside provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies.

Background

The fifth House of Representatives elected in 2017 had a five year term ending in March 2023. In May 2018, the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties merged to form the Nepal Communist Party. The merger between the two coalition partners took their total strength in the House of Representatives to 174. The leaders of the two parties had an agreement to share the post of Prime Minister with the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) chairman KP Sharma Oli handing over the post to CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal after two and a half years. On 20 November 2019, the two leaders agreed to let Oli complete his full term as prime minister.[3] In a secretariat meeting of the Nepal Communist Party on 14 November 2020, Dahal presented a political document which accused Oli not following party orders and being individualistic.[4] In response to Dahal, Oli rejected Dahal's accusations and presented his own political document which accused Dahal of not letting Oli run the government.[5] As the strife within the party continued, Oli requested President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House of Representatives on 20 December 2020 as a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him.[6][7][8] In protest of the decision by Oli, seven ministers of the cabinet resigned.[9][10]

The House was reinstated on 23 February 2021 but on 7 March 2021, deciding on a separate writ, the Supreme Court annulled the decision of the Election Commission to grant the name Nepal Communist Party to the party created by merger of the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre), and positioned them to their pre merger status.[11] The CPN (Maoist Centre) withdrew its support from the government on 5 May 2021 and Oli failed to obtain a vote of confidence while a faction of his own party boycotted the vote.[12]

On 13 May 2021, Oli was appointed minority Prime Minister as the leader of the party in parliament with the highest seats.[13] Rather than retake a vote of confidence, Oli started the process of formation of government through provision of Article 76(5), which is currently being challenged in the Supreme Court. Sher Bahadur Deuba claimed signed support of 149 MPs, including 26 from the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and 13 from the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.[14][15] Oli claimed support of all MPs of the CPN (UML) and the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.[16] President Bhandari decided on 22 May 2021 that both claims were inadequate and announced the dissolution of House, leading to widespread opposition.[17][18][19][20] On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution of parliament invalid, while ordering the appointment of Deuba as Prime Minister, as per article 76(5), by submitting 149 signatures to the President, which is a majority of 271 members present in the House.[21]

Eligibility to vote

To vote in the general election, one must be:[22]

  • on the electoral roll
  • aged 18 or over
  • a citizen of Nepal
  • of sound mind
  • not ineligible as per federal election fraud and punishment laws

Timetable

The key dates are listed below:

4 August Last date to register to be on electoral roll
4 August Cabinet announces election date[23]
16 August Last day for party registration at Election Commission
17 September Tenure of Legislature parliament ends
19 September Parties submit preliminary closed list for proportional representation
28 September Election code of conduct starts
9 October Candidate nomination for first past the post
26 October Closed list for proportional representation finalized and published
20 November Election day[24]
TBD Final result announced and presented to President

Electoral system

The 275 members of the legislature will be elected by two methods; 165 will be elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 seats will be elected by closed list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency.[25] Voters receive separate ballot papers for the two methods. A party or electoral alliance has to pass the election threshold of 3% of the overall valid vote to be allocated a seat in the proportional vote.[26]

Nepal uses the Sainte-Laguë method to allocate proportional seats. Typically, the divisors under this system include all odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7...). But in Nepal, the first divisor is 1.4, rather than 1. This is intended to make it difficult for smaller parties to get a single seat "too cheaply" as the system benefits smaller parties at the expense of larger ones.[citation needed]

Voting is limited to Nepali citizens aged 18 or over of sound mind and not having been declared ineligible under federal election fraud and punishment laws.[27]

Pre election arrangement

Party Ideology 2017 result Seats at dissolution
Votes (%) Seats
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) Marxism–Leninism

People's Multiparty Democracy

30.68
121 / 275
94 / 275
Nepali Congress Social democracy
Third Way 		35.75
63 / 275
63 / 275
CPN (Maoist Centre) Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 13.66
53 / 275
49 / 275
CPN (Unified Socialist) Marxism–Leninism New party
25 / 275
People's Socialist Party, Nepal Democratic socialism RJPN 4.95
17 / 275
16 / 275
FSFN 4.93
16 / 275
Naya Shakti 0.86
1 / 275
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal Social democracy New party
13 / 275
Nepal Socialist Party Social democracy New party
5 / 275
Rastriya Prajatantra Party[a] Constitutional monarchism
Economic liberalism
Hindu nationalism 		RPP 2.06
1 / 275
1 / 275
RPP(D) 0.93
0 / 275
URPP(N) 0.30
0 / 275
People's Progressive Party[a] Social democracyAgrarianism New party
1 / 275
Rastriya Janamorcha[a] Anti-federalism
Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		0.65
1 / 275
1 / 275
Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party[a] Juche 0.59
1 / 275
1 / 275
Independent[b] — —
1 / 275
1 / 275
  1. ^ a b c d Represented as an independent politician in 2017 for not meeting the threshold.
  2. ^ Joined the CPN (Maoist Centre) but stayed as an independent politician.

Electoral alliances and parties

Five-Party Alliance

The coalition government of Nepali Congress, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), People's Socialist Party and Rastriya Janamorcha decided to form an alliance to contest the parliamentary elections on 5 August 2022.[28][29] Later on August 15, Nepal Socialist Party led by former prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai decided to contest the election under the election symbol and manifesto of CPN (Maoist Centre).[30] On October 9, on the deadline of the candidate nominations, People's Socialist Party broke away from the alliance and the alliance decided to support Loktantrik Samajwadi Party in 7 seats and on 2 seats they will be contesting within themselves I.e saptari3 and sharlahi2 only in madesh.[31][32] The alliance also supported Ghanashyam Bhusal in Rupandehi 1 and Prabhu Sah in Rautahat 3 who ran as dissident candidates from CPN (UML) from seats alloted to CPN (Maoist Centre).[33][34][35] After the candidacy of Raju Gurung of Unified Socialist was scrapped by the Election Commission, the alliance decided to support Rastriya Janamukti Party candidate Keshav Bahadur Thapa in Rupandehi 2.[36]

Below are the seats alloted to respective party under electoral alliance while some more candidates were fielded as friendly competition.[37][38]

Party Symbol Leader Leader's Seat Seats contested
(In alliance) 		Male candidates Female candidates
1. Nepali Congress Nepalese Election Symbol Tree.svg Sher Bahadur Deuba Dadeldhura 1 91[38] 86 5
2. Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) Election logo Maoist.jpg[39] Pushpa Kamal Dahal Gorkha 2 48[37] 38 5
3. Socialist Party of Nepal Baburam Bhattarai None[40]
4. Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) Nepalese Election Symbol Pen.jpg Madhav Kumar Nepal Rautahat 1 20 19 1
5. Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal Nepalese election symbol cycle.jpg Mahantha Thakur Mahottari 3 9 9 0
6. Rastriya Janamorcha RaJaMo.png Chitra Bahadur K.C. Baglung 1 2 1 1
Total 165 152 13

CPN (UML) + People's Socialist Party

CPN (UML) decided to support People's Socialist Party in 7 seats on 9 October 2022.[31] The CPN (UML) also decided to support Rastriya Prajtantra Party candidates in Jhapa 5, Rupandehi 1 and Banke 2 and decided to field Rastriya Prajtantra Party Nepal chairman Kamal Thapa in Makwanpur 1 under their election symbol.[33] The party also supported dissident candidate from Nepali Congress, Dinesh Koirala in Chitwan 3, Karna Bahadur Malla of Nepali Congress (B.P.) in Dadeldhura 1 and Hridayesh Tripathi of the People's Progressive Party in Parasi 1.[35]

Party[41][42] Symbol Leader Leader's Seat Seats contested
(In alliance)[43] 		Male candidates Female candidates
1. Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) CPN (UML) election symbol 1.png KP Sharma Oli Jhapa 5 140 129 11
2. Nepal Pariwar Dal Ek Nath Dhakal Party list[44]
3. Rastriya Prajatantra Party, Nepal Kamal Thapa Makawanpur 1 1 1 0
4. People's Socialist Party, Nepal Rastriya Janata Party electoral symbol.png Upendra Yadav Saptari 2 17 17 0
Total 158 147 11

Others

Party Symbol Leader Leader's Seat Seats contested Male candidates Female candidates
Rastriya Prajatantra Party Logo RPP, Nepal.png Rajendra Prasad Lingden Jhapa 3 140 132 8
Rastriya Swatantra Party RastriyaSwatantraParty ElectionSymbol.svg Rabi Lamichhane Chitwan 2 131[45] 119 12
Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party.svg Narayan Man Bijukchhe None[46] 109 97 12
Janamat Party Janamat Party Election Symbol C. K. Raut Saptari 2 54 52 2
Nagarik Unmukti Party Nagrik unmukti symbol.jpg Resham Lal Chaudhary None 30 27 3
People's Progressive Party Nepalese election symbol farmer.jpg Hridayesh Tripathi Parasi 1 15 14 1
Bibeksheel Sajha Party Bibeksheel Sajha Party.svg Samikchya Baskota None 7 7 0
Nepal Sushasan Party Ramesh Prasad Kharel[47] Kathmandu 1
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepalese election symbol urn.jpg Brikhesh Chandra Lal Mahottari 3 2 2 0

2017–2022 MPs contesting under a different political affiliation

Outgoing MP[48] 2017 party 2017 constituency 2022 party 2022 constituency
Gauri Shankar Chaudhary CPN (Maoist Centre) Kailali 3 CPN (UML) Kailali 3
Top Bahadur Rayamajhi Arghakhanchi 1 Arghakhanchi 1
Lekh Raj Bhatta Kailali 4 Kailali 4
Uma Shankar Agrariya Federal Socialist Forum Dhanusha 2 Dhanusha 2
Ruhi Naaz Party list Party list
Iqbal Miya Rastriya Janata Party Nepal Bara 4 Bara 4
Amrita Agrahari Party list Party list
Chanda Chaudhary Party list Nepali Congress Party list
Renuka Gurung Federal Socialist Forum Party list Rastriya Prajatantra Party Party list
Parbata DC Chaudhary Nepali Congress Party list Nagrik Unmukti Party Party list
Hridayesh Tripathi CPN (UML) Parasi 1 People's Progressive Party Parasi 1
Ganga Satgauwa[49] Party list Hamro Nepali Party Dang 1
Rambir Manandhar[49] Kathmandu 7 Independent Kathmandu 7
Ghanashyam Bhusal[49] Rupandehi 3 Rupandehi 1
Amresh Kumar Singh[49] Nepali Congress Sarlahi 4 Sarlahi 4
Prabhu Sah CPN (Maoist Centre) Rautahat 3 Rautahat 3

2017-2022 MPs not standing for re-election[48]

CPN (UML)

  • Bhim Bahadur Rawal
  • Khagaraj Adhikari
  • Kedar Sigdel
  • Pabitra Niraula Kharel
  • Jaya Kumar Rai
  • Parbat Gurung
  • Ganesh Kumar Pahadi
  • Krishna Prasad Dahal
  • Jagat Bahadur Bishwakarma
  • Bhupendra Bahadur Thapa
  • Dal Bahadur Rana
  • Nanda Lal Rokka Chhetri
  • Raj Bahadur Budhathoki
  • Nawaraj Rawat
  • Lal Bahadur Thapa
  • Bhairav Bahadur Singh
  • Tham Maya Thapa
  • Kumari Tulsi Thapa
  • Mohan Baniya
  • Radha Kumari Gyawali
  • Binda Pandey
  • Goma Devkota
  • Man Kumari GC
  • Mayadevi Neupane
  • Bishnu Sharma
  • Sarita Neupane
  • Maina Kumari Bhandari
  • Tirtha Gautam
  • Shiva Maya Tumbahangphe
  • Sujata Shakya
  • Bina Kumari Shrestha
  • Nabina Lama
  • Shanti Maya Tamang
  • Kumari Meche
  • Bimala Bishwakarma
  • Bimala BK
  • Sanu Shiva
  • Aasha Kumari BK
  • Motilal Dugad
  • Sarita Kumari Giri
  • Rekha Kumari

Nepali Congress

  • Karma Ghale
  • Lalkaji Gurung
  • Jeep Tshering Lama
  • Pramila Rai
  • Mahendra Kumari Limbu
  • Hira Gurung
  • Mina Subba
  • Divyamani Rajbhandari
  • Satya Narayan Sharma
  • Mohan Panday
  • Ram Bahadur Bista
  • Dila Sangraula
  • Meena Pandey
  • Uma Regmi
  • Rangmati Shahi
  • Gyan Kumari Chhantyal
  • Namita Kumari Chaudhary
  • Smriti Narayan Chaudhary
  • Man Bahadur Bishwakarma
  • Min Bahadur Bishwakarma
  • Prakash Rasaili
  • Sujata Pariyar
  • Laxmi Pariyar
  • Bimala Nepali
  • Sita Devi Yadav
  • Minakshi Jha
  • Atahar Kamal Musalman
  • Sarbat Aara Khanam
  • Minendra Rijal
  • Mohammad Aftab Alam

CPN (Maoist Centre)

  • Surendra Karki
  • Ganga Bahadur Tamang
  • Hem Kumar Rai
  • Suresh Kumar Rai
  • Shyam Kumar Shrestha
  • Haribol Gajurel
  • Agni Prasad Sapkota[50]
  • Hari Raj Adhikari
  • Kamala Rokka
  • Krishna Bahadur Mahara[51]
  • Tek Bahadur Basnet
  • Gajendra Bahadur Mahat[51]
  • Suresh Chandra Das
  • Santa Kumar Tharu
  • Jayapuri Gharti
  • Sashi Shrestha
  • Yashoda Gurung Subedi
  • Chudamani Khadka
  • Purna Kumari Subedi
  • Dharmasheela Chapagain
  • Satya Pahadi
  • Indu Kumari Sharma
  • Ram Kumari Chaudhary
  • Durga Kumari Bishwakarma
  • Bodhmaya Kumari Yadav
  • Dil Kumari Sah
  • Chanda Tara Kumari
  • Amrita Thapa
  • Durga Bahadur Rawat

CPN (Unified Socialist)

  • Kalilka Khatun
  • Gopal Bahadur Bam
  • Bhawani Prasad Khapung
  • Hira Chandra KC
  • Mukunda Neupane
  • Kalyani Kumari Khadka
  • Nira Devi Jairu
  • Sarala Yadav
  • Pushpa Kumari Karna Kayastha
  • Samina Hussein
  • Parbani Kumari Bishunkhe
  • Laxmi Chaudhary
  • Bina Budhathoki

People's Socialist Party

  • Surya Narayan Yadav
  • Hari Narayan Rauniyar
  • Rani Mandal
  • Lila Devi Sitaula
  • Renu Kumari Yadav
  • Nar Maya Dhakal

Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

  • Bimal Prasad Shivastav
  • Chandra Kant Chaudhary
  • Kali Devi Bishwakarma
  • Dulari Devi Khatweni
  • Nirajala Raut

Nepal Socialist Party

  • Baburam Bhattarai[40]

Nagarik Unmukti Party

  • Resham Lal Chaudhary[52]

Independent

  • Chakka Bahadur Lama

Manifesto

Nepali Congress

Manifesto cover


CPN (UML)

Surveys and opinion polls

Opinion poll

When each party run independently

Date Pollster Largest Party Congress UML Maoist Centre PSP-N LSP-N CPN (US) NWPP NUP
29 July 2022 Centre for Data Journalism
(Ekantipur)[53][54] 		Congress 76 71 8 5 2 1 1 1
11 August 2022 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
(Online Khabar)[55] 		Congress 79 69 8 4 2 1 1 1

When ruling NC+ alliance vs CPN UML occur

Date Pollster Largest party Congress+ UML NWPP
29 July 2022 Centre for Data Journalism
(Ekantipur)[53][54] 		Congress 154 10 1
11 August 2022 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
(Online Khabar)[55] 		Congress 155 9 1

When ruling NC+ alliance vs CPN UML supported by RPP and PSP-N occur

Date Pollster Largest party Congress+ UML+ NWPP NUP
29 July 2022 Centre for Data Journalism
(Ekantipur)[53][54] 		Congress 133 30 1 1
11 August 2022 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
(Online Khabar)[55] 		Congress 134 29 1 1

When NC+LSP-N vs CPN UML vs Socialist alliance occur

Date Pollster Largest party Congress+ UML Socialist alliance LSP-N NWPP NUP
29 July 2022 Centre for Data Journalism
(Ekantipur)[53][54] 		Congress 63 60 37 2 1 1
11 August 2022 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
(Online Khabar)[55] 		Congress 65 60 35 2 1 1

When NC+LSP-N vs CPN UML+RPP vs Socialist alliance

Date Pollster Largest party UML Congress Socialist alliance LSP-N NWPP NUP
29 July 2022 Centre for Data Journalism
(Ekantipur)[53][54] 		UML 88 45 37 2 1 1
11 August 2022 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
(Online Khabar)[55] 		UML 85 55 30 2 1 1

Results

Voter turnout

By constituency

Constituency Total voters Total turnout
Highest
Lowest

By province

Province Total voters Total turnout Total seats
Province No. 1 28
Madhesh Province 32
Bagmati Province 33
Gandaki Province 18
Lumbini Province 26
Karnali Province 12
Sudurpashchim Province 16
Overall 165

See also

References

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  49. ^ a b c d "यी नेताले दिए स्वतन्त्र उम्मेदवारी". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  50. ^ "Speaker Sapkota not to contest the November elections". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  51. ^ a b "जसले संसदीय राजनीतिबाट विदा लिए". Online Khabar. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  52. ^ "आमनिर्वाचन २०७९: रेशम चौधरीको उम्मेदवारी खारेज". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  53. ^ a b c d e "संसदीय चुनावका सम्भावित ९ परिदृश्य". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  54. ^ a b c d e "१६५ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा कुन दलको मत कति ?". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  55. ^ a b c d e "यस्तो हुनेछ चुनावी जोडघटाउ र समीकरणको सम्भावित दृश्य". Online Khabar. Retrieved 11 August 2022.

External links

Party manifestos

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