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Harald Bernard Malmgren was an American economist, diplomat, and policy advisor who served as a senior aide to U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford[1], as well as U.S. Senators Abraham A. Ribicoff and Russell B. Long on the United States Senate Committee on Finance. Malmgren advised foreign leaders, corporate executives, and financial institutions, and was a prolific writer on global economics, geopolitics, and security issues. He played a critical role in averting a nuclear catastrophe during the Cuban Missile Crisis and influenced global business strategies, notably advising Toyota to manufacture cars in the U.S.[2]

Academic Background

Malmgren began his higher education studying physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1953–1954) before transferring to Yale University on a full scholarship to pursue economics. At Yale, he worked as a research assistant to Nobel Laureate Thomas Schelling, graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in 1957, and received the Howland Fellowship for international study. He continued his education at University of Oxford (1957–1958) as a guest of Queen’s College, briefly attended Harvard University in 1958, and returned to Oxford as a student of Nuffield College, Oxford (1959–1961), where he studied under Nobel Laureate Sir John Hicks. Malmgren earned a D.Phil. from Oxford in 1962, supported by a Social Science Research Council fellowship.[3]

Scholarly Contributions

Malmgren’s academic work focused on economic theory, influenced by debates between Ludwig von Mises and Oskar R. Lange on markets versus central planning, and discussions with Friedrich Hayek and Lange. His 1961 paper, “Information, Expectations, and the Theory of the Firm,” published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, is considered a foundational contribution to New Institutional Economics.[4] This work has been republished in several anthologies of significant economic papers.[5][6] His doctoral dissertation and related works were highlighted in a historical review of Oxford’s economic scholarship.[7]

In 1968, Malmgren contributed an essay, “Information and Period Analysis in Economic Decisions,” to a festschrift honoring Sir John Hicks, published as Value, Capital, and Growth.[8] Throughout his career, he authored numerous articles on economics, trade, security, and technology, many of which are cataloged at WorldCat[9] and hosted on platforms like Academia.edu ... Read more

From Wikipedia
Harald Malmgren Next Arrow.svg

Harald Bernard Malmgren (July 13, 1935 – February 13, 2025[10]) was an American writer, lobbyist, and federal trade negotiator. He was recruited into the federal government by the John F. Kennedy administration, and worked under several presidents.

While working on a PhD at the University of Oxford in the early 1960s, Malmgren published a pioneering article in organizational economics. From the late 1960s to 1975 he worked for the Office of the United States Trade Representative, focusing on negotiations relating to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. During this period Malmgren also conducted research into non-tariff barriers to trade and published two books outlining his belief that trade agreements could be an important tool in foreign affairs. From 1972 to 1975 he was a deputy special representative for trade negotiations, holding the rank of ambassador and primarily working on negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

After leaving the government, Malmgren worked as a lobbyist. His clients included Japanese business interests, who paid high fees for his work. In the late 1970s, Malmgren promoted his consulting firm as having "access to power" through his former association with Senator Abraham Ribicoff, a claim Ribicoff denied. By 1991, Pat Choate deemed him "in the eyes of many...America's foremost trade authority," arguing that his lobbying work encouraged other trade experts to enter the field.[11]

Early life and education

Harald Malmgren was born in Boston, Massachusetts on July 13, 1935.[10][12] He spent a year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute before transferring to Yale University.[12][13] He earned an undergraduate degree in economics from Yale in 1957, summa cum laude.[13][14] While at Yale, Malmgren worked as a research assistant to Thomas Schelling, who encouraged him to go to Oxford University for his doctorate of philosophy.[15] From 1957 to 1959 Malmgren had a fellowship from the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, allowing him to do research at Harvard University.[14] In 1959, he was admitted to The Queen's College, Oxford for a PhD on "the concept of an industrial process," supervised by Philip Andrews.[16] He also studied under J.R. Hickswhile at Oxford.[15] By 1960, Malmgren had transferred to Nuffield College,[17] where he earned a PhD in February 1962. [18]

While at Oxford, Malmgren published the article "Information, expectations, and the theory of the firm" in The Quarterly Journal of Economics. In 1996, the scholar Nicolai J. Foss wrote that the article was "a strikingly original paper that, had it been duly recognized ... Read more


Selected Quote

Quote

— Albert Einstein

"If I was not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music. ... I cannot tell if I would have done any creative work of importance in music, but I do know that I get most joy in life out of my violin."

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Eastern Chipmunk with cheeks filled of food supply, Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area, Quebec, Canada
Eastern Chipmunk with cheeks filled of food supply, Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area, Quebec, Canada

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310511 - Meica Christensen - 3b - 2012 Team processing.jpg
Meica Jayne Horsburgh is an Australian goalball player. She began playing the sport in 2004, the same year she made her national team debut. She was named the captain in 2010 and played in the Goalball World Championships.
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Selected films

Chennai Express.jpg
Chennai Express is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty and produced by UTV Motion Pictures and Red Chillies Entertainment.
Ⓒ Image credit • Read more

Selected foods

Ribes nigrum a1.JPG
The blackcurrant is a deciduous shrub in the family Grossulariaceae grown for its edible berries. It is native to temperate parts of central and northern Europe and northern Asia, where it prefers damp fertile soils.
Ⓒ Image credit • Read more

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References
  1. ^ "Bloomberg Politics". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2025-04-25.
  2. ^ "Pippa Malmgren". X.com. 2025-02-14. Retrieved 2025-04-25.
  3. ^ Lise Arena (2011). From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s). Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ "Information, Expectations, and the Theory of the Firm". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 75 (3): 399–421. 1961. doi:10.2307/1882249.
  5. ^ Claude Menard, ed. (2004). The International Library of the New Institutional Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1843766605.
  6. ^ Mark Casson, ed. (1996). The Theory of the Firm. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1858981192.
  7. ^ Lise Arena (2011). From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s). Oxford University Press.
  8. ^ J. N. Wolfe, ed. (1968). Value, Capital, and Growth. University of Edinburgh Press. ISBN 978-0852240304.
  9. ^ "Malmgren, Harald B. 1935-". WorldCat Identities. Retrieved 2025-04-25.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference fauq was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Choate 1991, p. 70.
  12. ^ a b Lewis 1990, pp. 105–107.
  13. ^ a b "Patricia A. Nelson to Wed in England". Valley Times. 1959-05-23. p. 8. Retrieved 2025-04-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ a b Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship 1960.
  15. ^ a b Arena, List. From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Oxford. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  16. ^ "Board of the Faculty of Social Studies: IV. Students for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Oxford University Gazette. 90 (3017): 76. 30 September 1959.
  17. ^ "Board of the Faculty of Social Studies: IV. Students for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Oxford University Gazette. 90 (3031). 625 Supplement (5). 3 February 1960.
  18. ^ "University Acts: 1. Degrees". Oxford University Gazette. 92 (3112): 735. March 1962.
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